Epidemiology and Health

COVID-19: Brief Communication

Clinical severity according to the primary infection variant in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Korea: Myung-Jae Hwang, Insob Hwang, Chungmin Park, Hanul Park, Taejong Son, Jong-Hun Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023007. Published online December 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023007

1,467 View
175 Download

Abstract Summary PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the severity of suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection according to variants of concern in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daegu, Korea.
METHODS
The database of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported from epidemiological investigations through the integrated system operated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, from January 20, 2020 to May 7, 2022 was combined with data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service system. The severity odds ratio (SOR) in secondary infection episodes compared with primary infection was estimated using a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution.
RESULTS
In all patients, the SOR of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 0.95), and the severity was lower than in the first infection. Patients who had been vaccinated within 91 days showed a more attenuated SOR (0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98). However, despite vaccination, in patients with both primary and secondary infections caused by the Omicron variant, the severity was reduced to a lesser extent than in patients primarily infected with other variants.
CONCLUSIONS
We could make efforts to relieve the severity of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations, in which death is more likely, by recommending booster vaccinations in case of a resurgence.; Summary

Korean summary
국내 COVID-19 확진자들의 중증도 증가 위험은 재감염(2차감염) 시 감소하였지만, 1차감염과 재감염 모두 오미크론론 변이가 우세하였던 시기인 경우에는 오히려 증가하였다. 특히 마지막 예방접종일로부터 91일 이상인 확진자들과 60세이상 인구에서는 중증도 증가 위험이 더 높았다. 우리는 COVID-19가 장기화됨에 따라 취약인구집단에 대해 추가 예방접종을 권고함으로써 재감염시 중증도가 증가하는 것을 예방해야 할 필요가 있다.

Key Message
As COVID-19 prolongs, there is a need to recommend booster vaccinations for vulnerable populations to prevent the potential for increased severity in the event of reinfection.

Review

Monkeypox: the resurgence of forgotten things: Sun Bean Kim, Jaehun Jung, Kyong Ran Peck; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022082. Published online September 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022082

1,417 View
112 Download
1 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

Monkeypox, a rare zoonotic disease, is primarily prevalent in Central and Western Africa. However, monkeypox is emerging as a worldwide concern due to the 2022 monkeypox outbreak, which is the first instance of widespread community transmission outside Africa. Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus and presents as a vesicular-pustular disease that may be preceded by fever, malaise, and other constitutional symptoms. If present, lymphadenopathy may distinguish it from chickenpox or smallpox. However, contrary to previous manifestations, most monkeypox patients presented with atypical features during the 2022 outbreak. Monkeypox is usually a self-limiting disease with symptoms lasting between 2 weeks and 4 weeks and is mainly transmitted when a person comes into contact with an infected animal, person, or fomites contaminated with the virus. Very few treatment options are available for this disease. Tecovirimat has been licensed in some countries for the treatment of smallpox and monkeypox infections. Two other medications, cidofovir and brincidofovir, have been found to be effective against poxviruses in in vitro and animal studies, but data on human cases of monkeypox are limited. Although Imvamune (JYNNEOS), a vaccine against monkeypox, is authorized in the United States, there are currently no established routine vaccination programs. Current preventive strategies focus on the detection of probable cases and containment of the outbreak through the implementation of selected ring vaccination programs. Fundamental principles to prevent the spread of monkeypox, including maintaining personal hygiene and avoiding close contact with symptomatic patients, are of paramount importance.

Summary

Korean summary
원숭이두창은 orthopoxvirus에 속하는 원숭이두창 바이러스에 의해 발생하며, 중앙아프리카와 서아프리카에서 주로 발견되는 희귀한 인수공통감염병이었으나 2022년에 집단 발병했던 원숭이두창 환자들은 이전부터 널리 알려진 증세와 달리 비전형적인 임상 특징을 보이고 있고, 전 세계적으로 아프리카와의 역학적 연관성없이 아프리카 이외의 여러 지역에서 원숭이두창이 집단 발병하면서 보건학적 화두로 대두되었다. 원숭이두창에 대한 치료는 증상 호전을 위한 대증 요법이 주가 되며, 매우 제한적인 항바이러스제가 치료 약제로 이용된다. 2019년 미국에서 Imvamune (Jynneos)가 성인을 대상으로 원숭이두창 백신으로 사용이 승인되었다. 하지만 예방 접종뿐만 아니라 손씻기 등의 개인위생 유지, 의심 혹은 확진 환자와의 긴밀한 접촉을 피하는 것 등이 원숭이두창 확산을 막기 위한 가장 중요한 기본 원칙이다.

Key Message
Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus and presents as a vesicular-pustular disease that may be preceded by fever, malaise, and other constitutional symptoms. Contrary to previous manifestations, most monkeypox patients presented with atypical features during the 2022 outbreak. Very few treatment options are available for this disease and current preventive strategies focus on the detection of probable cases and containment of the outbreak through the implementation of selected ring vaccination programs. Fundamental principles to prevent the spread of monkeypox, including maintaining personal hygiene and avoiding close contact with symptomatic patients, are of paramount importance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

An International Outburst of New Form of Monkeypox Virus
Kiran Dobhal, Pallavi Ghildiyal, A.N.M. Ansori, Vikash Jakhmola
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2022; 16(suppl 1): 3013. CrossRef

COVID-19: Original Article

Maternal vaccine hesitancy towards COVID-19 immunisation of children in Qatar: a population-based cross-sectional study: Shuja Reagu, Suruchi Mohan, Johnny Awwad, Majid Alabdulla; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022056. Published online July 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022056

3,265 View
173 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted in Qatar to explore beliefs and attitudes among mothers towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination for their children and to understand major factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among these mothers.

