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Keum Ji Jung 7 Articles
Smoking-attributable mortality among Korean adults in 2019
Yeun Soo Yang, Keum Ji Jung, Heejin Kimm, Sunmi Lee, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024011.   Published online December 19, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024011
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Tobacco use ranks among the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. This study was conducted to calculate the mortality rate attributable to smoking in Korea for 2019 and to highlight the importance of tracking and monitoring smoking-related deaths for public health purposes.
METHODS
Population attributable risk (PAR) was used to estimate the number of deaths related to smoking in 2019. PAR percentages were applied to the estimated mortality figures for various diseases, with PAR determined based on relative risk (RR). Levin’s formula was used to calculate PAR, and RR was adjusted for age and alcohol consumption using Cox proportional hazards regression model to derive disease-specific regression coefficients. The analysis incorporated previously determined smoking rates from 1985, and use rates of novel tobacco products were not considered.
RESULTS
The findings revealed a total of 67,982 smoking-attributable deaths in Korea in 2019, 56,993 of which occurred in men and 11,049 in women. The PAR of smoking for various causes of death in adult men was highest for lung cancer at 74.9%, followed by pneumonia (29.4%), ischemic heart disease (42.3%), and stroke (30.2%). For women, the PAR for smoking-related death was highest for lung cancer (19.9%), followed by stroke (7.6%), pneumonia (5.7%), and ischemic heart disease (9.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
In countries experiencing rapid fluctuations in smoking rates, including Korea, regular studies on smoking-related mortality is imperative. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate smoking-related deaths, including the prevalence of novel tobacco product use, to accurately gauge the risks associated with emerging tobacco products.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 2019년 한국에서 흡연으로 인한 사망률을 계산하고 공중 보건 목적을 위한 흡연 관련 사망추적 및 모니터링의 중요성을 강조합니다. 연구 결과, 2019년 한국에서 흡연으로 인해 총 67,982명이 사망했으며, 이 중 남성이 56,993명, 여성이 11,049명이었습니다. 특히 남성의 경우 폐암(74.9%), 여성의 경우 폐암(19.9%)에서 흡연으로 인한 사망 위험이 가장 높게 나타났습니다.
Key Message
This study analyzed deaths attributable to smoking in Korea in 2019, revealing that a total of 67,982 individuals lost their lives due to smoking. Among these, 56,993 were men and 11,049 were women, with the highest smoking-related mortality rate observed in men due to lung cancer at 74.9%, and in women due to lung cancer at 19.9%. Through these findings, this research emphasizes the importance of tracking and monitoring smoking-related deaths for public health.
Causal association between serum bilirubin and ischemic stroke: multivariable Mendelian randomization
Jong Won Shin, Keum Ji Jung, Mikyung Ryu, Jungeun Kim, Heejin Kimm, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2024;e2024070.   Published online August 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024070    [Accepted]
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Previous research has predominantly focused on total bilirubin levels without clearly distinguishing between direct and indirect bilirubin. In this study, the differences between these forms were examined, and their potential causal relationships with ischemic stroke were investigated.
METHODS
Two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was employed, extracting summary data on bilirubin from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II; n=159,844) and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES; n=72,299). Data on ischemic stroke were obtained from BioBank Japan (BBJ; n=201,800). Colocalization analysis was performed, focusing on the UGT1A1, SLCO1B1, and SLCO1B3 genes, which are the primary loci associated with serum bilirubin levels.
RESULTS
Crude 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a significant negative association between total bilirubin levels and ischemic stroke. However, in MVMR analyses, only indirect bilirubin demonstrated a significant negative association with ischemic stroke (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.59 to 0.98). Colocalization analysis did not identify a shared causal variant between the 3 genetic loci related to indirect bilirubin and the risk of ischemic stroke.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study establishes a causal association between higher genetically determined levels of serum indirect bilirubin and reduced risk of ischemic stroke in an Asian population. Future research should include more in-depth analysis of shared genetic variants between indirect bilirubin and ischemic stroke.
