Epidemiology and Health

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Changes in food and nutrient intakes in Korean adults before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic : data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Kyungwon Oh, Suyeon Park, Sihyun Park, Sungha Yun, Hongseok Choi, Eun Kyeong Jeong; Epidemiol Health. 2022;e2023015. Published online February 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023015 [Accepted]

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Objectives
This study was to examine the changes in dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes between before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
Methods
A total of 54,995 participants aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2011-2020 KNHANES were included. The 10-year trend (2011-2020) and differences between 2019 and 2020 for dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes were estimated using SAS.
Results
In the past 10 years (2011–2020), the dietary habits (increase in skipping meals and eating out), food intake (increase in meats and decrease in fruits and vegetables), and nutrient intake (increase in fat and decrease in sodium) in adults have changed. When comparing between 2019 and 2020, there were 4.6%p decrease in the eating out more than once a day. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the intakes of food, energy and most of nutrients between 2019 and 2020, except for the proportion of energy intake from fat (1%p increase) and carbohydrate (1%p decrease).
Conclusions
Although a change in dietary habits from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed, food and nutrient intakes have not deteriorated markedly and appear similar to the trends in the past 10 years. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor the effects of changes in dietary habits on health as well as food and nutrient intakes.; Summary

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Key Message

Changes in the management of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: data from the 2010–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Yoonjung Kim, Suyeon Park, Kyungwon Oh, Hongseok Choi, Eun Kyeong Jeong; Epidemiol Health. 2022;e2023014. Published online February 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023014 [Accepted]

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OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to analyze the changes in chronic disease management indicators, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesteremia, from 2010–2020 and before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS
This study included 58,504 individuals aged ≥30 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2020. Trends in the prevalence of chronic diseases and awareness, treatment, and control in persons treated for chronic diseases and the difference in those between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed using the SAS program PROC SURVEYREG.
RESULTS
From 2010–2020, the awareness, treatment, and control in adults aged ≥30 years for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia continuously improved, whereas no significant change in the management indicators of diabetes mellitus was observed. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in men increased from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was no significant change in the management indicators of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in men and women, and the awareness, treatment, and control rates for hypercholesterolemia increased by 5.5%, 6.9%, and 4.1%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia increased, but the management indicators of the chronic diseases did not significantly deteriorate. Considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor changes in chronic disease management indicators and to develop efficient and accessible chronic disease prevention and management programs.; Summary

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Health Statisticses

A comparison of breast cancer survival across different age groups: a multicentric database study in Penang, Malaysia: King Fang Tan, Farzaana Adam, Hasmah Hussin, Noor Mastura Mohd Mujar; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021038. Published online May 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021038

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Abstract

This study compared breast cancer survival and the prognostic factors across different age groups of women in Penang, Malaysia. Data on 2,166 women with breast cancer who had been diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were extracted from the Penang Breast Cancer Registry and stratified into 3 age groups: young (< 40 years old), middle-aged (40-59 years old), and elderly (≥ 60 years). The overall and relative survival rates were calculated using the life table method, median survival time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons between groups were conducted using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year overall and breast cancer-specific survival rates for women with breast cancer in Penang were 72.9% and 75.2%, with a mean survival time of 92.5 months and 95.1 months, respectively. The 5-year breast cancer-specific survival rates for young, middle-aged, and elderly women were 74.9%, 77.8%, and 71.4%, respectively, with a mean survival time of 95.7 months, 97.5 months, and 91.2 months. There was a significant difference in breast cancer survival between age groups, with elderly women showing the lowest survival rate, followed by young and middle-aged women. Disease stage was the most prominent prognostic factor for all age groups. Survival rates and prognostic factors differed according to age group. Treatment planning for breast cancer patients should be age-specific to promote better cancer care and survival.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message
The relationship between breast cancer survival and age at diagnosis has been explored, but information between survival at different age groups remains unclear, in addition to conflicting study results. This multicentre study was conducted to compare breast cancer survival across different age groups in an Asian setting.