METHODS

A population-based, online cross-sectional survey was conducted between 15 October and 15 November 2020. A composite questionnaire incorporating a validated vaccine hesitancy tool was developed and administered in both English and Arabic. Approval was obtained from the local ethics committee. Participation was voluntary and offered to all adult residents of Qatar through an online link available on social media platforms and local news portals. Only adult respondents who self-identified as mothers were included in the present study. No personal identifying data were collected.

RESULTS

Of the mothers surveyed, 29.4% exhibited COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy regarding their children. This exceeded these mothers’ rate of personal vaccine hesitancy (27.5%). Hesitancy rates varied significantly with ethnicity, with the highest among Qatari mothers (51.3%). Intention to vaccinate children did not differ significantly between mothers who accepted the vaccine for themselves and those who did not. Overall, the main reported concerns related to long-term vaccine safety. To a significant extent, mothers relied most on self-directed research on vaccine safety for decision-making.

CONCLUSIONS

The rate of maternal COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy exceeded both those mothers’ rate of personal vaccine hesitancy and the hesitancy rate in the general population. The intention to vaccinate children was independent of maternal vaccination history. Factors influencing maternal vaccine hesitancy differ from those influencing personal hesitancy and require an informed public health response.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Key Lessons from COVID-19: A Narrative Review Describing Qatar’s Multifactorial Approach in Executing a Vaccination Campaign
Soha Albayat, Muna Almaslamani, Hamad Alromaihi, Hayat Khogali, Jesha Mundodan, Jean Joury, Hammam Haridy
Vaccines.2023; 11(5): 953. CrossRef

COVID-19: Original Article

The vaccination coverage rate in under-5 children in Nasiriyah, Iraq before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Ali Rifaat Alhaddad, Elham Ahmadnezhad, Akbar Fotouhi; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022035. Published online March 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022035

5,049 View
288 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

providOBJECTIVES: This study compared the vaccination coverage rate (VCR) in children under 5 years old in Nasiriyah, Iraq before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Nasiriyah in southeastern Iraq, with data collected from 79 primary healthcare facilities. This study evaluated the VCR in 3 periods (2018, 2019, and 2020) using multi-level random sampling. Pertinent data were extracted from the vaccination records of 598 children for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG); pentavalent 1, 2, and 3; measles; and activated oral poliovirus vaccine 1 and 2. Missing data were completed by telephone calls to participants’ parents. Logistic regression was applied to compare and estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between VCR and related factors.

RESULTS

The data showed the greatest decline in the studied vaccines in 2020. Among the vaccines studied, BCG had the highest rate in all 3 periods (100% VCR) and measles had the lowest rate (83.7%), reaching 63.6% in 2020 (p<0.001). The highest OR among all types of vaccine were found for the pentavalent-3 vaccine among city dwellers and those born in 2020 (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.10 and OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 4.28, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The VCR for children decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq, and new health policies are needed to increase the coverage rate. Improving the knowledge and attitudes of parents, as well as removing barriers or risk factors, can also be effective in improving the VCR.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message
Vaccination is one of the most important essential health services. COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the coverage of vaccination among under five.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Current Impact and Long-Term Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Iraqi Healthcare Systems: A Case Study
Taysir Al Janabi, Sunny Chung
Epidemiologia.2022; 3(4): 412. CrossRef
Dropout of Vaccination Among Iraqi Children
Maha. A. Kadim, Anees Flayyih Abdulhasan, Zainab Abdulameer Abdulrasol, Ali Fadhil Obaid
South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities.2022; 3(6): 163. CrossRef

COVID-19: Perspective

Enhancing COVID-19 vaccination coverage using financial incentives: arguments to help health providers counterbalance erroneous claims: Jelena Dotlic, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Paul Cummins, Marija Milic, Tatjana Gazibara; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021081. Published online October 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021081

5,252 View
117 Download
5 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

Financial reimbursements after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine have been criticized in the literature. This strategy has been described as payment to receive the vaccines, undue inducement, and unethical. We are aware that healthcare workers who work in primary healthcare, prevention, and public health may encounter similar reasons from people who refuse vaccination against COVID-19. For this reason, we are compelled to clarify these claims and provide arguments for all healthcare workers who might be challenged by such reasoning. In this critical review, we discuss why the claims against financial incentives that have been presented in the literature are erroneous.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message
When assessing the ethics of financial incentives to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, we must not confuse matters by invoking ethical concepts that are not relevant to this public health issue; calling a financial incentive an "undue inducement" is a mistake because it assumes that it would distort a potential recipient’s judgment to take on unacceptable risk, when these vaccines have already been tested and authorized by regulatory agencies, which suggests the risk is not substantial, but quite the opposite - they benefit the recipients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
Gabriela K. Khazanov, Rebecca Stewart, Matteo F. Pieri, Candice Huang, Christopher T. Robertson, K. Aleks Schaefer, Hansoo Ko, Jessica Fishman
Preventive Medicine.2023; 172: 107538. CrossRef
Mandatory and seasonal vaccination against COVID-19: Attitudes of the vaccinated people in Serbia
Verica Jovanovic, Marija Milic, Jelena Dotlic, Smiljana Cvjetkovic, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Natasa Maksimovic, Maja Sekulic, Tatjana Gazibara
Epidemiology and Infection.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Letter to the Editor: Financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination
Hyuncheol Bryant Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021088. CrossRef
Letter to the Editor: Enhancing COVID-19 vaccination coverage using financial incentives: arguments to help health providers counterbalance erroneous claims
Yong-jun Choi
Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021087. CrossRef
Authors’ Reply: Vaccination, payment, and COVID-19
Jelena Dotlic, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Paul Cummins, Marija Milic, Tatjana Gazibara
Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021100. CrossRef

COVID-19: Original Article

Risk of COVID-19 transmission in heterogeneous age groups and effective vaccination strategy in Korea: a mathematical modeling study: Youngsuk Ko, Jacob Lee, Yubin Seo, Eunok Jung; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021059. Published online September 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021059

5,582 View
122 Download
3 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to analyze the possibility and conditions of maintaining an effective reproductive number below 1 using a mathematical model.

