Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition and associated factors among under-5 children in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study: Mekonen Adimasu, Girum Sebsibie, Fikrtemariam Abebe, Getaneh Baye, Kerebih Abere; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020003. Published online February 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020003

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is often a neglected topic despite its clinical impact. Although a few studies have examined nutritional recovery time, the length of hospitalization in those studies varied greatly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the recovery time from SAM and to identify predictors of length of hospitalization among under-5 children.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 423 under-5 children with SAM who had been admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate time to nutritional recovery, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors.

RESULTS

The nutritional recovery rate was 81.3%, and the median recovery time was 15.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.61 to 16.39). Age, daily weight gain per kilogram of body weight, vaccination status, and the existence of at least 1 comorbidity (e.g., pneumonia, stunting, shock, and deworming) were found to be significant independent predictors of nutritional recovery time. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for nutritional recovery decreased by 1.9% for every 1-month increase in child age (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall nutritional recovery time in this study was within the Sphere standards. However, approximately 13.0% of children stayed in the hospital for more than 28.00 days, which is an unacceptably large proportion. Daily weight gain of ≥8 g/kg, full vaccination, and deworming with albendazole or mebendazole reduced nutritional recovery time. Conversely, older age, pneumonia, stunting, and shock increased nutritional recovery time.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Stabilizing time and its predictors among 1–59 months old children managed for severe acute malnutrition during the humanitarian crisis in Tigray regional state of Ethiopia, 2023: a prospective cohort study
Wagnew Tesfay, Mebrahtu Abay, Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot, Ataklti Gebremedhin
BMC Pediatrics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Time to recovery from severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among under five children admitted to therapeutic feeding units of general and referral hospitals in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2020: a prospective cohort study
Gebretsadkan Fisseha Kidane, Kidane Zereabruk, Woldu Aberhe, Abrha Hailay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Haile, Desalegn Massa Teklemichael
BMC Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of malnutrition on the outcome and length of hospital stay in elective pediatric surgical patients: prospective cohort study at tertiary hospitals in Ethiopia
Belachew D. Wondemagegnehu, Woubedel K. Aklilu, Milliard D. Beyene, Bareng A. Sanny Nonyane
BMC Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comorbidities of Child Malnutrition in Low- and Medium-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Tshepiso Moate, Tinda Rabie, Catharina Minnie, Anne Mäenpää
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition.2022; 75(4): 400. CrossRef
Severe acute malnutrition’s recovery rate still below the minimum standard: predictors of time to recovery among 6- to 59-month-old children in the healthcare setting of Southwest Ethiopia
Seyum Ebissa Eyi, Gebiso Roba Debele, Efrem Negash, Kebebe Bidira, Debela Tarecha, Kabtamu Nigussie, Mohammedamin Hajure, Mohammedjud Hassen Ahmed, Bilisumamulifna Tefera Kefeni
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Preparation and quality characterization of marine small pelagic fish powder: A novel ready-to-use nutritious food product for vulnerable populations
Abdullah-Al Mamun, Shuva Bhowmik, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Sharmin Akter, Tanjina Pias, MUM Abu Zakaria, Md. Monirul Islam, Hillary Egna, Ford Evans, Md Abdul Wahab, Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, David C. Little
Measurement: Food.2022; 8: 100067. CrossRef
Assessment, outcomes and implications of multiple anthropometric deficits in children
Idzes Kundan, Rajalakshmi Nair, Shashwat Kulkarni, Aparna Deshpande, Raju Jotkar, Mrudula Phadke
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.2021; 4(1): 267. CrossRef
Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months: A community-based case-control study from Vellore, Southern India
SamM David, RubyA Pricilla, SherinS Paul, Kuryan George, Anuradha Bose, JasminH Prasad
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2020; 9(5): 2237. CrossRef
Time to Recovery and Its Predictors among Children 6–59 Months Admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition to East Amhara Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Telahun Kasa Tefera, Solomon Mekonnen Abebe, Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw, Freezer Girma Mekasha
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef

Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study: Masino Tessu Beshir, Aklil Hailu Beyene, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Tefera Mulugeta Demelew; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019028. Published online June 22, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019028

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Tuberculosis (TB) is common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but its effect on the survival of HIV-infected children is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of active TB among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted over 5 years using a checklist to gather data from 428 randomly selected pediatric patient charts. The checklist was adapted from the standardized antiretroviral therapy (ART) follow-up form currently used by the institution’s ART clinic. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariable analysis using Cox regression proportional hazards models, as appropriate. Survival was calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests.

