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COVID-19 Original Article Lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work and its association with burnout among EMS providers in Korea
Ji-Hwan Kim1orcid , Jaehong Yoon2,3orcid , Soo Jin Kim4orcid , Ja Young Kim1orcid , Jinwook Bahk5orcid , Seung-Sup Kim1,6orcid
Epidemiol Health 2023;45e2023058-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023058
Published online: June 15, 2023
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1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
3National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Korea
4Fire Science Research Center, Seoul Metropolitan Fire Service Academy, Seoul, Korea
5Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
6Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Corresponding author:  Seung-Sup Kim,
Email: kim.seungsup@snu.ac.kr
Received: 9 February 2023   • Accepted: 22 May 2023
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the association between lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work (LCCOW) and burnout among emergency medical service (EMS) providers in Seoul, Korea.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 693 EMS providers in Seoul, Korea. Participants were classified into 3 groups according to their experience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related overtime work and LCCOW: (1) “did not experience,” (2) “experienced and was compensated,” and (3) “experienced and was not compensated.” Burnout was measured using the Korean version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, which has 3 subdomains: personal burnout (PB), work-related burnout (WRB), and citizen-related burnout (CRB). Multiple linear regression was applied to examine whether LCCOW was associated with burnout after adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS
In total, 74.2% of participants experienced COVID-19-related overtime work, and 14.6% of those who worked overtime experienced LCCOW. COVID-19-related overtime work showed a statistically non-significant association with burnout. However, the association differed by LCCOW. Compared to the “did not experience” group, the “experienced and was not compensated” group was associated with PB (β=10.519; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.455 to 17.584), WRB (β=10.339; 95% CI, 3.398 to 17.280), and CRB (β=12.290; 95% CI, 6.900 to 17.680), whereas no association was observed for the “experienced and was compensated” group. Furthermore, an analysis restricted to EMS providers who worked overtime due to COVID-19 showed that LCCOW was associated with PB (β=7.970; 95% CI, 1.064 to 14.876), WRB (β=7.276; 95% CI, 0.270 to 14.283), and CRB (β=10.000; 95% CI, 3.435 to 16.565).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that LCCOW could be critical in worsening burnout among EMS providers who worked overtime due to COVID-19.

Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health
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