METHODS

The total population was divided into five age groups (0-17, 18-29, 30-59, 60-74, and ≥75 years). Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was used to estimate the transmission rate of each age group. Mathematical model simulation was conducted until December 31, 2021, by establishing various strategies for vaccination and social distancing without considering variants.

RESULTS

MLE results revealed that the group aged 0-17 years had a lower risk of transmission than other age groups, and the older age group had relatively high risks of infection. If 70% of the population will be vaccinated by the end of 2021, then simulations showed that even if social distancing was eased, the effective reproductive number would remain below 1 near August if it was not at the level of the third re-spreading period. However, if social distancing was eased and it reached the level of the re-spreading period, the effective reproductive number could be below 1 at the end of 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

Considering both stable and worsened situations, simulation results emphasized that sufficient vaccine supply and control of the epidemic by maintaining social distancing to prevent an outbreak at the level of the re-spreading period are necessary to minimize mortality and maintain the effective reproductive number below 1.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 질병관리청에서 제공하는 개별 확진자 데이터에 확률통계적 방법을 적용하여 연령군 간의 감염전파 행렬을 추정하였으며 연령군을 고려한 수리모델에 적용되었다. 본 연구에서 우리는 2020년 10월부터 2021년 5월까지 한국에서의 코로나19 유행상황을 정책 구간에 따라 분석하였으며 이를 토대로 거리두기 완화 수준에 따라 거리두기 완화 상태에서도 지속적으로 유효감염재생산지수가 1보다 작아지는 시점이 달라질 수 있음을 보인다.

Key Message
In this research, we estimated age-group-specified transmission rate matrix by applying maximum likelihood estimation into individual based data which was provided by Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Our model simulation showed the moment, when the effective reproductive number is consistently below 1 even the distancing is eased, is ranged from August to the end of 2021 depending on the intensity of the social distancing during eased phase.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 Transmission and Intervention in South Korea: A Review of Literature
Hyojung Lee, Sol Kim, Minyoung Jeong, Eunseo Choi, Hyeonjeong Ahn, Jeehyun Lee
Yonsei Medical Journal.2023; 64(1): 1. CrossRef
Quantifying the Effects of Non-Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Interventions Against Covid-19 Epidemic in the Republic of Korea: Mathematical Model-Based Approach Considering Age Groups and the Delta Variant
Youngsuk Ko, Victoria May P. Mendoza, Yubin Seo, Jacob Lee, Yeonju Kim, Donghyok Kwon, Eunok Jung, E. Augeraud, M. Banerjee, J.-S. Dhersin, A. d'Onofrio, T. Lipniacki, S. Petrovskii, Chi Tran, A. Veber-Delattre, E. Vergu, V. Volpert
Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena.2022; 17: 39. CrossRef
Dietary Behavior and Diet Quality in the Korean Adult Population by Income Level before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2020)
Hye-Min Na, Bok-Mi Jung
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(3): 397. CrossRef

Original Articles

Estimating the medical capacity required to administer mass prophylaxis: a hypothetical outbreak of smallpox virus infection in Korea: Sangwoo Tak, Soomin Lim, Heesu Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019044. Published online October 10, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019044

7,305 View
156 Download

Abstract Summary PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate the medical surge capacity required for mass prophylaxis based on a hypothetical outbreak of smallpox.
METHODS
We performed a simulation using the Bioterrorism and Epidemic Outbreak Response Model and varied some important parameters, such as the number of core medical personnel and the number of dispensing clinics.
RESULTS
Gaps were identified in the medical surge capacity of the Korean government, especially in the number of medical personnel who could respond to the need for mass prophylaxis against smallpox.
CONCLUSIONS
The Korean government will need to train 1,000 or more medical personnel for such an event, and will need to prepare many more dispensing centers than are currently available.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 이미 박멸된 감염병인 두창이 발생됨을 가상하여 대규모 백신접종의 시나리오를 바탕으로 의료인력과 접종에 필요한 보건의료시설의 가용여부를 분석하였다. 두창 발생 1년 이내에 전국민의 70%를 대상으로 백신접종을 완료하기 위해서는 최소 1,000 명 이상의 훈련된 의료인력이 필요하며, 현재 병의원 시설을 포함하여 보건소 등을 백신 접종을 위한 시설로 활용하기 위해서 체계적인 대비노력이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 한국정부의 대비역량에 대한 좀 더 면밀한 분석이 요구된다.

Key Message

Why do some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children?: Kyujin Chang, Soon Young Lee; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019031. Published online July 9, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019031

10,732 View
278 Download
16 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Vaccinations for infectious diseases are opposed despite their achievement, and this opposition has recently been revealed in Korea. However, research in Korea has not been vigorous. The authors studied why some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children by applying the health belief model.

METHODS

Parents who hesitate to vaccinate and parents who do not were surveyed in alternative education preschools and elementary schools. They were classified into four types of hesitancy and statistically compared.