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Cancer–related symptoms among young and middle–aged women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer: Application of latent class analysis and network analysis
Tingting Cai, Tingting Zhou, Qingmei Huang, Fulei Wu, Feixia Ni, Changrong Yuan
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 63: 102287. CrossRef
myBeST—A Web-Based Survival Prognostic Tool for Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia: Development Process and Preliminary Validation Study
Mohd Nasrullah Nik Ab Kadir, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Siti Norbayah Yusof, Kamarul Imran Musa, Maya Mazuwin Yahya, Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa, Muhammad Hafizuddin Mamat Azlan, Imi Sairi Ab Hadi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 2985. CrossRef
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Among Latin American Adolescents and Young Adults Compared to Middle-Aged and Elder Females: A Cohort Analysis Over 15 Years
Bryan Valcarcel, J. Smith Torres-Roman, Daniel Enriquez-Vera, Gabriel De-la-Cruz-Ku
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Metabolic Gene Signature to Predict Breast Cancer Prognosis
Jun Lu, Pinbo Liu, Ran Zhang
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of Predictive Models for Survival among Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia
Mohd Nasrullah Nik Ab Kadir, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Siti Norbayah Yusof, Imi Sairi Ab Hadi, Kamarul Imran Musa, Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa, Balqis Bahtiar, Farzaana Adam, Maya Mazuwin Yahya, Suhaily Mohd Hairon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(22): 15335. CrossRef

Estimation of the reproduction number and early prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak in India using a statistical computing approach: Karthick Kanagarathinam, Kavaskar Sekar; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020028. Published online May 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020028

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10 Citations

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe respiratory illness, has become a pandemic. The World Health Organization has declared it a public health crisis of international concern. We developed a susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR) model for COVID-19 to show the importance of estimating the reproduction number (R₀). This work is focused on predicting the COVID-19 outbreak in its early stage in India based on an estimation of R₀. The developed model will help policymakers to take active measures prior to the further spread of COVID-19. Data on daily newly infected cases in India from March 2, 2020 to April 2, 2020 were to estimate R₀ using the earlyR package. The maximum-likelihood approach was used to analyze the distribution of R₀ values, and the bootstrap strategy was applied for resampling to identify the most likely R₀ value. We estimated the median value of R₀ to be 1.471 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.351 to 1.592) and predicted that the new case count may reach 39,382 (95% CI, 34,300 to 47,351) in 30 days.

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Ali AlArjani, Md Taufiq Nasseef, Sanaa M. Kamal, B. V. Subba Rao, Mufti Mahmud, Md Sharif Uddin
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Trends in health-related behaviors of Korean adults: study based on data from the 2008 - 2014 Community Health Surveys: Yang Wha Kang, Yun Sil Ko, Keon Yeop Kim, Changhyun Sung, Dong Han Lee, Eunkyeong Jeong; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015042. Published online September 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015042

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Abstract

Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity (multiple risks) often lead to serious health consequence and impaired health status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend in health-related behavioral factors over time among adults in South Korea (hereafter Korea). The data of 1,595,842 Koreans older than 19 years who participated in the 2008-2014 Korea Community Health Survey were analyzed to assess the trend in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors. Individual or clustering health-related behaviors were assessed according to sex, age, and region among 228,712 adults who participated in the 2014 survey. From 2008 to 2014, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and high-risk alcohol use increased the prevalence of male current smoking and marginally decreased walking ability. Over 7 years, the percentage of adults who reported having all three healthy behaviors (i.e., currently not smoking, not consuming alcohol or having high-risk alcohol use, and engaging in walking) decreased from 35.2% in 2008 to 29.6% in 2014. Increased efforts to emphasize multiple health-related behavioral risk factors, including reducing alcohol use and smoking, and to encourage walking are needed in the thirties and forties age groups in Korea.

Summary

Korean summary
본 논문은 지역사회건강조사를 기반으로 한 우리나라 성인의 지난 7년간 주요건강행태변화와 주요 건강위험요인에 대한 결과를 보여주고 있으며, 각 지역간의 차이를 제시함으로써 지역 보건사업의 필요성을 제시하였다.