Summary
Genetically determined alcohol consumption and cancer risk in Korea
Keum Ji Jung, Ji Woo Baek, Sang Yop Shin, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023077.   Published online August 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023077
  • 5,900 View
  • 172 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the causal relationship between the genetically determined amount of alcohol consumption and the occurrence of major cancers.
METHODS
The data used in this study were from 129,324 people selected from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II, the participants of which visited 18 health examination centers between 2004 and 2013. Cancer incidence was confirmed as of 2020 using data from the National Cancer Center. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) on alcohol consumption was performed using PLINK 2.0, and sex, age, chip type, and principal components were adjusted.
RESULTS
From the GWAS, a genetic risk score for alcohol consumption was calculated and genetically determined alcohol consumption (GDAC) was estimated. GDAC was divided into quintile groups and showed significant causal relationships with rectal cancer and liver cancer, but not with other cancers. For liver cancer, an association was shown in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative group, and a particularly strong association was found in the over-60-year-old HBsAg-negative group, in which, compared to the GDAC Q1 group, the Q4 group had a 2.35 times higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 5.23), and the Q5 group had a 2.40 times higher risk (95% CI, 1.09 to 5.30).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study provided evidence that the amount of alcohol consumed is causally related to the occurrence of rectal cancer and liver cancer in HBsAg-negative individuals. Additional studies should be continued for other cancer types through long-term follow-up.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 유전적으로 결정되는 음주량과 주요 암 발생 사이의 인과 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 그 결과 유전적으로 결정되는 음주량이 증가할수록 직장암 발생 위험이 높아졌고, 특히 HBsAg 음성인 사람에서 간암 발생 위험이 높아지는 것으로 밝혀졌다.
Key Message
The purpose of this study was to reveal the causal relationship between genetically determined alcohol consumption and the incidence of major cancers. As a result, it was found that as the genetically determined amount of alcohol consumed increases, the risk of rectal cancer increases, and especially in people who are HBsAg negative, the risk of liver cancer increases.

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  • A pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic implication and oncogenic role of tubulin epsilon and delta complex 2 (TEDC2) in human tumors
    Yang Liu, Jie Zhu, Jing Shen, Yuting Lu, Ke Pan, Chuan Tong, Yao Wang
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cancer risk based on alcohol consumption levels: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
    Seunghee Jun, Hyunjin Park, Ui-Jeong Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Hye Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Soon Young Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Hyesook Park
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; : e2023092.     CrossRef
Prediction of cancer survivors’ mortality risk in Korea: a 25-year nationwide prospective cohort study
Yeun Soo Yang, Heejin Kimm, Keum Ji Jung, Seulji Moon, Sunmi Lee, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022075.   Published online September 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022075
  • 6,922 View
  • 170 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting cancer survival and develop a mortality prediction model for Korean cancer survivors. Our study identified lifestyle and mortality risk factors and attempted to determine whether health-promoting lifestyles affect mortality.
METHODS
Among the 1,637,287 participants in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS) cohort, 200,834 cancer survivors who were alive after cancer diagnosis were analyzed. Discrimination and calibration for predicting the 10-year mortality risk were evaluated. A prediction model was derived using the Cox model coefficients, mean risk factor values, and mean mortality from the cancer survivors in the KCPS cohort.
RESULTS
During the 21.6-year follow-up, the all-cause mortality rates of cancer survivors were 57.2% and 39.4% in men and women, respectively. Men, older age, current smoking, and a history of diabetes were high-risk factors for mortality, while exercise habits and a family history of cancer were associated with reduced risk. The prediction model discrimination in the validation dataset for both KCPS all-cause mortality and KCPS cancer mortality was shown by C-statistics of 0.69 and 0.68, respectively. Based on the constructed prediction models, when we modified exercise status and smoking status, as modifiable factors, the cancer survivors’ risk of mortality decreased linearly.