RESULTS

Among the 129 subjects, 43 vaccinated without hesitancy, 20 vaccinated on time with hesitancy, 32 vaccinated with a deliberate delay of one month or longer, and 34 did not vaccinate. Vaccination increased with an increase in the awareness that severe outcomes can occur when unvaccinated. Concerns about adverse reactions from vaccinations or direct/indirect experiences affected refusal. Furthermore, perceptions of the lack of meaningfulness of vaccinations, distrust of policy and safety management, influence of leaders or activists in joined organizations, and experts of Korean traditional or alternative medicine affected refusal. Explanations by doctors, text messages and mails from institutions, and concerns about disadvantages caused by not complying with government policies increased vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS

The reasons for vaccine hesitancy and acceptance were similar to the results of international research. Health authorities and professionals should communicate sufficiently and appropriately with hesitant parents and find ways to rationally resolve social conflicts. However, this sample was small and there is little Korean research, so more in-depth and diverse researchs are needed.

Summary

Korean summary
한국에도 있는 일부 소아 예방접종 망설임 부모들이 왜 그렇게 생각하고 결정하는지, 대안교육시설에서 129명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 예방접종 부작용 우려나 경험, 의미 격하, 정책 및 안전관리 불신, 관련 활동가, 한의학이나 대체의학 전문가가 미접종에 영향을 주었다. 보건관계자들은 망설임 부모들과 충분하고 적절한 의사소통을 하여, 사회적 갈등을 합리적으로 해소하는 방안을 찾아야 한다.

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Çocukluk Çağı Asılarının Kabulünü Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Aşı Reddi
Reyhan AYDIN DOĞAN, Yılmaz ALTUNER, Yıldız ÖĞÜTÜCÜ, Nazlıcan AYDOĞDU, Zeynep ELLİALTIOĞLU, İrem TUNÇ, Hilal ZORLU
Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Toplumdaki Bireylerin Aşı Uygulamalarına Karşı Tutumları ile Covid-19 Salgını Sonrası Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi
Berna BAYIR, Fatma Nur YAĞIZ, Rabia ÇAT, Gülnur ÇAT
Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 7(1): 38. CrossRef
Gap between cognitions and behaviors among children’s guardians of influenza vaccination: The role of social influence and vaccine-related knowledge
Jing Wu, Zheng Wei, Yingying Yang, Xiu Sun, Siyi Zhan, Qijing Jiang, Chuanxi Fu
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Maternal perceptions of vaccinating boys against human papillomavirus (HPV) in Seoul, South Korea: A descriptive exploratory qualitative study
Jihye Choi, Christine Markham, Irene Tamí-Maury, Sooyoun Kim, Paula Cuccaro, Omar Enzo Santangelo
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(3): e0282811. CrossRef
Vaccine hesitancy and emerging parental norms: A qualitative study in Taiwan
Chen‐I Kuan
Sociology of Health & Illness.2022; 44(3): 692. CrossRef
A systematic literature review to clarify the concept of vaccine hesitancy
Daphne Bussink-Voorend, Jeannine L. A. Hautvast, Lisa Vandeberg, Olga Visser, Marlies E. J. L. Hulscher
Nature Human Behaviour.2022; 6(12): 1634. CrossRef
Models of determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in non-pregnant and pregnant population: Review of current literature”
Lauren Tostrud, Julia Thelen, Anna Palatnik
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A content analysis of government social media platforms in England and Italy during 2020–2021
Giulia Sesa, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Antonio Giangreco, John Middleton
Public Health in Practice.2022; 4: 100345. CrossRef
Çocukluk Çağı Aşı Tereddüdü ile Karşılaşma Sıklığı, Nedenleri ve Çözüm Önerileri: Samsun İli Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerindeki Sağlık Çalışanlarıyla Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Mehtap ALTUNTAŞ, Mustafa Kürşat ŞAHİN
Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2022; : 761. CrossRef
Physical and mental health characteristics related to trust and intention toward COVID-19 vaccine: results from a community-based longitudinal study
Ye Jin Jeon, Youngrong Lee, Ji Su Yang, Young Su Park, Sun Jae Jung
Epidemiology and Health.2022; : e2022064. CrossRef
Paradoxical health care utilization patterns among children in Korea who did not receive mandatory pneumococcal vaccination
Sangho Sohn, Kwan Hong, Hari Hwang, Byung Chul Chun
Vaccine.2021; 39(7): 1096. CrossRef
Differential Demographic and Clinical Characteristics between MMR Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children in South Korea: A Nationwide Study
Dongwon Yoon, Juhwan Kim, Juyoung Shin
Vaccines.2021; 9(6): 653. CrossRef
Determinants of parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in China
Mei-Xian Zhang, Xiao-Qing Lin, Yan Chen, Tao-Hsin Tung, Jian-Sheng Zhu
Expert Review of Vaccines.2021; 20(10): 1339. CrossRef
Aşı Karşıtı Tutumların Sosyokültürel ve Dinî Boyutları
Talip DEMİR
Tevilat.2021; 2(2): 271. CrossRef
Mapping global trends in vaccine confidence and investigating barriers to vaccine uptake: a large-scale retrospective temporal modelling study
Alexandre de Figueiredo, Clarissa Simas, Emilie Karafillakis, Pauline Paterson, Heidi J Larson
The Lancet.2020; 396(10255): 898. CrossRef
World Outbreak Trend of Infectious Diseases with Surveillance
Soo-Yeon Choi, Jung Heon Kim, Jiyeon Kim, Eung-Soo Hwang
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2019; 49(3): 141. CrossRef

The coverage rates for influenza vaccination and related factors in Korean adults aged 50 and older with chronic disease: based on 2016 Community Health Survey data: Kyeong Hyang Byeon, Jaiyong Kim, Boyoung Choi, Bo Youl Choi; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018034. Published online July 24, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018034

9,766 View
209 Download
14 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to identify the coverage rates for influenza vaccination and related factors depending on chronic disease in Korean adults aged 50 and older.