RESULTS

Of the 466 charts reviewed, 428 patient records were included in the analysis. A total of 67 new TB cases were observed during the follow-up period. Hence, the incidence rate in this cohort was found to be 6.03 per 100 child-years of observation. A baseline hemoglobin level <10 g/dL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 7.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 48.15), moderate wasting (aHR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.02 to 7.99), and not receiving isoniazid preventive therapy (aHR, 8.23; 95% CI, 2.11 to 32.06) were among the independent predictors of TB occurrence.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of TB was high, particularly in pre-ART patients receiving chronic care for HIV. Close followup of HIV-positive children is crucial to protect them against the development of TB. Initiating isoniazid preventive therapy, averting malnutrition, and managing anemia are also of significant importance.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study
Gebrehiwot Berie Mekonnen, Binyam Minuye Birhane, Melaku Tadege Engdaw, Wotetenesh Kindie, Amare Demsie Ayele, Amare Wondim
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiological survival pattern, risk factors, and estimated time to develop tuberculosis after test and treat strategies declared for children living with human immune deficiency virus
Dejen Tsegaye, Sintayehu Wude, Tsehay Kebede, Setamlak Adane, Tesfaye Shumet, Fassikaw Kebede
Indian Journal of Tuberculosis.2023; 70: S89. CrossRef
The incidence rate of tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV-positive persons in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Ayal Tsegaye Mekonnen
BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among children receiving antiretroviral therapy in the Wolaita Zone: A retrospective cohort study
Daneil Tekese, Desalegn Dawit, Behailu Hawulte, Hussein Mohammed, Fekede Asefa, Lemessa Oljira, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(9): e0291502. CrossRef
Incidence and Predictors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Children Who Received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Historical Cohorts Study 2009–2019
Fassikaw Kebede, Habtamu Tarekegn, Mulugeta Molla, Dube Jara, Abebe Abate, Maoshui Wang
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Global trends, regional differences and age distribution for the incidence of HIV and tuberculosis co-infection from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019
Yaping Wang, Wenzhan Jing, Jue Liu, Min Liu
Infectious Diseases.2022; 54(11): 773. CrossRef
Bayesian parametric modeling of time to tuberculosis co-infection of HIV/AIDS patients at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia
Abdi Kenesa Umeta, Samuel Fikadu Yermosa, Abdisa G. Dufera
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Tuberculosis prevalence, incidence and prevention in a south african cohort of children living with HIV
Gloria Ebelechukwu Anyalechi, Rommel Bain, Gurpreet Kindra, Mary Mogashoa, Nonzwakazi Sogaula, Anthony Mutiti, Stephen Arpadi, Emilia Rivadeneira, Elaine J Abrams, Chloe A Teasdale
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Survival and predictors of mortality among HIV-infected adults receiving ART in Hawassa comprehensive specialized hospital, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia
Balta Bargude, Fanta Amanuel
Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health.2022; 5(1): 042. CrossRef
Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yemataw Gelaw, Zegeye Getaneh, Mulugeta Melku
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh, Gebeyehu Shumuye Yetemegn, Dessie Abebaw Angaw
Tropical Medicine and Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on the Incidence of Tuberculosis among Seropositive Children Attending HIV/AIDS Care in Two General Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
Fassikaw Kebede, Birhanu Kebede, Tsehay Kebede, Melaku Agmasu, Maoshui Wang
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Time to Develop and Predictors for Incidence of Tuberculosis among Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
Fassikaw Kebede, Tsehay Kebede, Birhanu Kebede, Abebe Abate, Dube Jara, Belete Negese, Tamrat Shaweno, Karl Drlica
Tuberculosis Research and Treatment.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment on TB incidence among HIV infected children and their clinical profile, retrospective cohort study, South West Ethiopia
Firew Tiruneh, Yared Deyas
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Prevalence of disrespect and abuse of women during child birth and associated factors in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia: Biresaw Wassihun, Leul Deribe, Nadia Worede, Teklemariam Gultie; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018029. Published online July 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018029