CONCLUSIONS
A mortality prediction model for cancer survivors was developed that may be helpful in supporting a healthy life. Lifestyle modifications in cancer survivors may affect their risk of mortality in the future.
Summary
Korean summary
현재 암 생존자의 사망 위험을 평가하는 데 유용한 한국형 암 생존자 사망률 예측 모델은 없습니다. 본 연구에서는 고령, 남성, 현재 흡연, 당뇨병 병력을 포함한 생활양식 요인이 사망의 고위험 요인인 반면, 운동 습관 및 암의 가족력은 사망 위험을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났습니다. 현재 흡연과 운동 습관은 사망 위험에 영향을 미치는 수정 가능한 두 가지 요소로써, 이러한 생활습관 요인으로 구성된 예측모형은 생활습관 교정을 통해 우리나라 암 생존자의 사망률을 낮출 수 있음을 시사합니다.
Key Message
Currently, there is no Korean mortality prediction model for cancer survivors that would be useful in evaluating their risk of mortality. The present study showed that lifestyle factors, including older age, male sex, current smoking, and history of diabetes were high-risk factors for mortality, while exercise habits and a family history of cancer reduced the risk of mortality. Current smoking and exercise habits are the two modifiable factors that affected the risk of mortality. The prediction model comprising these lifestyle factors implies that the risk of mortality of cancer survivors in Korea can be reduced through lifestyle modification.

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  • COVID-19 Mortality and Severity in Cancer Patients and Cancer Survivors
    Jae-Min Park, Hye Yeon Koo, Jae-ryun Lee, Hyejin Lee, Jin Yong Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Weight maintenance and gain were significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality in Korean adults who were newly diagnosed with cancer based on the Korean NHIS-HEALS cohort
    Yong-June Kim, Seung Park, Won Tae Kim, Yoon-Jong Bae, Yonghwan Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
    Medicine.2023; 102(47): e36184.     CrossRef
Bilirubin and risk of ischemic heart disease in Korea: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Christina Jeon, Ji-Young Lee, Sun Ju Lee, Keum Ji Jung, Heejin Kimm, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019034.   Published online July 12, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019034
  • 13,689 View
  • 291 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Bilirubin is an endogenous antioxidant that protects cells against oxidative stress. Increased plasma levels of bilirubin have been associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in previous studies. Nonetheless, whether those associations reflect a true protective effect of bilirubin on IHD, rather than confounding or reverse causation, remains unknown. Therefore, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization to evaluate the causal association between bilirubin levels and IHD risk in a Korean population.
METHODS
A total of 5 genetic variants—TRPM8 (rs10490012), USP40 (rs12993249), ATG16L1 (rs2119503), SLCO1B1 (rs4149014), and SLCO1B3 (rs73233620)—were selected as genetic instruments for serum bilirubin levels using a communitybased cohort, the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, comprising 33,598 subjects. We then evaluated their impact on IHD using the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II cohort.
RESULTS
Among the 5 instrumental variables that showed significant associations with serum bilirubin levels, rs12993249 (USP40) showed the most significant association (p<2.36×10-105). However, we found no significant association between serum bilirubin levels and IHD. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated a consistent association, suggesting that our observations were robust.
CONCLUSIONS
Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, we found no association between serum bilirubin levels and IHD. Further studies that confirm the observed interactions among other ethnicities are warranted.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 대규모 한국인 코호트를 이용하여, 빌리루빈과 허혈성 심장질환의 인과성을 규명한 연구결과이다. 특히 두 가지 자료를 이용한 멘델리안 무작위배정 연구방법을 적용하여, 한국인을 대상으로 빌리루빈과 허혈성 심장질환의 인과성을 처음으로 규명한 점이 큰 시사점을 가진다.

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  • Association of Different Total Bilirubin Levels with Prognosis of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis
    Yujian He, Jingjing Zhu, Fei Xiao, Qingyun Luo, Pengpeng Wang, Xu Wang, Yan He, Zibo Xiong
    Medicina.2023; 59(10): 1837.     CrossRef
  • Novel prognostic score based on the preoperative total bilirubin-albumin ratio and fibrinogen-albumin ratio in ampullary adenocarcinoma
    Xiao-Jie Zhang, He Fei, Chong-Yuan Sun, Ze-Feng Li, Zheng Li, Chun-Guang Guo, Dong-Bing Zhao
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2023; 15(10): 2247.     CrossRef
  • The Nonlinear Relationship Between Total Bilirubin and Coronary Heart Disease: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
    Chaoxiu Li, Wenying Wu, Yumeng Song, Shuang Xu, Xiaomei Wu
    Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Another Reason to Cut Down on Alcohol?
    Hyeon Chang Kim
    Korean Circulation Journal.2022; 52(3): 231.     CrossRef
  • Serum bilirubin and kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study
    Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Dong Ki Kim
    Clinical Kidney Journal.2022; 15(9): 1755.     CrossRef
  • Heme Oxygenase-1 and Blood Bilirubin Are Gradually Activated by Oral D-Glyceric Acid
    O. Petteri Hirvonen, Maarit Lehti, Heikki Kyröläinen, Heikki Kainulainen
    Antioxidants.2022; 11(12): 2319.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the causal pathway from bilirubin to CVD and diabetes in the UK biobank cohort study: Observational findings and Mendelian randomization studies
    Lei Hou, Hongkai Li, Shucheng Si, Yuanyuan Yu, Xiaoru Sun, Xinhui Liu, Ran Yan, Yifan Yu, Chuan Wang, Fan Yang, Qing Wang, Fuzhong Xue
    Atherosclerosis.2021; 320: 112.     CrossRef
  • The causal association of bilirubin with cardiovascular disease: Are there still any questions?
    Claudia Lamina, Florian Kronenberg
    Atherosclerosis.2021; 320: 92.     CrossRef
  • Association between Alcohol Consumption and Serum Cortisol Levels: a Mendelian Randomization Study
    Jung-Ho Yang, Sun-Seog Kweon, Young-Hoon Lee, Seong-Woo Choi, So-Yeon Ryu, Hae-Sung Nam, Kyeong-Soo Park, Hye-Yeon Kim, Min-Ho Shin
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SLCO1B1 Variants and The Risk of Antituberculosis Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Min Zhu, Xinyu Chen, Zhuolu Hao, Yiwen He, Bing Han, Shaowen Tang
    Pharmacogenomics.2009; 24(18): 931.     CrossRef
Impaired fasting glucose, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and risk for colorectal cancer in Koreans
Keum Ji Jung, Miyong To Kim, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016002.   Published online January 6, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016002
  • 17,984 View
  • 152 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Numerous studies have demonstrated that fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels and certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, their combined effects are still unclear.
METHODS
Of a total of 144,527 men and women free of cancer at baseline, 317 developed CRC during 5.3 years of follow-up. A case-cohort study (n=1,691) was used, consisting of participants with a DNA sample available. Three well-known SNPs (rs3802842, rs6983267, rs10795668) were genotyped. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CRC, colon and rectal cancer were calculated, with the Cox proportional hazard models.
RESULTS
The crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 41.1 overall, 48.4 for men, and 29.3 for women. Among participants with dysglycemia, SNPs rs3802842 and rs6983267 were both associated with an increased risk of CRC (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.5 and HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1, respectively) and rectal cancer (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.6 and HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.1, respectively). The interaction effect of dysglycemia and SNPs was positive, that is, resulted in an elevated risk of CRC, but was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that both high FSG and certain SNPs are major risk factors for CRC and rectal cancer but that they did not interact synergistically. The difference in effect size of the SNPs according to CRC subtype (i.e., colon or rectal cancer) and presence of dysglycemia merits further research.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 공복혈당농도와 대장암과 관련된 단일염기다형성(SNP)과의 관련성을 살펴 보았다. 높은 공복혈당농도와 단일염기다형성(SNP_rs3802842, rs6983267)은 대장암의 주요한 위험요인이었으나, 두 가지 요인의 상호작용으로 인한 시너지 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 대장암의 아형에 따른 다른 효과 크기와 이상혈당증 유무에 따른 향후 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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    So Yon Jun, Sooyoung Cho, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung‐Bum Ryoo, Seung Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Aesun Shin
    Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Relationship Between Aspirin Use and Site-Specific Colorectal Cancer Risk Among Individuals With Metabolic Comorbidity
    Seokyung An, Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeonghee Lee, Minji Kim, Jae Hwan Oh, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Kyung Sohn, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Shan Li, Xiaohong Zhu, Lihua Zhang, Cui Huang, Dan Li
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  • The lncRNA CCAT2 Rs6983267 G Variant Contributes to Increased Sepsis Susceptibility in a Southern Chinese Population
    Zhiyuan Wu, Yufeng Liang, Yunlong Zuo, Yufen Xu, Hanran Mai, Lei Pi, Di Che, Xiaoqiong Gu
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2021; Volume 14: 2969.     CrossRef
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    Ching-Ying Huang, Linda Chia-Hui Yu
    Chinese Journal of Physiology.2020; 63(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Glucose Metabolites Exert Opposing Roles in Tumor Chemoresistance
    Chung-Yen Huang, Ching-Ying Huang, Yu-Chen Pai, Been-Ren Lin, Tsung-Chun Lee, Pi-Hui Liang, Linda Chia-Hui Yu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Endocrine Journal.2018; 65(9): 881.     CrossRef
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The effect of smoking on lung cancer: ethnic differences and the smoking paradox
Keum Ji Jung, Christina Jeon, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016060.   Published online December 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016060
  • 30,459 View
  • 685 Download
  • 49 Web of Science
  • 38 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The objectives of this review were to determine whether the smoking paradox still exists and to summarize possible explanations for the smoking paradox. Based on published data, we compared the risk of cigarette smoking for lung cancer in Western and Asian countries. We extracted data from the relevant studies about annual tobacco consumption, lung cancer mortality rates according to smoking status from each country, and possible explanations for the smoking paradox. A significantly greater risk of lung cancer death was found among current smokers in Asian countries than among nonsmokers, with relative risks (RRs) of 4.0 to 4.6 for Koreans, 3.7 to 5.1 for Japanese, and 2.4 to 6.5 for Chinese. Although a significantly greater risk of lung cancer was present among current smokers in Asian countries, the RRs in Asian countries were much lower than those reported in Western countries (range, 9.4 to 23.2). Possible explanations for the smoking paradox included epidemiologic characteristics, such as the smoking amount, age at smoking initiation, and the use of filtered or mild tobacco. The smoking paradox definitely exists, but may be explained by major epidemiologic characteristics. Therefore, the smoking paradox should not be interpreted as indicating that tobacco is safer or less harmful for Asians.
Summary
Korean summary
흡연이 폐암에 미치는 관련성의 인종 차이 흡연은 폐암의 가장 큰 원인으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 흡연이 폐암에 미치는 관련성의 크기는 영국, 미국 등 서양에서 발표된 연구결과에서 10-20배 정도로 보고되고 있으나 한국, 일본, 중국 등 동양에서 발표된 연구에서 3-5배 정도로 낮게 보고되고 있다. 이러한 차이는 흡연유행, 담배성분, 흡연자 특성, 그리고 유전적인 차이로 일부 설명되고 있으나 아직 완전히 이해되어진 상태는 아니다. 이는 공중보건학적으로 매우 중요한 의미를 가지므로 동서양의 직접적인 비교연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1614.     CrossRef
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    Tran Nguyen, Gulzar Shah, Amanda C. Barefield
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