METHODS

The 2016 Korea Community Health Survey was used for analysis. Chi-square test was performed to investigate the coverage rates for influenza vaccination depending on chronic disease, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with influenza vaccination, by chronic disease.

RESULTS

In men with ≥1 chronic disease, 39.8% of 50-64 years of age, and 86.8% of elderly (over 65 years of age) received influenza vaccination. In women with ≥1 chronic disease, 58.7% of 50-64 years of age, and 89.9% of elderly (over 65 years of age) received influenza vaccination (p<0.001). The chronic diseases associated with influenza vaccination were hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.37), diabetes (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.55) in men aged 50-64, hypertension (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.49), diabetes (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33), chronic cardiovascular disease (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.60) in elderly (over 65 years of age). In women aged 50-64, hypertension (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.49), diabetes (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.68), chronic cardiovascular disease (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.64), and hypertension (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.40 to 1.71), diabetes (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.43) in elderly (over 65 years of age).

CONCLUSIONS

Populations in aged 50-64 are recommendation subject for vaccination or classified as high-risk group in case with chronic disease. Though subject over 60 years old is age close to the elderly, the coverage rates for vaccination was low. It is necessary to devise strategies to raise the coverage rates for vaccination.

Summary

Korean summary
매년 인플루엔자 환자수는 증가하는 추세이며 인플루엔자로 인한 의료이용의 질병부담은 커질 것으로 생각된다. 국내에서는 우선접종 권장대상자들에게 예방접종을 받도록 권고하고 있으며, 예방접종은 인플루엔자를 예방할 수 있는 비용 효과적인 방법이다. 65세 이상 대상자는 국가 무료 예방접종 사업 대상으로 인해 예방접종률이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 50-64세 인구는 예방접종 권고 대상자임에도 불구하고 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 50-64세 연령에서 만성질환을 동반할 경우 고위험군이지만 여전히 낮은 예방접종률을 보였다. 또한 50-64세 연령에서 1개 이상 만성질환을 동반할 경우 대도시, 중소도시에 거주하는 것보다 군지역에 거주할 경우 높은 예방접종률을 확인함으로써 대도시 및 중소도시에 거주하는 50-64세 연령에 대해 예방접종률을 올릴 수 있는 적극적인 예방접종 홍보가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Attributable to Seasonal Influenza: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study
Heeseon Jang, Jaelim Cho, Seong-Kyung Cho, Donghan Lee, Sung-il Cho, Sang-Baek Koh, Dong-Chun Shin, Changsoo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination Strategies in Adults: Older Adults Aged ≥65 Years, Adults Aged 50–64 Years, and At-Risk Adults Aged 19–64 Years
Min Joo Choi, Gyeongseon Shin, Daewon Kang, Jae-Ok Lim, Yun-Kyung Kim, Won Suk Choi, Jae-Won Yun, Ji Yun Noh, Joon Young Song, Woo Joo Kim, Sang-Eun Choi, Hee Jin Cheong
Vaccines.2022; 10(3): 445. CrossRef
Assessing Vaccine Protection for Older Adults with Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Leena Almasri, Barbara J. Holtzclaw
Western Journal of Nursing Research.2022; 44(6): 582. CrossRef
Drivers of and barriers to routine adult vaccination: A systematic literature review
Amanda L. Eiden, Jane Barratt, Mawuli K. Nyaku
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with influenza vaccination coverage and willingness in the elderly with chronic diseases in Shenzhen, China
Hongbiao Chen, Qiushuang Li, Minyi Zhang, Zihao Gu, Xiaofeng Zhou, He Cao, Fei Wu, Minyi Liang, Liting Zheng, Juxian Xian, Qing Chen, Qihui Lin
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of health determinants in the influenza vaccination uptake among older adults (65+): a scope review
Regina Roller-Wirnsberger, Sonja Lindner, Lea Kolosovski, Elisabeth Platzer, Peter Dovjak, Holger Flick, Chariklia Tziraki, Maddalena Illario
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2021; 33(8): 2123. CrossRef
Factors Related to Influenza Vaccination Intention in University Students Based on Theory of Planned Behavior
Yeojoo Chae, Sunjoo Kim, Seungkyoung Yang
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(1): 64. CrossRef
Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Northwest Mexico and the Relationship Between the Influenza Vaccine and the Survival of Infected Patients
Uriel A. Angulo-Zamudio, Francisco M. Martínez-Villa, Nidia Leon-Sicairos, Hector Flores-Villaseñor, Jorge Velazquez-Roman, Abraham Campos-Romero, Jonathan Alcántar-Fernández, Francisco Urrea, Secundino Muro-Amador, Julio Medina-Serrano, Jesus J. Martinez
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Older Adults with Hypertension in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Qiushuang Li, Minyi Zhang, Hongbiao Chen, Fei Wu, Juxian Xian, Liting Zheng, Minyi Liang, He Cao, Xiaofeng Zhou, Zihao Gu, Qihui Lin, Qing Chen
Vaccines.2021; 9(10): 1105. CrossRef
A Nationwide Survey on the Hospital Vaccination Policies in Korea
Sun Hee Park, Mi Suk Lee, Sung Ran Kim, Yee Gyung Kwak
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Possibilities for Coronavirus (COVID 19) – The Perspectives
Mark Christopher Arokiaraj
SSRN Electronic Journal .2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation of Influenza Vaccination and the COVID-19 Severity
Mark Christopher Arokiaraj
SSRN Electronic Journal .2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Considering Interim Interventions to Control COVID-19 Associated Morbidity and Mortality—Perspectives
Mark Christopher Arokiaraj
Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Increasing Influenza Vaccination Rates in People With Chronic Illness
Linda Sanftenberg, Felix Brombacher, Jörg Schelling, Stefanie J. Klug, Jochen Gensichen
Deutsches Ärzteblatt international.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Epidemiologic Investigation

Vaccination history in elementary school children enrolled in the varicella epidemic investigations held in Jeju-si, Korea in the first half of 2017: Hyun-Suk Oh, Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017053. Published online November 13, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017053

9,367 View
194 Download
4 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The reported incidence rate of varicella infection in Jeju-do is higher compared with the national average. This study aimed to examine varicella vaccination history and evaluate clinical manifestation of varicella cases in Jeju-do.