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Disrespect and abuse are an often-unacknowledged cause of maternal mortality and morbidity globally. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of disrespect and abuse of women during childbirth at a health facility in the town of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

METHODS

In this community-based cross-sectional study, 422 mothers were interviewed from March 1 to 30, 2017 using a systematic random sampling technique with the kth value of 23 calculated based on the number of households in each sub-city and the expected sample size from sub-cities. Data were collected using a structured face-to-face interview questionnaire. EpiData version 3.1 was used to code and enter data, which were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable, and binary logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was carried out to determine the associations between predictor variables and outcome variables.

RESULTS

A total of 410 women participated in the study, with a response rate of 97.2%. The overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse was 67.1% (95% CI, 63.0 to 72.0). Disrespect and abuse were more prevalent in women with a monthly income less than 2,000 Ethiopian birr (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.80), mothers who stayed in a health facility after delivery (aOR, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.23 to 11.82), those who received care at a governmental hospital (aOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.15 to 5.40), and those who attended fewer than 4 antenatal care visits (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.40).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of disrespect and abuse was high in this study setting. To decrease the prevalence of this phenomenon, appropriate interventions should be designed, focusing on increasing the number of antenatal care visits, increasing the incomes of mothers, and improving the relationship between health workers and mothers during mothers’ stay at health facilities.

Summary

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Is inadequate play area in schools associated with overweight among students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia? A comparative cross-sectional study: Tsedey Moges, Bereket Gebremichael, Solomon Shiferaw, Robel Yirgu; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018017. Published online May 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018017

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of childhood obesity has more than doubled since it was formally recognized as a global epidemic in 1997. With the increasingly dwindling space for private schools in Ethiopia, unresolved concerns exist among the public regarding the possible effect of limited play areas in schools on overweight/obesity. This study intended to determine and compare the levels of overweight/obesity among adolescents in private schools with and without adequate play area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

METHODS

A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,276 adolescents. Twenty private schools were grouped into 2 groups based on the size of the play area. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and anthropometric measurements and analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and logistic regression.

RESULTS

The magnitude of overweight/obesity was significantly higher in schools with inadequate play area (19.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.4 to 22.7) than in schools with adequate play area (14.6%; 95% CI, 11.9 to17.5). Inadequacy of the play area was also positively associated with overweight/obesity in the multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.51). Using private car transportation to and from school (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.57), father’s educational status (secondary school and above: OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.62), and middle wealth quintile (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.50 to 4.33) were other factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity.

CONCLUSIONS

Inadequate play area in schools was an important contributor to overweight/obesity. Sedentary behavior was also significantly associated with overweight/obesity.

Summary

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Shahnaz Taghizadeh, Rahim Khodayari Zarnag, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
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Frederick Inkum Danquah, Monica Ansu-Mensah, Vitalis Bawontuo, Matilda Yeboah, Roseline H. Udoh, Mohammed Tahiru, Desmond Kuupiel
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Frederick Inkum Danquah, Monica Ansu-Mensah, Vitalis Bawontuo, Matilda Yeboah, Desmond Kuupiel
Archives of Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Distribution and larval breeding habitats of Aedes mosquito species in residential areas of northwest Ethiopia: Getachew Ferede, Moges Tiruneh, Ebba Abate, Wondmeneh Jemberie Kassa, Yitayih Wondimeneh, Demekech Damtie, Belay Tessema; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018015. Published online April 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018015

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456 Download
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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The Aedes mosquito is a vector for transmitting many arboviruses. Knowledge of the breeding habitat of this vector is vital for implementing appropriate interventions. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the breeding habitats and presence of Aedes mosquito species in the study areas.

METHODS

A house-to-house cross-sectional survey of Aedes mosquito breeding habitats was carried out in Metema and Humera, Ethiopia, in August 2017. All available water-holding containers present in and around houses were inspected for the presence of immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes, and they were collected and reared to the adult stage for species identification. In the larval survey, the house index, container index, and Breteau index were computed as risk indices.

