Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/epih/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-12.txt): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 95 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 96
1Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
©2016, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characteristics | Mean survival probability over 6 yr and CI | p-value1 |
---|---|---|
Past TB treatment | <0.001 | |
Yes | 50.86 (39.20, 62.57) | |
No | 65.29 (63.19, 67.39) | |
Substance addiction | <0.001 | |
Yes | 59.71 (55.61,63.82) | |
No | 68.34 (66.25, 70.43) | |
Functional status | < 0.001 | |
Working | 66.27 (64.39, 68.17) | |
Ambulatory | 46.46 (35.36, 57.55) | |
Bedridden | 13.25 (5.60, 20.90) | |
WHO staging | 0.03 | |
I and II | 67.12 (64.34, 69.89) | |
III and IV | 62.30 (59.03, 65.30) | |
Baseline CD4 count (cells/μL) | 0.03 | |
10-350 | 52.83 (50.22, 65.43) | |
351-1,200 | 68.84 (65.91, 71.76) | |
Disclosure status | 0.003 | |
Yes | 64.96 (62.83, 67.10) | |
No | 52.41 (40.03, 64.78) | |
Opportunistic infections | 0.13 | |
Yes | 66.19 (62.69, 69.70) | |
No | 63.45 (61.07, 65.84) |
Covariates | Category | Censored | Dead | Total (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 129 (90.2) | 14 (9.8) | 143 |
Female | 186 (89.9) | 21 (10.1) | 207 | |
Marital status | Never | 21 (80.8) | 5 (19.2) | 26 |
Married | 185 (89.8) | 21 (10.2) | 206 | |
Separated | 42 (91.3) | 4 (8.7) | 46 | |
Widowed | 20 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 20 | |
Divorced | 47 (90.4) | 5 (9.6) | 52 | |
Educational level | Illiterate | 179 (87.7) | 25 (12.3) | 204 |
Able to read and write | 9 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 | |
Primary | 98 (90.7) | 10 (9.3) | 108 | |
Secondary | 23 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 23 | |
Tertiary | 6 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 | |
Occupation | Housewife | 52 (91.2) | 5 (8.8) | 57 |
Daily laborer | 102 (89.5) | 12 (10.5) | 114 | |
Farmer | 68 (87.2) | 10 (12.8) | 78 | |
Government employee | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 22 | |
Other | 68 (93.2) | 5 (6.8) | 73 | |
Religion | Orthodox | 221 (98.5) | 26 (10.5) | 247 |
Muslim | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) | 13 | |
Protestant | 60 (93.8) | 4 (6.2) | 64 | |
Other | 23 (88.5) | 3 (11.5) | 26 | |
Residence type | Urban | 223 (88.5) | 24 (9.7) | 247 |
Rural | 92 (89.3) | 11 (10.7) | 103 | |
Age (yr) | 18-30 | 180 (88.7) | 23 (11.3) | 203 |
31-40 | 92 (92.9) | 7 (7.1) | 99 | |
41-50 | 31 (88.6) | 4 (11.4) | 35 | |
51-70 | 12 (92.3) | 1 (7.7) | 13 |
Covariates | Category | Censored | Dead | Total (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline weight (kg) | <60 | 237 (90.1) | 26 (9.9) | 263 |
≥60 | 78 (89.7) | 9 (10.3) | 87 | |
Baseline CD4 count (cells/μL) | 10-200 | 105 (82.7) | 22 (17.3) | 127 |
201-349 | 136 (92.5) | 11 (7.5) | 147 | |
350-499 | 57 (96.6) | 2 (3.4) | 59 | |
500-720 | 17 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 17 | |
Functional status | Working | 296 (93.1) | 22 (6.9) | 318 |
Ambulatory | 18 (69.2) | 8 (30.8) | 26 | |
Bedridden | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 6 | |
WHO staging | I | 54 (98.2) | 1 (1.8) | 55 |
II | 69 (92.0) | 6 (8.0) | 75 | |
III | 171 (93.4) | 12 (6.6) | 183 | |
IV | 21 (56.8) | 16 (43.2) | 37 | |
ART eligibility criteria | WHO stage | 47 (87.0) | 7 (13.0) | 54 |
CD4 count | 135 (91.8) | 12 (8.2) | 147 | |
Both | 119 (88.1) | 16 (11.9) | 135 | |
Pregnancy | 14 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 14 | |
Substance use | Yes | 119 (83.2) | 24 (16.8) | 143 |
No | 160 (96.4) | 6 (96.4) | 166 | |
Opportunistic infection | No | 36 (97.3) | 1 (2.7) | 37 |
Yes | 279 (89.1) | 34 (10.9) | 313 |
Characteristics | Mean survival probability over 6 yr and CI | p-value |
---|---|---|
Past TB treatment | <0.001 | |
Yes | 50.86 (39.20, 62.57) | |
No | 65.29 (63.19, 67.39) | |
Substance addiction | <0.001 | |
Yes | 59.71 (55.61,63.82) | |
No | 68.34 (66.25, 70.43) | |