METHODS

Based on the guideline suggested by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), two epidemic investigations for varicella infection were conducted in the first half of 2017. The history of varicella vaccination was confirmed using the Integrated Control System for Diseases and Health operated by the KCDC.

RESULTS

Out of a total of 60 elementary school children as the study subjects, all had been previously vaccinated against varicella. Twenty cases (33%) showed mild clinical manifestations and no complications.

CONCLUSIONS

As the government of Jeju-do has supplied a single-labeled vaccine since 2011, there is a need to evaluate the type of vaccination failure such as primary or secondary.

Summary

Korean summary
수두 발생 신고률에 있어 제주도는 전국에 비해 높은 수준을 보이고 있지만, 수둑접종률은 전국과 유사한 수준이다. 이에 2017년 상반기 수두 집단발생에 대응한 2건의 역학조사를 수행한 결과, 33%에서 돌발수두 임상 증상을 보였고 모두 백신 접종력이 있었다. 높은 발생 신고률은 지역사회 소아 개원의들의 높은 신고에 의한 것으로 유추할 수 있으며, 수두 백신 실패에 대한 추후 조사가 필요하다.

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children
Lin Luan, Xiaochen Shen, Jing Qiu, Yang Jing, Jingqi Zhang, Jie Wang, Jun Zhang, Chen Dong
BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal varicella vaccination in Turkey using a dynamic transmission model
Lara J. Wolfson, Vincent J. Daniels, Matthew Pillsbury, Zafer Kurugöl, Cuneyt Yardimci, Jeffrey Kyle, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Georges M.G.M. Verjans
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(8): e0220921. CrossRef
Incidence of varicella in children in Jeju-do, Korea, 2005-2016: age-period-cohort analysis
Jinhee Kim, Ji-Eun Kim, Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2018; 40: e2018054. CrossRef
Analysis of sero-epidemiological characteristics of varicella in healthy children in Jiangsu Province, China
Lei Zhang, Wang Ma, Yuanbao Liu, Yong Wang, Xiang Sun, Ying Hu, Xiuying Deng, Peishan Lu, Fenyang Tang, Zhiguo Wang, Minghao Zhou
BMC Infectious Diseases.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

The exposure rate to hepatitis B and C viruses among medical waste handlers in three government hospitals, southern Ethiopia: Anteneh Amsalu, Mesfin Worku, Endale Tadesse, Techalew Shimelis; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016001. Published online January 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016001

17,322 View
254 Download
15 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among medical waste handlers.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. A total of 152 medical waste handlers (MWH) and 82 non-medical waste handlers (NMWH) were studied. Serum samples were collected from participants and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and anti-HCV using rapid immunochromatography assay. MWH were also screened for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs).

RESULTS

The respective prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV was 1.3%, 39.4%, and 0.7% in MWH, compared to 2.4%, 17.1%, and 1.2%, respectively, in NMWH. Among MWH, 58.6% were susceptible to HBV infection. There was a significant difference in the rate of lifetime exposure to HBV in MWH compared with NMWH (odds ratio [OR], 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 6.13). However, there was no significant difference between participant groups with respect to current HBV infection (OR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.07 to 3.86) or anti-HCV (OR, 0.54; 95%CI, 0.03 to 8.69). Age older than 40 years and working in a hospital laundry were independent predictors of lifetime exposure to HBV infection. Eleven (7.2%) respondents were vaccinated against HBV.