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Yueyang Hu, Tingting Gao, Ruilin Cao, Hui Ren, Zeying Qin, Chuanen Li, Leilei Liang, Cuicui Meng, Xinmeng Guo, Jianping Lv, Songli Mei
Sleep and Biological Rhythms.2022; 20(3): 381. CrossRef
Physical Activity Trends in Korean Adults from Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019
Hoyong Sung, Geonhui Kim, Xiaonan Ma, Harim Choe, Yunmin Han, Jiyeon Yoon, Yeun Ryu, Yeon Soo Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5213. CrossRef
Healthcare vulnerability disparities in pancreatic cancer treatment and mortality using the Korean National Sample Cohort: a retrospective cohort study
Sung Hoon Jeong, Hyeon Ji Lee, Choa Yun, Il Yun, Yun Hwa Jung, Soo Young Kim, Hee Seung Lee, Sung-In Jang
BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Primary Hypertension and Risk of Cerebrovascular Diseases with Overweight and Physical Activity in Korean Women: A Longitudinal Study
Nan Su, Yonghwan Kim, Youngin Won
Healthcare.2021; 9(9): 1093. CrossRef
Trends and Correlates of High-Risk Alcohol Consumption and Types of Alcoholic Beverages in Middle-Aged Korean Adults: Results From the HEXA-G Study
Jaesung Choi, Ji-Yeob Choi, Aesun Shin, Sang-Ah Lee, Kyoung-Mu Lee, Juhwan Oh, Joo Yong Park, Jong-koo Lee, Daehee Kang
Journal of Epidemiology.2019; 29(4): 125. CrossRef
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Young-Ho Khang, Jinwook Bahk
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Inhwan Lee, Shinuk Kim, Hyunsik Kang
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Changing trends in colorectal cancer in the Republic of Korea: contrast with Japan: Minjoo Yoon, Nicholas Kim, Byungho Nam, Jungnam Joo, Moran Ki; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015038. Published online August 17, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015038

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer has a high worldwide incidence. Japan, a country that is geographically and culturally similar to the Republic of Korea (here after Korea), has recently reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of colorectal cancer. However, Korea had the highest incidence of colorectal cancer among Asian countries in 2012. Our aim was to observe the changing trends in incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Korea and to compare them to those in Japan. Incidence data were collected from the Korean Central Cancer Registry and mortality data were collected from Korean Statistical Information Service. Incidence and mortality data on colorectal cancer in Japan were acquired from the National Cancer Center in Japan. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were determined based on Segi’s world population. Screening data from both countries were collected from the national cancer center in each country. In Korea, the age-standardized incidence rate of colorectal cancer in both sexes was 20.9 to 38.0 per 100,000 from 1999 to 2012 and the rate in males increased more dramatically than in females. In addition, the increase between 2002 and 2012 was first observed in the age group over 40. In Japan, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been more constant over recent years than in Korea. The age-standardized mortality rate of colorectal cancer in both sexes in Korea was 8.5 to 9.3 per 100,000 from 2000 to 2013, and the trend in mortality was constant during this period. In Japan, the mortality rate decreased slightly during the same period. Crude screening rates were increased overall in both Korea and Japan during the period studied. Since the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased in Korea, the control of this cancer is an important public health issue. As Japan has achieved a reduction in colorectal cancer, adjustment of Korea’s current systems for screening and treatment of colorectal cancer according to those of Japan may contribute to improved colorectal cancer control in Korea.

Summary

Korean summary
우리나라와 지리적, 문화적으로 가까운 일본은 대장암 발생 및 사망이 감소하고 있는 반면, 한국의 대장암 발생은 증가하는 추세이다. 본 연구는 한국의 대장암 발생 및 사망의 경향을 관찰하고, 이를 일본의 경우와 비교하고자 한다

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Statistical methods for measuring trends in colorectal cancer incidence in registries: A systematic review
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International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2018; 33(6): 799. CrossRef
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Changing trends in the incidence (1999-2011) and mortality (1983-2013) of cervical cancer in the Republic of Korea: Yoon Park, Champadeng Vongdala, Jeongseon Kim, Moran Ki; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015024. Published online May 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015024