RESULTS

Of the 384 houses surveyed for the presence of Aedes mosquito larval breeding, 98 were found to be positive for larvae. During the survey, a total of 566 containers were inspected, of which 186 were found to be infested with Aedes mosquito larvae, with a container index of 32.9, a house index of 25.5, and a Breteau index of 48.4. The most common Aedes mosquito breeding habitats were discarded tires (57.5%), followed by mud pots (30.0%). Of the 1,077 larvae and pupae collected and reared, Aedes aegypti (49.3%), Ae. vittatus (6.5%), and Culex species (44.2%) were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Discarded tires were the most preferred breeding habitats for Aedes mosquitoes. Moreover, Ae. aegypti, the main vector of dengue and other arboviruses, was identified for the first time in this region, suggesting a high potential for arbovirus transmission in the study areas.

Summary

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Prevalence of goiter and associated factors among schoolchildren in northeast Ethiopia: Emebet Tigabu, Kindie Bantie Bekele, Berihun Assefa Dachew; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017055. Published online November 25, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017055

13,399 View
306 Download
12 Web of Science
12 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Goiter is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of goiter among children in Waghimra Zone, northeast Ethiopia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 8 to 25, 2015 in northeast Ethiopia. A multistage sampling method was used to select 454 schoolchildren. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Children were examined for the presence or absence of goiter based on the criteria of the United Nations Children’s Fund, International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency, and the World Health Organization. Salt samples from children’s homes were tested for iodine levels using a rapid iodized salt test kit. Data were entered into EpiInfo version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted, and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to determine the level of significance.

RESULTS

The prevalence of goiter was 62.1% (95% CI, 57.5 to 66.5%). Being female (aOR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.57 to 6.08), having a family history of goiter (aOR, 5.18; 95% CI, 2.43 to 11.03), and using non-iodized salt (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.38) were factors associated with goiter among schoolchildren.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of goiter was high. Being female and having a family history of goiter increased the risk of goiter in children, but using iodized salt was protective. Therefore, we recommend ensuring universal access to iodized salt and increasing the awareness of the community of the importance of iodized salt utilization.

Summary

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Mohamed Hamad J. T. Al‐Thani, Salah Abdulla Sh. A. Alyafei, Kholoud Ateeq K. M. Al‐Motawaa, Shamseldin Ali Khalifa, Syed Hassan Bin Usman Shah, Benjamin Vinodson, Sureshbabu Kokku, Amit Mishra
Public Health Challenges.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Availability of adequate iodized salt at household level in rural communities in Farta district, Northwest, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Yalelet Fentaw Shiferaw, Wubshet Debebe Negash, Daniel Gashaneh Belay, Haileyesus Birhan, Desale Bihonegn Asmamaw
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Agize Asfaw, Dessalegn Tamiru, Tefera Belachew
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Prevalence of Goiter Among School-Aged Children in Ethiopia: Update of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Yohannes Tekalegn, Kebebe Bekele, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Demelash Woldeyohannes
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Adequately Iodized Salt Utilization and Associated Factors among Households in Tach Armachio District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Worku Mamo, Terefe Derso, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Karen L. Sweazea
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Gebremedhin Gebremichael, Melake Demena, Gudina Egata, Berhe Gebremichael
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Muzemil Muktar, Kedir Teji Roba, Bezatu Mengistie, Berhe Gebremichael, Adamu Belay Tessema, Meseret Woldeyohannes Kebede, Sun Young Lee
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Effect of antiretroviral therapy on changes in the fertility intentions of human immunodeficiency virus-positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective follow-up study: Hussen Mekonnen, Fikre Enquselassie; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017028. Published online July 16, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017028

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
With access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are able to consider childbearing to a greater extent than previously. In many cases, ART has transformed their intentions to have children. The present study aimed to assess changes in fertility intentions 12 months after ART initiation among HIV-positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

METHODS

An institution-based follow-up study was conducted among 360 HIV-positive women in Addis Ababa. A logistic regression model was used to assess the influence of socio-demographic, reproductive health, and clinical characteristics on changes in the fertility intentions of women.