CONCLUSIONS

Lifetime exposure to HBV infection was significantly higher in MWH than in NMWH. The majority of MWH was not vaccinated against HBV and thus remains susceptible to contracting the infection. Screening upon hire followed by vaccination of MWH is recommended to reduce the transmission of HBV.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Medical and healthcare waste generation, storage, treatment and disposal: a systematic scoping review of risks to occupational and public health
Ed Cook, Anne Woolridge, Petra Stapp, Sarah Edmondson, Costas A. Velis
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology.2023; 53(15): 1452. CrossRef
Occurrence and transport of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater streams and its detection and remediation by chemical-biological methods
Sayan Bhattacharya, Kumar Abhishek, Shilpi Samiksha, Prabhakar Sharma
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances.2023; 9: 100221. CrossRef
Healthcare Waste—A Serious Problem for Global Health
Edyta Janik-Karpinska, Rachele Brancaleoni, Marcin Niemcewicz, Wiktor Wojtas, Maurizio Foco, Marcin Podogrocki, Michal Bijak
Healthcare.2023; 11(2): 242. CrossRef
Elucidating the role of environmental management of forests, air quality, solid waste and wastewater on the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2
Khaled Al Huraimel, Mohamed Alhosani, Hetasha Gopalani, Shabana Kunhabdulla, Mohammed Hashem Stietiya
Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances.2022; 3: 100006. CrossRef
Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study
Degu Abate Mengiste, Abebe Tolera Dirbsa, Behailu Hawulte Ayele, Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis
BMC Infectious Diseases.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Viral Infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Teshiwal Deress, Yihenew Million, Teshome Belachew, Mohabaw Jemal, Mekonnen Girma, Gianandrea Pasquinelli
The Scientific World Journal.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Managing medical waste in Ghana – the reality
Justice Kofi Debrah, Ivaní Nadir Carlotto, Diogo Guedes Vidal, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis
International Journal of Environmental Studies.2021; : 1. CrossRef
Medical waste handling and hepatitis B virus infection: A meta-analysis
Ahmed Arafa, Ehab S. Eshak
American Journal of Infection Control.2020; 48(3): 316. CrossRef
An updated min-review on environmental route of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Edris Hoseinzadeh, Safoura Javan, Mahdi Farzadkia, Farshid Mohammadi, Hooshyar Hossini, Mahmoud Taghavi
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2020; 202: 111015. CrossRef
A Path to Ending Hepatitis C in Ethiopia: A Phased Public Health Approach to Achieve Micro-Elimination
Belaynew Wasie Taye
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 101(5): 963. CrossRef
Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health-care workers in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Asa Auta, Emmanuel O. Adewuyi, Gbednet T. Kureh, Nguavese Onoviran, Davies Adeloye
Vaccine.2018; 36(32): 4851. CrossRef
Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among health care workers and medical waste handlers in primary hospitals of North-west Ethiopia
Endalew Yizengaw, Tamyalew Getahun, Mekuanint Geta, Wondemagegn Mulu, Mulat Ashagrie, Derese Hailu, Shibabaw Tedila
BMC Research Notes.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Healthcare Waste Management: A Case Study from Sudan
Ahmed Hassan, Terry Tudor, Mentore Vaccari
Environments.2018; 5(8): 89. CrossRef
Tumour virus epidemiology
Ruth M. Lunn, Gloria D. Jahnke, Charles S. Rabkin
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.2017; 372(1732): 20160266. CrossRef
Is waste collection associated with hepatitis B infection? A meta-analysis
Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol, Sandy Cairncross, Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco, Leo Heller
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.2017; 50(6): 756. CrossRef

Brief Communication

A Fatal Case of Disseminated Tuberculosis Coincident with Measles-Rubella Vaccination: Hae-Kwan Cheong, Byung-Guk Yang, Young Mo Sohn, Il-Hoon Kwon, Jun Chul Kim, Hangmi Kim, Jung Ran Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2010;32:e2010002. Published online April 26, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2010002

12,971 View
115 Download

Abstract PDF: Abstract

The authors report a fatal case of disseminated tuberculosis in a 14-yr-old girl, which developed immediately after a measles-rubella (MR) vaccination. Despite a markedly accelerated clinical course which led to death within two weeks, the authors could not identify any possible cause of the tuberculosis aggravation in this case, with the exception of the MR vaccination. The possible role that MR vaccination had on the clinical course of tuberculosis in this case is discussed.; Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Original Articles

Hepatitis A Vaccination Rates and Related Factors in a 2005 Population-based Study in Nonsan, Korea: Eun Young Kim, Baeg Ju Na, Moo Sik Lee, Keon Yeop Kim, Moran Ki; Epidemiol Health. 2009;31:e2009003. Published online October 12, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2009003

13,540 View
100 Download
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The incidence of clinical hepatitis A has increased in young Korean adults since the mid-1990s. Although hepatitis A vaccinations have been administered in private clinics over the past 10 yr, no data exist on the vaccination rate and relating factors.

METHODS

In 2005, a population-based survey of 12-35-month-old children was carried out in Nonsan, Korea. An interview survey was completed for 71.3% of the children. All data came from a vaccination card or confirmation from a provider.

RESULTS

The hepatitis A vaccination rate was 42.3% for ≥1 dose and 24.7% for 2-dose. The results of the multivariate regression analysis for the hepatitis A vaccination showed that the second (OR=1.6) and third and successive children (OR=3.3) were less often immunized than the first child. Low economic status (OR=1.6), rural area (OR=1.5) and employed mother (OR=1.5) were also correlated with a lower vaccination rate. The hepatitis A vaccination rate was significantly lower in children who had no other vaccinations: measlesmumps-rubella (OR=2.8 for ≥1 dose and 7.3 for 2-dose), varicella (OR=20.2 and 22.0, respectively) and Haemophilus influenza type b (OR=14.3 and 13.3, respectively).

CONCLUSION

To prevent outbreaks of clinical hepatitis A by enough herd immunity, a vaccination should be included in the National Immunization Program and a vaccination policy developed and implemented that can overcome the barriers to immunization such as late birth order and a mother's employment.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Very low prevalence of anti-HAV in Japan: high potential for future outbreak
Chikako Yamamoto, Ko Ko, Shintaro Nagashima, Takayuki Harakawa, Toshiko Fujii, Masayuki Ohisa, Keiko Katayama, Kazuaki Takahashi, Hiroaki Okamoto, Junko Tanaka
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Changing sero-epidemiology of hepatitis A in Asia Pacific countries: A systematic review
Marissa Gripenberg, Naveena Aloysia D’Cor, Maïna L’Azou, Grenville Marsh, Sophie Druelles, Joshua Nealon
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2018; 68: 13. CrossRef
Hepatitis A Virus Vaccination Status and Related Factors among College Students
Jae Seong Baek, Mi Ah Han, Jong Park, Na-Ra Yun
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2014; 14(3): 103. CrossRef
Vaccination rates and related factors among health care workers in South Korea, 2009
Hee Jung Yoon, Jiseun Lim, BoYoul Choi, Jungsoo Kim, Jeonguk Kim, Changhwi Kim, Joon Soo Park, Sang-Bum Hong, Jooyoun Seo, Geun-Ryang Bae, Moran Ki
American Journal of Infection Control.2013; 41(8): 753. CrossRef
Factors Related to Completed Status and Seropositivity of Hepatitis A Immunization Among Children Aged 1–3 Years and 6–8 Years in South Korea
Jee-Young Hong, Mo Ran Ki, Hye-Jung Hwang, Delacroix Sinny, Young-Joon Park, Geun-Ryang Bae, Moo-Sik Lee
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(2): 93. CrossRef
Evaluation on the Accuracy of Vaccination Card for National Immunization Program in a 2005 Population-Based Survey in Nonsan, Korea
Moo-Sik Lee, Jee-Hee Kim, Kwang-Hwan Kim, Jee-Young Hong, Jin-Yong Lee, Keon-Yeop Kim
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2011; 36(2): 113. CrossRef