Functional status | < 0.001 | |
Working | 66.27 (64.39, 68.17) | |
Ambulatory | 46.46 (35.36, 57.55) | |
Bedridden | 13.25 (5.60, 20.90) | |
WHO staging | 0.03 | |
I and II | 67.12 (64.34, 69.89) | |
III and IV | 62.30 (59.03, 65.30) | |
Baseline CD4 count (cells/μL) | 0.03 | |
10-350 | 52.83 (50.22, 65.43) | |
351-1,200 | 68.84 (65.91, 71.76) | |
Disclosure status | 0.003 | |
Yes | 64.96 (62.83, 67.10) | |
No | 52.41 (40.03, 64.78) | |
Opportunistic infections | 0.13 | |
Yes | 66.19 (62.69, 69.70) | |
No | 63.45 (61.07, 65.84) |
Characteristics | Bivariate HR (95% CI) | p-value | Multivariate aHR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disclosure status | ||||
Yes | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
No | 3.49 (1.48, 8.22) | 0.004 | 5.82 (1.91, 17.72) | 0.02 |
Past TB treatment | ||||
Yes | 4.20 (1.96, 8.99) | <0.001 | 1.82 (1.41,3.51) | 0.04 |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
Functional status | ||||
Working | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
Ambulatory | 5.98 (2.64, 13.54) | < 0.001 | 2.97 (1.20, 8.86) | 0.05 |
Bedridden | 20.64 (7.65, 55.68) | < 0.001 | 4.67 (1.30, 17.27) | 0.02 |
WHO staging | ||||
I and II | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
III and IV | 2.41 (1.50, 5.52) | 0.04 | 3.25 (1.98, 10.7) | 0.05 |
Baseline CD4 count (cells/μL) | ||||
0-350 | 4.31 (1.34-17.97) | 0.05 | 3.38 (0.71, 16.02) | 0.33 |
351-1,200 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
Substance use | ||||
Yes | 4.57 (1.87, 11.21) | 0.001 | 3.72 (1.39, 9.97) | 0.009 |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
Initial regimens | ||||
1a=D4T-3TC-NVP | 3.47 (1.24, 9.79) | 0.02 | 1.66 (0.45, 6.14) | 0.45 |
1b=D4T-3TC-EFV | 2.95 (0.64, 13.71) | 0.16 | 0.54 (0.07, 4.42) | 0.57 |
1c=AZT-3TC-NVP | 0.52 (0.07, 3.98) | 0.53 | 0.39 (0.05, 3.28) | 0.38 |
1d=AZT-3TC-EFV | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.98 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.98 |
1e=TDF-3TC-EFV | 0.51 (0.24, 1.10) | 0.08 | 0.20 (0.07, 0.53) | 0.001 |
1f=TDF+3TC+NVP | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Covariate | Category | Adverse outcome | Retention | Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marital status | Never | 10 (38.5) | 16 (61.5) | 0.78 (0.29, 2.00) | 0.61 | 0.78 (0.30, 0.50) | 0.65 |
Married | 38 (18.4) | 168 (81.6) | 2.15 (1.10, 423) | 0.03 | 2.07 (1.00, 4.40) | 0.06 | |
Separated | 8 (17.4) | 38 (82.6) | 2.31 (0.89, 6.01) | 0.09 | 1.81 (0.70, 5.00) | 0.25 | |
Widowed | 10 (50.0) | 10 (50.0) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.34) | 0.98 | 1.00 (0.90, 1.30) | 0.30 | |
Divorced | 17 (32.7) | 35 (67.3) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
Occupation | Housewife | 7 (12.3) | 50 (87.7) | 3.72 (1.47, 9.40) | 0.005 | 3.34 (2.08, 18.48) | 0.02 |
Daily laborer | 17 (14.9) | 97 (85.1) | 2.97 (0.80, 3.28) | 0.003 | 2.60 (1.22, 5.52) | 0.01 | |
Farmer | 19 (24.4) | 59 (75.6) | 1.62 (0.80, 3.28) | 0.18 | 1.50 (0.72, 3.37) | 0.26 | |
Governmental employee | 5 (22.7) | 17 (77.3) | 1.77 (0.59, 5.36) | 0.31 | 1.80 (0.54, 6.00) | 0.34 | |
Other | 25 (34.2) | 48 (65.8) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
WHO Staging | I | 7 (12.7) | 48 (83.3) | 5.83 (2.10, 16.22) | 0.001 | 6.20 (2.08, 18.48) | 0.001 |
II | 13 (17.3) | 62 (82.7) | 4.05 (1.68, 9.78) | 0.002 | 5.02 (1.94, 10.53) | 0.001 | |
III | 36 (19.7) | 147 (80.3) | 3.47 (1.65, 7.29) | 0.001 | 4.63 (2.04, 10.53) | 0.001 | |
IV | 17 (45.9) | 20 (54.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
Values are presented as number (%). HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ART, antiretroviral therapy.
Values are presented as number (%). WHO, World Health Organization; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization. Log-rank test.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization; AZT, zidovudine; 3TC, lamivudine; D4T, stavudine; NVP, nevirapine; EFV, efavirenz.
Values are presented as number (%). ART, antiretroviral therapy; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization.