Epidemiology and Health

COVID-19: Special Article

Mental health of Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Hyunsuk Jeong, Suyeon Park, Jihee Kim, Kyungwon Oh, Hyeon Woo Yim; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022042. Published online April 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022042

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated social distancing, limited freedom, and fear of an uncertain future are expected to have substantial mental health effects. We investigated mental health responses in the community during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea.

METHODS

We used 2016-2019 and 2020 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to assess pre-pandemic and pandemic mental health status, respectively, in terms of perceived severe stress, depression, and suicidal plans. All analyses were gender-stratified. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were performed according to age, employment status, and household income.

RESULTS

The percentage of Korean adults with suicidal plans increased significantly from 1.3%p (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.5) in 2016-2019 to 1.8%p (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.1) in 2020. Individuals in their 20s and 40s showed a marked increase in suicidal plans (1.2%p; 95% CI, 0.0 to 2.3 and 0.9%p; 95% CI, 0.0 to 1.8, respectively). In men, depression and perceived severe stress increased significantly from pre-COVID-19 to 2020. There was a 2.4%p (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.0) increase in depression among standard workers and a 2.9%p increase in depression in individuals in the second-highest quintile of household income from 2016 and 2018 to 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

As COVID-19 continued, mental health issues such as suicidal plans, depression, and severe stress increased significantly in young men and people in the second-highest quintile of household income. Proactive community mental health efforts are needed to prevent increases in the suicide rate resulting from prolonged exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Summary

Korean summary
코로나19 이전에 비해 코로나19 유행 첫 해 동안에 전체 인구에서 자살 계획 유병율이 유의하게 증가하였고 특히 20대-40대에서 증가 비율이 높았다. PHQ-9으로 측정한 우울증 유병율은 전체 남성에서 증가하였고 특히 30대 남성에서 증가 비율이 높았다. 코로나19 영향으로 자살 계획과 우울증과 같은 정신 건강 문제가 젊은 성인에서 크게 증가하였기 때문에 이러한 정신건강 문제가 자살률 증가로 이어지는 것을 방지하기 위해 국가적 차원의 체계적인 정책과 적극적인 지역사회 정신건강 중재가 필요하다.

Key Message
There was a significant increase in the prevalence of suicidal plan in the overall population during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-COVID-19. In particular, suicide plans increased among those in their 20s and 40s. The prevalence of PHQ-9 detected depression increased in all men, especially among men in their 30s. As mental health problems such as suicide planning and depression have significantly increased among young adults due to the impact of COVID-19, systematic policies at the national level and active community mental health interventions are needed to prevent these mental health problems from leading to an increase in suicide rates.

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The Association of Acute Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19 and Exacerbation of Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Clinically Mild COVID-19: Retrospective Observational Study
Sumi Sung, Su Hwan Kim, Changwoo Lee, Youlim Kim, Ye Seul Bae, Eui Kyu Chie
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2023; 9: e43003. CrossRef
The Risk of Major Depressive Disorder Due to Cataracts among the Korean Elderly Population: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2016 and 2018
Min-Jin Kang, Kyung-Yi Do, Nayeon Park, Min-Woo Kang, Kyoung Sook Jeong
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1547. CrossRef
Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Associated Factors in Korean Adults: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021
Soo Jung Rim, Bong-Jin Hahm, Su Jeong Seong, Jee Eun Park, Sung Man Chang, Byung-Soo Kim, Hyonggin An, Hong Jin Jeon, Jin Pyo Hong, Subin Park
Psychiatry Investigation.2023; 20(3): 262. CrossRef
The association mental health of adolescents with economic impact during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2020 Korean nationally representative survey
Hanul Park, Kang-Sook Lee
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Association between dietary and suicidal behaviors in adolescents in Korea based on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2015-2020): Youngrong Lee, Ye Jin Jeon, Jee-Seon Shim, Sun Jae Jung; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022033. Published online March 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022033

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study explored the association between dietary and suicidal behaviors of Korean adolescents and investigated differences in this association in children of immigrant parents.

METHODS

The sample (n=368,138) was collected from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 2015 to 2020. Participants who agreed to provide family information (n=313,689) were classified according to their parents’ nationality. The study variables were 11 self-reported dietary behaviors, and their composite dietary behaviors (i.e., nutrient deprivation and unhealthy food consumption) that resulted from principal component analysis. The association between study variables and suicide-related outcomes (i.e., suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts) was analyzed by multiple logistic regression with adjustment for covariates. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

RESULTS

Participants who skipped key meals and foods were more likely to have attemped suicide (aOR [95% CI]: skipping breakfast ≥5 days/wk, 1.28 [1.21 to 1.35]; consuming fruits <1 times/wk: 1.42 [1.32 to 1.52]; consuming vegetables <1 times/wk: 1.72 [1.53 to 1.93]; consuming milk <3 times/wk: 1.07 [0.99 to 1.16]). The associations were prominent in third culture kids (TCKs) (aOR [95% CI]: 2.23 [1.61 to 3.09]; 2.32 [1.61 to 3.35]; 2.63 [1.50 to 4.60]; 1.69 [1.09 to 2.63], respectively). Participants who consumed unhealthy foods (fast food, caffeinated and sugary drinks) more frequently were more likely to have attempted suicide (aOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.73). This association was also more prominent in TCKs (aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate a positive association between unfavorable dietary behaviors and outcomes related to suicide, and this association appears to be notable in adolescents with immigrant parents.

Summary

Korean summary
• 한국 청소년의 식이 행동과 자살 행동 사이의 연관성과 한국인 부모와 이민자 부모 자녀에서 위의 연관성 차이를 조사하였다. • 청소년의 결식 빈도 증가, 과일, 야채, 우유 섭취 감소는 자살 행동과 유의한 연관성이 있었으며 이민자 부모를 둔 청소년에서 연관성의 크기가 더 컸다. • 패스트푸드, 카페인, 가당 음료, 인스턴트 음식을 더 자주 섭취하는 청소년은 자살을 시도할 가능성이 더 높았으며 이민자 부모를 둔 청소년에서 더 큰 연관성을 보였다.

Key Message
The study found positive associations between undesirable dietary behaviors (e.g., skipping breakfast, increased consumption of fast food or instant food product) and outcomes related to suicide (i.e., suicide ideation, planning, and attempt) in Korean adolescents, and these associations appear to be prominent in adolescents with immigrant parents than those with Korean parents.

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Trends in health behaviors and mental health among Korean adolescents in Korea over 5 years, 2017–2021: focusing on the comparisons before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Mi-Sun Lee, Dong Jun Kim, Hooyeon Lee
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Association of participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 with mental disorders and suicidal behaviour: Martta Kerkelä, Mika Gissler, Juha Veijola; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022005. Published online January 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022005

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In prospective follow-up studies, participants are normally contacted during the follow-up period. Even though the idea is not to intervene, the studies conducted during follow-up may affect the target population. Our hypotheses were that participation in the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study (NFBC 1986) increased the use of mental health services and reduced suicidal behaviour due to participation in follow-up studies.

METHODS

The NFBC 1986 study covered people with an expected date of birth between July 1985 and June 1986 in northern Finland (n=9,396). The participants of the NFBC 1986 were followed since the antenatal period with follow-ups including clinical examinations. The comparison cohort comprised people born in the same area in 1987 (n=8,959), who were not contacted. Registry data on psychiatric treatment, suicide attempts, and suicides were available. Crude risk ratios (RRs) and adjusted (for marital status and education) Mantel-Haenszel RRs were reported.

RESULTS

No increase in mental disorders were found in NFBC 1986 compared to comparison cohort. In the crude RR analysis of female participants, a lower risk for suicide attempts was found (RR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.92; p=0.011).

CONCLUSIONS

The results did not support our first hypothesis regarding the increased use of mental health services in the NFBC 1986 cohort. However, our second hypothesis gained some support as female participants of the NFBC 1986 had a lower risk of suicide attempts, although it was not due to a higher number of participants receiving psychiatric treatment.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message
Female members of the longitudinal Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study did have less psychiatric diagnosis in several diagnosis classes than comparison cohort, which may indicate that different follow-up studies conducted in the prospective birth cohort studies may affect to the study population.

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Association between participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study and use of psychiatric care services
Martta Kerkelä, Mika Gissler, Tanja Nordström, Juha Veijola, Silva Ibrahimi
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(3): e0282714. CrossRef
Association between participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts and cardiometabolic disorders
Martta Kerkelä, Mika Gissler, Tanja Nordström, Olavi Ukkola, Juha Veijola
Annals of Medicine.2023; 55(1): 1123. CrossRef

Gender difference in socioeconomic factors affecting suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among community-dwelling elderly: based on the Korea Community Health Survey: Jin-Young Jeong; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020052. Published online July 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020052

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to explore socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among the local community’s resident elderly.

METHODS

The subjects included 129,277 participants aged 65 years or above of the Korea Community Health Survey conducted in 2013 and 2017. Based on the questions for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, the subjects were divided into a no suicidal ideation group (n=111,344), a suicidal ideation group (n=17,487), and a suicidal attempt group (n=446). All analyses were stratified by gender, and a complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze associated factors. SAS version 9.4 was used for all analyses with a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS

Common factors associated with suicidal ideation in both genders included marital status, frequency of contact with friends, social activity, and average monthly household income. Economic activity was demonstrated as relevant only to the elderly men subjects. According to the analysis, factors associated with suicidal attempts were the recipients of the National Basic Living Security Act for the elderly men compared to age, frequency of contact with family, frequency of contact with friends, and average monthly household income for the elderly women.

CONCLUSIONS

The study revealed that socioeconomic factors leading to suicidal ideation were similar in the elderly of both genders, while a difference was demonstrated for factors associated with suicidal attempts between the elderly of both genders. It is expected that the results of this study may be used as the basis for screening the local community’s elderly with a high suicidal risk, and in the development of suicide prevention services.

Summary

Korean summary
2013년과 2017년 지역사회건강조사에 참여한 129,277명의 노인을 대상으로 자살시도에 관련된 사회-경제적 요인을 탐색하였다. 분석결과, 남성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 국민기초생활수급자, 여성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 연령, 가족접촉빈도, 친구접촉빈도, 그리고 월평균가구소득으로 나타났다. 본 결과가 지역사회 거주 노인의 자살 고위험군 선별 및 자살 예방서비스 개발에 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Key Message

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Body mass index, subjective body shape, and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling Korean adults
Chae Eun Yong, Young Bum Kim, Jiyoung Lyu
Archives of Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Relationship between binge drinking experience and suicide attempts in Korean adolescents: based on the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey: Kyeong Hyang Byeon, Sun Ha Jee, Jae Woong Sull, Bo Young Choi, Heejin Kimm; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018046. Published online September 26, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018046

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Suicide and drinking problems in adolescents are increasing every year, and it is known that suicide is related to drinking. This study aims to identify the relationship between binge drinking experience (BDE) and suicide attempts in Korean adolescents.

METHODS

The Ninth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), conducted in 2013, was used for analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between BDE and suicide attempts, and the relationship between BDE and suicide attempts in middle and high school students was stratified by age.

RESULTS

BDE and suicide attempts were highly related. The odds ratio (OR) of attempted suicide in BDE was 1.63 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28 to 2.09) higher then non-drinking in males. And the OR of attempted suicide in females was 1.21 times (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.37) higher then non-drinking in non-BDE, 1.79 times (95% CI, 1.47 to 2.19) higher in BDE. BDE was associated with suicide attempts in males aged 12 or 13 years (OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 1.57 to 10.03) and in females aged 15 years (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.79 to 3.96).

CONCLUSIONS

BDE is an important factor related to suicide attempts in adolescents. In order to reduce suicide attempts, it is necessary to educate the youth about the regulation of BDE and drinking prevention.

Summary

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Key Message

Citations

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Is Binge Drinking Associated with Suicidal Behaviors among Brazilian Adolescents?
Thaise Queiroz de Melo, Delmilena Maria Ferreira de Aquino, Alisse Maria Chaves de Lima Peixoto, Jonathan Lopes de Lisboa, Raquel Conceição Ferreira, Patricia Maria Pereira de Araújo Zarzar, Viviane Colares, Fabiana de Godoy Bene Bezerra Laureano, Carolin
Substance Use & Misuse.2022; 57(9): 1365. CrossRef
Prevalence and associated factors of binge drinking among high school students in Acapulco, Mexico: a cross-sectional study
Abel Emigdio-Vargas, Arcadio Morales-Pérez, Elizabeth Nava-Aguilera, Alfonso Dávalos-Martínez, Nubia Blanco-García, Elia Barrera-Rodriguez, Liliana Morales-Nava, Neil Andersson
Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy.2022; : 1. CrossRef
Disparity between Subjective Health Perception and Lifestyle Practices among Korean Adolescents: A National Representative Sample
Aniceto Echalico Braza, Jinsoo Jason Kim, Sun Hee Kim
Journal of Lifestyle Medicine.2022; 12(3): 153. CrossRef
Impulsivity and Impulsivity-Related Endophenotypes in Suicidal Patients with Substance Use Disorders: an Exploratory Study
Alessandra Costanza, Stéphane Rothen, Sophia Achab, Gabriel Thorens, Marc Baertschi, Kerstin Weber, Alessandra Canuto, Hélène Richard-Lepouriel, Nader Perroud, Daniele Zullino
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2021; 19(5): 1729. CrossRef
Association between sleep insufficient type and suicidal ideation among Korean middle and high school student
Soojeong Kim, Jin A Han, Eun-Ji Kim, Soon Young Lee
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2021; 38(2): 15. CrossRef
Association Between Suicide and Drinking Habits in Adolescents
Ji Won Lee, Bong-Jo Kim, Cheol-Soon Lee, Boseok Cha, So-Jin Lee, Dongyun Lee, Jiyeong Seo, Young-Ji Lee, Youn-Jung Lee, Eunji Lim, Jae-Won Choi
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2021; 32(4): 161. CrossRef
Victimization as a mediator in the relationship between sexual orientation and adolescent alcohol use
Ji-Su Kim, Yeji Seo
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2020; 34(1): 27. CrossRef
Suicide Attempts and Contributing Factors among South and North Korean-Family Youth Using the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey
Soo Jung Rim, Min Geu Lee, Subin Park
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2020; 31(1): 33. CrossRef
Associations between Gender, Alcohol Use and Negative Consequences among Korean College Students: A National Study
Patrick Allen Rose, Hugh Erik Schuckman, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Eun-Cheol Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(14): 5192. CrossRef
Prediction models for high risk of suicide in Korean adolescents using machine learning techniques
Jun Su Jung, Sung Jin Park, Eun Young Kim, Kyoung-Sae Na, Young Jae Kim, Kwang Gi Kim, Vincenzo De Luca
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(6): e0217639. CrossRef
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Yeji Lee, Kang-Sook Lee, Hajo Zeeb
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(7): e0220241. CrossRef

Income-related inequality in completed suicide across the provinces of Iran: Mohammad Hassan Kazemi-Galougahi, Asieh Mansouri, Samaneh Akbarpour, Mahmood Bakhtiyari, Majid Sartipi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018012. Published online April 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018012

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to measure income-related inequality in completed suicide across the provinces of Iran.

METHODS

This ecological study was performed using data from the Urban and Rural Household Income and Expenditure Survey-2010 conducted by the Iranian Center of Statistics, along with data on completed suicide from the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization in 2012. We calculated the Gini coefficient of per capita income and the completed suicide rate, as well as the concentration index for per capita income inequality in completed suicide, across the provinces of Iran.

RESULTS

The Gini coefficients of per capita income and the completed suicide rate in the provinces of Iran were 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.13) and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.46), respectively. We found a trivial decreasing trend in the completed suicide incidence rate according to income quintile. The poorest-to-richest ratio in the completed suicide rate was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.26 to 3.22). The concentration index of completed suicide in the provinces of Iran was -0.12 (95% CI, -0.30 to 0.06).

CONCLUSIONS

This study found that lower income might be considered as a risk factor for completed suicide. Nonetheless, further individual studies incorporating multivariable analysis and repeated cross-sectional data would allow a more fine-grained analysis of this phenomenon.

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Oscar J. Mujica, Dihui Zhang, Yi Hu, Isabel C. Espinosa, Nelson Araneda, Anca Dragomir, George Luta, Antonio Sanhueza
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(7): 5256. CrossRef
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Taynara Lais Silva, Thatiana Araújo Maranhão, George Jó Bezerra Sousa, Isaac Gonçalves da Silva, José Claudio Garcia Lira Neto, Geovana Almeida dos Santos Araujo
Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ali Fakhari, Hamid Allahverdipour, Elham Davtalab Esmaeili, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Hamid Salehiniya, Hosein Azizi
BMC Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Xiaojing Fan, Min Su, Yaxin Zhao, Yafei Si, Zhongliang Zhou
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Social and economic variables related with Paraquat self-poisoning: an ecological study
Jefferson Antonio Buendía, Gabriel Jaime Restrepo Chavarriaga, Andres F. Zuluaga
BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Prevalence and comorbidity of common mental disorders and associations with suicidal ideation in the adult population: Yousef Veisani, Fathola Mohamadian, Ali Delpisheh; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017031. Published online July 22, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017031

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12 Citations

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Little information exists on the association between comorbidities of mental disorders and suicidal ideation in developing countries. The current study examined the relationship between the presence of comorbid mental disorders and suicidal ideation in the adult population.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted using the cluster random sampling method in 3 steps. Data were collected from a household assets survey and the self-administered 28-item General Health Questionnaire as first step in screening, and the Persian version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition - Text Revision was used in the second stage to determine the prevalence of mental disorders. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the associations between mental disorders and suicidal ideation.

RESULTS

Of the 763 participants, 199 (26.1%) had 1 or more mental disorder. Forty-two (71.4%) subjects with comorbidities had a history of suicidal ideation, whereas 59 (7.7%) of all participants had a history of suicidal ideation. We found that major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder were the most predictive of suicidal ideation in both sexes. The odds ratio for suicidal ideation associated with having 3 comorbid disorders was 2.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40 to 14.12) in males and 3.06 (95% CI, 1.25 to 15.22) in females.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent with pervious data, our results confirmed that mental disorders and comorbidities of mental disorders were important predictors of suicidal ideation. Our findings are very useful for applied intervention programs to reduce the suicide rate in regions in which it is high.

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The effects of prevalence of inequalities in mental disorders between groups using Blinder– Oaxaca decomposition
Yousef Veisani, Fathola Mohamadian
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2023; 12(1): 91. CrossRef
Depression and suicidal ideation in Mexican medical students during COVID-19 outbreak. A longitudinal study
A.D. Domínguez-González, G. Guzmán-Valdivia, F.S. Ángeles-Téllez, M.A. Manjarrez-Ángeles, R. Secín-Diep
Heliyon.2022; 8(2): e08851. CrossRef
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Alina Zuberi, Ahmed Waqas, Sadiq Naveed, Md Mahbub Hossain, Atif Rahman, Khalid Saeed, Daniela C. Fuhr
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between common stressful life events and coping strategies in adults
Yousef Veisani, Zahra Jalilian, YasamanZahra Sadeghifard, Fathola Mohamadian
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021; 10(1): 307. CrossRef
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Dorota Lasota, Witold Pawłowski, Paweł Krajewski, Anna Staniszewska, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Robert Czerski, Mariusz Goniewicz
Alcohol and Alcoholism.2020; 55(3): 278. CrossRef
Inequalities in common mental disorders between advantaged and disadvantaged groups: an Oaxaca – Blinder decomposition analysis on socio-economic factors
Yousef Veisani, Shahab Rezaeian, Fathola Mohamadian, Ali Delpisheh
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare.2020; 13(4): 325. CrossRef
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(18): 6758. CrossRef
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Feiyang Xiong, Li Wang, Lianlian Shen, Wenhui Guo, Shixue Li, Qiangdong Guan
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2020; 138: 110257. CrossRef
Suicide Risk in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Exploration of Risk Factors: A Systematic Review
Umberto Albert, Diana De Ronchi, Giuseppe Maina, Maurizio Pompili
Current Neuropharmacology.2019; 17(8): 681. CrossRef
The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhenyu Li, Ying Yang, Chen Dong, Lin Li, Yafei Cui, Qian Zhao, Zhifeng Gu
Psychology, Health & Medicine.2018; 23(9): 1025. CrossRef
Suicide in early China and the current West
Saxby Pridmore, William Pridmore
Australasian Psychiatry.2018; 26(6): 651. CrossRef
The Association between Parents’ Lifestyles and Common Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study
Saba Shakarami, Yousef Veisani, Koorosh Kamali, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Fathola Mohamadian, Nastaran Ahmadi, Mohammad Fararouei, Ali Delpisheh
Shiraz E-Medical Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Estimation of the rate and number of underreported deliberate self-poisoning attempts in western Iran in 2015: Mehdi Moradinazar, Farid Najafi, Mohammad Reza Baneshi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017023. Published online June 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017023

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Rates of attempted deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) are subject to undercounting, underreporting, and denial of the suicide attempt. In this study, we estimated the rate of underreported DSP, which is the most common method of attempted suicide in Iran.

METHODS

We estimated the rate and number of unaccounted individuals who attempted DSP in western Iran in 2015 using a truncated count model. In this method, the number of people who attempted DSP but were not referred to any health care centers, n₀ , was calculated through integrating hospital and forensic data. The crude and age-adjusted rates of attempted DSP were estimated directly using the average population size of the city of Kermanshah and the World Health Organization (WHO) world standard population with and without accounting for underreporting. The Monte Carlo method was used to determine the confidence level.

RESULTS

The recorded number of people who attempted DSP was estimated by different methods to be in the range of 46.6 to 53.2% of the actual number of individuals who attempted DSP. The rate of underreported cases was higher among women than men and decreased as age increased. The rate of underreported cases decreased as the potency and intensity of toxic factors increased. The highest underreporting rates of 69.9, 51.2, and 21.5% were observed when oil and detergents (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code: X66), medications (ICD-10 code: X60-X64), and agricultural toxins (ICD-10 codes: X68, X69) were used for poisoning, respectively. Crude rates, with and without accounting for underreporting, were estimated by the mixture method as 167.5 per 100,000 persons and 331.7 per 100,000 persons, respectively, which decreased to 129.8 per 100,000 persons and 253.1 per 100,000 persons after adjusting for age on the basis of the WHO world standard population.

CONCLUSIONS

Nearly half of individuals who attempted DSP were not referred to a hospital for treatment or denied the suicide attempt for political or sociocultural reasons. Individuals with no access to counseling services are at a higher risk for repeated suicide attempts and fatal suicides.

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Citations

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Emergency department nurses’ perceptions of caring for patients with intentional self-poisoning: a qualitative study
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Emergency Care Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Age Changes and Suicidal Activity in Iran Over the Past Decade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hamid Sharif Nia, Mohammad Heidari, Navaz Naghavi, Rebecca H. Lehto, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Azar Jafari-Koulaee, Yasaman Hatef Matbue, Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Saeed Pahlevan Sharif
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Secular Trends of Suicide Mortality in Korea.: Jongsoon Park, Soonduck Kim, Seonmi Ji, Jesuk Lee; Korean J Epidemiol. 2003;25(2):84-91.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to analysis the trends and states of suicide mortality in Korea from 1983 to 2001.
METHODS
This study was based on data published in 1983-2001 from the annual report of the cause of death statistics of National Statistical Office.
RESULTS
First, both of annual suicide rate and adjusted suicide rate rapidly went up in 1996 and hit the highest in 1998. Second, since 1983 only when the suicide rate was the highest in the ages 20-24 rather than other age groups, the suicides have been continuously shown to be the highest in the old age group. Third, the seasonal percentages of suicides were generally high in spring and summer, the seasons when the percentage of sunshine is relatively high, in both results for men and women. Fourth, men have most frequently committed suicide through hanging while their suicide through falling from a high site have least frequently occurred but currently tends to gradually increase. Meanwhile, women have most frequently done suicide generally by using insecticide.
CONCLUSION
In Korea, the suicide rate and suicide percentage of the old people have been yearly increasing, and their suicide rate is also shown to the highest rather than those of other age groups. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the suicide of the old people through a systematic analysis. Moreover, it is necessary to verify the risk factors and defensive factors for the suicide impulse and suicide attempt. On the basis of this, the construction of a nationwide social safety network for the national mental health is very important to find and treat the problems of the mental health to lead the people to suicide.; Summary

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