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Abstract

Cervical cancer is a well-known preventable cancer worldwide. Many countries including Korea have pursued the positive endpoint of a reduction in mortality from cervical cancer. Our aim is to examine changing trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality after the implementation of a national preventive effort in Korea. Cervical cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2011 and mortality data from 1983 to 2013 were collected from the Korean Statistical Information Service. Yearly age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100,000 were compared using two standards: the 2005 Korean population and the world standard population, based on Segi’s world standard for incidence and the World Health Organization for mortality. In Korea, the age-standardized incidence of cervical cancer per 100,000 persons declined from 17.2 in 2000 to 11.8 in 2011. However, the group aged 25 to 29 showed a higher rate in 2011 (ASR, 6.5) than in 2000 (ASR, 3.6). The age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 persons dropped from 2.81 in 2000 to 1.95 in 2013. In the worldwide comparison, the incidence rates remained close to the average incidence estimate of more developed regions (ASR, 9.9). The decreasing mortality trend in Korea approached the lower rate observed in Australia (ASR, 1.4) in 2010. Although the incidence rate of cervical cancer is continuously declining in Korea, it is still high relative to other countries. Moreover, incidence and mortality rates in females aged 30 years or under have recently increased. It is necessary to develop effective policy to reduce both incidence and mortality, particularly in younger age groups.

Summary

Korean summary
한국의 자궁경부암 발생률과 사망률은 꾸준히 감소하고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 한국의 발생률은 여러 선진국에 비해 여전히 높은 수준에 머무르고 있다. 또한, 지난 10년 동안 자궁경부암 사망률은 상대적으로 큰 감소를 보이지 않았다. 특히 35세 미만에서는 자궁경부암 발생률이 감소하지 않았고, 사망률은 오히려 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 젊은 연령층의 자궁경부암 예방과 관리가 필요하다.

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Trends of liver cancer and its major risk factors in Korea: Eun-Young Lee, Tran Thi Xuan Mai, Yoonjung Chang, Moran Ki; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015016. Published online March 11, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015016

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Abstract

The Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) is one of the countries with high incidence of liver cancer and there is great difference in incidence of liver cancer between male and female. We investigated the sex-specific trends of three major risk factors of liver cancer, which are hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The incidence of liver cancer was obtained from the Cancer Registration Statistics of the National Cancer Center of Korea. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity was based on data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Disease statistics from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea were used to evaluate trends in HCV infection and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The prevalence of these risk factors were compared with the incidence of liver cancer. Males had a three to four times higher incidence of liver cancer than females did from 1999 to 2011. This gap between the incidence for males and females increased with age and males aged 50 to 59 showed a five times higher incidence than females of the same age did. In general, HBsAg seropositivity decreased from 1998 to 2011. The prevalence of HCV infections was 96.2 and 90.3 per 100,000 females and males, respectively in 2013. The prevalences of HCV infections from 2009 to 2013 did not substantially differ. The annual average prevalence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis from 2009 to 2013 was 77.22 and 8.90 per 100,000 males and females, respectively; the prevalence among males was 8.7 times higher than that among females. The prevalence rapidly increased with age in males, and males aged 60 to 69 peaked with a 19.2 times higher prevalence than that among females of the same age group. We found that the incidence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, a major risk factor of liver cancer, exhibited a trend similar to that of liver cancer incidence in males, and this trend also differed remarkably by sex.

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Korean summary
한국의 간암 발생 추세에서 나타나는 큰 남녀차이와 관련하여 간암의 주요 위험요소로 평가되는 만성 간염, 음주, 간경변과 관련한 B형간염, C형간염, 알코올성 간경변의 유병률 추세를 살펴본 결과 알코올성 간경변의 유병률 추세에서 간암발생에서와 유사한 큰 남녀차이가 발견되었다.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence is decreasing in Korea but increasing in the very elderly
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Global pattern of trends in incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-incidence ratio rates related to liver cancer, 1990–2019: a longitudinal analysis based on the global burden of disease study
Maedeh Amini, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Elaheh Zarean, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
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Association of the presence of allergic disease with subsequent risk of liver cancer in a nationwide retrospective cohort among Koreans
Ji Ah Kim, Sun Jae Park, Seulggie Choi, Jooyoung Chang, Seogsong Jeong, Joseph C.Ahn, Gyeongsil Lee, Joung Sik Son, Sang Min Park
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Role of Lymphotoxin-α Gene Polymorphism in Hepatitis C Virus-Related Chronic Liver Disorders
Ghada Galal, Hammam Tammam, Amal Abdel Aal, Nahed Fahmy, Abeer Sheneef, Nagwa Ahmed, Amr Zaghloul
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Tong Liu, Wanchao Wang, Haozhe Cui, Miaomiao Sun, Yiming Wang, Xining Liu, Liying Cao, Hai Liu, Siqing Liu
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Minsu Ock, Woong Jae Choi, Min-Woo Jo, Antonio Palazón-Bru
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Maryam Salari, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Farid Zayeri
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Ke Li, Guozhen Lin, Yan Li, Huan Xu
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Stomach cancer incidence rates among Americans, Asian Americans and Native Asians from 1988 to 2011: Yeerae Kim, Jinju Park, Byung-Ho Nam, Moran Ki; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015006. Published online February 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015006