Effect of An Education Program on the Pregnant Women to Improve the Correct Recognition and Choice among the BCG Vaccination Methods.: Seung Hee Lee, Chae Min Chun, Jin Ho Chun; Korean J Epidemiol. 2008;30(2):263-271. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/kje.2008.30.2.263

5,825 View
17 Download

Abstract PDF: Abstract
PURPOSE
The most effective and basic Tb preventive measure is BCG vaccination. Even though the Intradermal vaccination method in BCG vaccination is known to be the most accurate method in preventing the advanced Tb, nowdays most of the Korean civilian hospitals utilize multipuncture BCG vaccination method ,which is quite contrary to the national standard intradermal vaccination method. Therefore I decided to inform and educate the pregnant women who would be in a position to choose the BCG vaccination method. This will help them understand the BCG vaccination methods properly. We should urge the intradermal method which is acknowledged as the national standard vaccination method.
METHODS
The questionnaire was mailed twice to 214 pregnant women requring the antenatal care who visited any of the 9 health centers in Busan from the period of Aug to Oct. 2007. The 1st questionnaire was done in 214 pregnant women prior to education concerning the BCG vaccination methods and Tb, and the 2nd questionnaire was done after education. Contents of the questionnaire were general knowledges for BCG vaccination method, intention of selection for BCG vaccination, knowledges for the adverse effect, etc. Data analysis was performed utilizing SPSS (ver12) and the pregnant women's change in concept was comparatively analyzed with percentage, chi-square -test .
RESULTS
Considering the general characteristics of the pregnant women who participated in the study, the highest percentage was noticed in their 15-28 gestational weeks (60.8%), Age over 30 (70.1%), Education level-college graduate (76.6%). Recognition to the presence of two types BCG vaccination method was 27.6% before education and 95.3% after education which showed a marked improvement (p=0.0001). After education, 82.2% of pregnant women decided to choose intradermal BCG vaccination method at birth which was 23.4% before education (p=0.0003). Despite the fact that intradermal BCG method is the national standard vaccination method, some of them prefer multipuncture BCG vaccination method, because most of the scars (41.3%), the civilian hospitals do it (35.7%), because of the lack of the education and information from the health centers and public institutions (17.4%). The future selection of BCG vaccination methods as follows: before education, intradermal BCG vaccination 31.0%, multipuncture BCG vaccination 14.6%, uncertain 54.4%, and after education, intradermal BCG vaccination 72.4%, multipuncture BCG vaccination 2.8%, uncertain 24.8% (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
The pregnant women were not fully aware of intradermal and multipuncture BCG vaccination methods. Through education and information, it was possible for them to thoroughly recognize the BCG vaccination methods. In order to urge the intradermal BCG vaccination method, the health centers and public institutions need to educate and inform the pregnant women regarding the intradermal BCG vaccination method which is the standard vaccination method in Korea.; Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Status on Influenza Vaccination in Some Community Health Centers.: Hyun Sul Lim, Geun Ryang Bae, Young Sun Min, Young Taek Kim, Yeon Kyeng Lee; Korean J Epidemiol. 2004;26(2):62-70.

65,535 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: Abstract
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to improve the Korean influenza management system and to determine the status of influenza vaccination in some community health centers through a survey of the officers in charge of influenza vaccination.
METHODS
The authors conducted a questionnaire survey by e-mail for the officers in charge of influenza vaccination of 8 community health centers in Daegu-si, 5 community health centers in Ulsan-si and 25 community health centers in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The authors developed a questionnaire including selection methods of the influenza vaccination objects, results of influenza vaccination in 2002, problems of influenza vaccination, the population within the respondents`jurisdiction and so on.
RESULTS
The proportion of influenza vaccination at community health centers among all residents in the 2002-2003 influenza season was 3.8% in Daegu-si, 14.8% in Ulsan-si, 15.1% in urban Gyeongsangbuk-do and 24.9% in rural Gyeongsangbuk-do. The proportion of influenza vaccination at community health centers among priority cases for vaccination was 12.9% in Daegu-si, 43.1% in Ulsan-si, 39.3% in urban Gyeongsangbuk and 41.6% in rural Gyeongsangbuk-do. The officers in charge of influenza vaccination stated that the problems of influenza vaccination were deficiencies in preparatory examination such as manpower shortage. Twenty-five persons stated as a problem that influenza vaccinations conducted in the hospitals were hardly reported, and fifteen of these clarified that this was due to hospital indifference.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors examined all community health centers of Daegu-si, Ulsan-si, and Gyeongsangbuk-do, and investigated the vaccination states and problems that health officers were dealing with. Therefore, this study is meaningful with its basic data for the management of domestic influenza vaccination.; Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

First
Prev
Page of 2
Next
Last

Search