RESULTS

Overall, 40.8% (147 of 360) of the women reported that they desired to have a child in the future at the baseline visit, while 48.3% (174 of 360) did so at the 12-month follow-up. The proportion of women who reported that they desired to have a child 12 months after ART initiation was higher among ART-initiated women (55.8%, 106 of 190) than ART-naïve women (40.0%, 68 of 170). The adjusted analysis indicated that a change in fertility intentions between baseline and the follow-up visit was significantly associated with ART use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 5.20) and marital status, with single (aOR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.10 to 25.92) and married (aOR, 6.35; 95% CI, 1.44 to 27.99) women being more likely to report fertility intentions than divorced/widowed women.

CONCLUSIONS

ART use was a significant predictor of change in fertility intentions between the baseline and follow-up visit, which suggests that additional efforts are necessary to integrate family planning and HIV services to address the safe fertility goals of women in the study area.

Summary

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Determinants of Fertility Desire among Women Living with HIV in the Childbearing Age Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Case-Control Study
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Postpartum modern contraceptive use in northern Ethiopia: prevalence and associated factors: Teklehaymanot Huluf Abraha, Alemayehu Shimeka Teferra, Abebaw Addis Gelagay; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017012. Published online March 20, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017012

23,026 View
664 Download
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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The postpartum period is a critical period for addressing widespread unmet needs in family planning and for reducing the risks of closely spaced pregnancies. However, contraception during the extended postpartum period has been underemphasized in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess postpartum modern contraceptive use among women in northern Ethiopia and to identify factors associated with modern contraceptive use in the postpartum period.

METHODS

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2015. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported into Stata version 12 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify the determinants of postpartum modern contraceptive use. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and p-values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.

RESULTS

Nearly half (48.0%) of women used modern contraceptives during the extended postpartum period. Postpartum modern contraceptive use was significantly associated with secondary and tertiary education levels (aOR, 4.25; 95% CI, 1.29 to 14.00; aOR, 5.36 ; 95% CI, 1.14 to 25.45, respectively), family planning counseling during prenatal and postnatal care (aOR, 5.72 ; 95% CI, 2.67, 12.28), having postnatal care (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.15 to 4.87), resuming sexual activity (aOR, 9.53; 95% CI, 3.74 to 24.27), and menses returning after birth (aOR, 6.35; 95% CI, 3.14 to 13.39). In addition, experiencing problems with previous contraceptive use was negatively associated with modern contraceptive use (aOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.72).

CONCLUSIONS

Low rate of postpartum modern contraceptive use were found in the study area. Therefore, strengthening family planning counseling during antenatal and postnatal care visits, improving utilization of postnatal care services and improving women’s educational status are crucial steps for to enhance modern contraceptive use among postpartum women.

Summary

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Visceral leishmaniasis treatment outcome and its determinants in northwest Ethiopia: Getachew Mebrahtu Welay, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Berihun Assefa Dachew; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017001. Published online December 28, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017001

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Poor treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are responsible for the high mortality rate of this condition in resource-limited settings such as Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify the proportion of poor VL treatment outcomes in northwest Ethiopia and to evaluate the determinants associated with poor outcomes.

METHODS

A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among 595 VL patients who were admitted to Kahsay Abera Hospital in northwest Ethiopia from October 2010 to April 2013. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify the determinants of VL treatment outcomes. Adjusted odds ratio (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used, and p-values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.

RESULTS

The proportion of poor treatment outcomes was 23.7%. Late diagnosis (≥29 days) (aOR, 4.34; 95% CI, 2.22 to 8.46), severe illness at admission (inability to walk) (aOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.40) and coinfection with VL and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (aOR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.40 to 5.20) were found to be determinants of poor VL treatment outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Poor treatment outcomes, such as death, treatment failure, and non-adherence, were found to be common. Special attention must be paid to severely ill and VL/HIV-coinfected patients. To improve VL treatment outcomes, the early diagnosis and treatment of VL patients is recommended.