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Abstract

Stomach cancer is the second most common cancer in Eastern Asia, accounting for approximately 50% of all new cases of stomach cancer worldwide. Our objective was to compare the stomach cancer incidence rates of Asian Americans in Los Angeles with those of native Asians to assess the etiology of stomach cancer from 1988 to 2011. To examine these differences, Asian Americans (Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino Americans living in Los Angeles, California, USA) and native Asians (from Korea, Japan, China, and the Philippines) were selected for this study. Using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database, stomach cancer incidence rates were examined. Data from the National Cancer Registry of Korea were used for native Koreans. Between native countries, the incidence rates in Japan, China, the Philippines, and the US declined over time, but the incidence in Korea has remained constant. The incidences among Asian immigrants were lower than those among native Asians. The incidence rates of males were approximately 2 times higher than those among females in Asian countries were. The effect of immigration on stomach cancer incidence suggests that lifestyle factors are a significant determinant of stomach cancer risk. However, the incidence in Korea remains the highest of these countries

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Gene T. Yoshikawa, Nicholas Simon, Ryon K. Nakasone, Jared D. Acoba
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Knowledge Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Health and Prevention Research for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: A Report From the 2021 National Institutes of Health Workshop
Alka M. Kanaya, Ann W. Hsing, Sela V. Panapasa, Namratha R. Kandula, Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Daichi Shimbo, Paul Wang, Scarlett L. Gomez, Jinkook Lee, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Marjorie K.L. Mala Mau, Sonali Bose, Martha L. Daviglus, Frank B. Hu, Nadia Islam
Annals of Internal Medicine.2022; 175(4): 574. CrossRef
Overview of epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and risk factors of gastric cancer in Asia‐Pacific region
Abolfazl Akbari, Sara Ashtari, Seidamir Pasha Tabaiean, Hassan Mehrdad‐Majd, Farnaz Farsi, Sajad Shojaee, Shahram Agah
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 18(6): 493. CrossRef
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Wen Ju, Rongshou Zheng, Siwei Zhang, Hongmei Zeng, Kexin Sun, Shaoming Wang, Ru Chen, Li Li, Wenqiang Wei, Jie He
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Trends in cigarette smoking among adolescents and adults in South Korea: Sunhye Choi, Yoonjung Kim, Suyeon Park, Jihye Lee, Kyungwon Oh; Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014023. Published online October 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014023

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Abstract

This report is to examine changes in the smoking prevalence among adults and adolescents and provide basic data for national health policies. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1998 to 2013 and Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2005 to 2013 were used to estimate national adults and adolescents smoking prevalence. In 2013, current cigarette smoking prevalence among male adults and female adults was 42.1% and 6.2%, decreasing by 1.6% points and 1.7% points, respectively compared to 2012. Among adolescents, current cigarette smoking prevalence was 14.4% for male and 4.6% for female students, decreasing by 1.9%points and 1.3%points, respectively compared to 2012. The highest current cigarette smoking prevalence was observed among adults of lower household income or lower education level and among middle and high school students of lower perceived household economic status or lower perceived academic records. Current cigarette smoking prevalence among male adults has decreased since 2011, whereas among female adults, there were no statistically significant annual changes. Among middle and high school students, the prevalence for male students decreased since 2011 and for female students decreased since 2006. But the smoking prevalence did not meet the Health Plan 2020 target.

Summary

Korean summary
국민건강영양조사(1998~2013)와 청소년건강행태온라인조사(2005~2013) 원시자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 2013년 현재흡연율은 성인의 경우 남자 42.1%, 여자 6.2%, 중고등학생은 남자 14.4%, 여자 4.6%이었다. 사회경제적요인별로는 성인의 경우 소득수준이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 낮을수록 현재흡연율이 높았고, 중고등학생은 주관적 가정의 경제적 상태가 낮을수록, 주관적 학업성적이 낮을수록 흡연율이 높았다.

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