Summary

Citations

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Hematological and Clinical Features Associated with Initial Poor Treatment Outcomes in Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients with and without HIV Coinfection in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
Muluneh Ademe, Yaneth Osorio, Rawliegh Howe, Saba Atnafu, Tadele Mulaw, Helina Fikre, Bruno L. Travi, Asrat Hailu, Peter C. Melby, Tamrat Abebe
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(1): 36. CrossRef
Fever of unknown origin and splenomegaly: a case report of visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Lan-Qing Li, Yiju He, Ting Liu, Jing Zhou, En-Qiang Chen
Future Microbiology.2023; 18(11): 699. CrossRef
Trend of Visceral Leishmaniasis at Medicine Sans Frontier’s Abdurafi Treatment Center, West Armachiho District, Ethiopia, 2009-2015, a retrospective descriptive analysis
Sisay Awoke, Sefonias Getachew, Yimer Seid, Tatek Bogale
Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Zoonotic Diseases in the eastern region of the Iraqi capital, between 2010-2016
A S Barrak, O A Saeed, MTA Mohammed
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Inequalities of visceral leishmaniasis case-fatality in Brazil: A multilevel modeling considering space, time, individual and contextual factors
Gláucia Cota, Astrid Christine Erber, Eva Schernhammer, Taynãna Cesar Simões, Alberto Novaes Ramos
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(7): e0009567. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of a combined treatment of sodium stibogluconate at 20mg/kg/day with upper maximum daily dose limit of 850mg and Paromomycin 15mg/kg/day in HIV negative visceral leishmaniasis patients. A retrospective study, northwest Ethiopia
Aschalew Tamiru, Rezika Mohammed, Saba Atnafu, Girmay Medhin, Asrat Hailu, Peter C. Melby
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(8): e0009713. CrossRef
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O.F. Davies-Bolorunduro, O. Osuolale, S. Saibu, I.A. Adeleye, N.S. Aminah
Heliyon.2021; 7(8): e07710. CrossRef
Prevalence estimates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among visceral leishmaniasis infected people in Northwest Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mehdi Mohebali, Yonas Yimam
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Incidence of Mortality and Its Predictors Among Adult Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the University of Gondar Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 881. CrossRef
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Kyung-Hwa Baek, Laura Piel, Thibault Rosazza, Eric Prina, Gerald F. Späth, Joo Hwan No
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S. Lamotte, N. Aulner, G. F. Späth, E. Prina
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Visceral Leishmaniasis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors in Northern Ethiopia
Kidu Gidey, Desalegn Belay, Berhane Yohannes Hailu, Tesfaye Dessale Kassa, Yirga Legesse Niriayo
BioMed Research International.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Relationship of Serum Antileishmanial Antibody With Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis, Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapse
Dinesh Mondal, Prakash Ghosh, Rajashree Chowdhury, Christine Halleux, Jose A. Ruiz-Postigo, Abdul Alim, Faria Hossain, Md Anik Ashfaq Khan, Rupen Nath, Malcolm S. Duthie, Axel Kroeger, Greg Matlashewski, Daniel Argaw, Piero Olliaro
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Helina Fikre Tamiru, Yohana James Mashalla, Rezika Mohammed, Gloria Thupayagale Tshweneagae
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Ayalew Assefa
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Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagvathula, Tadesse Melaku Abegaz, Mohammed Assen Seid
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Survival and predictors of mortality among human immunodeficiency virus patients on anti-retroviral treatment at Jinka Hospital, South Omo, Ethiopia: a six years retrospective cohort study: Erdaw Tachbele, Gobena Ameni; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016049. Published online November 6, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016049

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The survival rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving treatment in Ethiopia is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and predictors of mortality among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Jinka Hospital, South Omo, Ethiopia.

METHODS

A 6-year retrospective cohort study was conducted using 350 patient records drawn from 1,899 patients on ART at Jinka Hospital from September 2010 to August 2015. The data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics and Cox regression models.

RESULTS

Of the 350 study participants, 315 (90.0%) were censored and 35 (10.0%) died. Twenty-two (62.9%) of the deaths occurred during the first year of treatment. The total follow-up encompassed 1,995 person-years, with an incidence rate of 1.75 deaths per 100 person-years. The mean survival time of patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was 30.84±19.57 months. The overall survival of patients on HAART was 64.00% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.85 to 66.21%) at 72 months of follow-up. The significant predictors of mortality included non-disclosure of HIV status (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 5.82; 95% CI, 1.91 to 17.72), a history of tuberculosis (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.51), and ambulatory (aHR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.20 to 8.86) or bedridden (aHR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.30 to 17.27) functional status, World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage IV illness (aHR, 24.97; 95% CI, 2.75 to 26.45), and substance abusers (aHR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.39 to 9.97).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with a history of tuberculosis treatment, ambulatory or bedridden functional status, or advanced WHO clinical stage disease, as well substance abusers, should be carefully monitored, particularly in the first few months after initiating antiretroviral therapy. Patients should also be encouraged to disclose their status to their relatives.

Summary

Citations

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Predictors of Survival Time Among HIV-Infected Adults After Initiating Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Kombolcha Town: A 5-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Muhammed Siraj, Sisay Gedamu, Belachew Tegegne
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care.2022; Volume 14: 181. CrossRef
Survival and predictors of mortality among HIV-infected adults receiving ART in Hawassa comprehensive specialized hospital, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia
Balta Bargude, Fanta Amanuel
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Incidence of Mortality and Its Predictors Among HIV Positive Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, Adino Tesfahun Tsegaye, Haileab Fekadu Wolde
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care.2021; Volume 13: 31. CrossRef
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Haddis Birhanu, Atsede Alle, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu
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Abdi Birhanu, Tariku Dingeta, Moti Tolera
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Abewa Kebede, Fasil Tessema, Gadisa Bekele, Zerihun Kura, Hailu Merga
AIDS Research and Therapy.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef

Levels of adherence and factors associated with adherence to option B+ prevention of mother-to-child transmission among pregnant and lactating mothers in selected government health facilities of South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, northeast Ethiopia, 2016: Delelegn Tsegaye, Leul Deribe, Shambel Wodajo; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016043. Published online October 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016043

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to measure the levels of adherence and to identify factors associated with adherence to option B+ prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) among pregnant and lactating mothers in selected government health facilities of South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, northeast Ethiopia.

METHODS

An institution-based cross-sectional quantitative study design was employed from March 1, 2016 to April 14, 2016, using a standard structured data collection instrument. A sample of 191 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive pregnant and lactating mothers who were receiving PMTCT follow-up in the selected health facilities participated in the study. The data were entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with adherence. The p-values <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify associations between independent predictors and the outcome variable.

RESULTS

The level of adherence to option B+ PMTCT drugs was 87.9%. Women who received in-hospital treatment, who lived in rural areas, and faced challenges in initiating lifelong option B+ treatment on the same-day that they were diagnosed with HIV were less likely to adhere to the treatment (adjusted odds ratios [95% CI] of 0.3 [0.11 to 0.82], 0.26 [0.1 to 0.73], and 0.08 [0.02 to 0.37], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Collaborative efforts of zonal health departments with health facility administrators and counselors are recommended for effective and efficient interventions focusing on hospitals, rural areas, and patients who face challenges on the day of their diagnosis.

Summary

Citations

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in southern Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study: Yeshi Metaferia, Walelign Dessie, Ibrahim Ali, Anteneh Amsalu; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016027. Published online June 19, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016027

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious agent that is a significant global public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Hawassa University referral hospital in Ethiopia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May, 2015. A total of 269 consecutive pregnant women attending antenatal consultations were enrolled. Sociodemographic information and data regarding possible risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the data were analyzed.

RESULTS

The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among the 269 participants enrolled in the study was 7.8% (n=21). The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 5.2% (n=14), of whom two participants (14.2%) were also positive for HBsAg. Study participants with no formal education (odds ratio [OR], 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 to 10.68; p<0.05) were more likely to be infected with HBV than those who had completed at least secondary school. Although HBsAg was detected more often in pregnant women who had multiple exposure factors (8.8%, n=13) than in pregnant women who had not experienced possible risk factors (4%, n=1), this difference was not statistically significant (OR, 2.33; 95%CI, 0.29 to 18.63).

CONCLUSIONS

A high prevalence of HBV infection was detected in the study population. Neither the type of risk factors nor exposure to multiple risk factors was significantly associated with HBV infection. Hence, screening pregnant women regardless of risk factors and improving awareness of the transmission routes of HBV within this group may reduce the risk of HBV infections.

Summary

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