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Original article Association of the dietary inflammatory index with phenotypic age
Mengzi Sun1orcid , Jiaxin Fang1orcid , Wenhui Gao1orcid , Yue He1orcid , Yanan Ma2orcid , Lina Jin1orcid
Epidemiol Health 2023;e2023051
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023051 [Accepted]
Published online: May 4, 2023
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1Jilin university, Changchun, China
2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
Corresponding author:  Yanan Ma,
Email: jinln@jlu.edu.cn
Lina Jin,
Email: jinln@jlu.edu.cn
Received: 31 January 2023   • Revised: 1 April 2023   • Accepted: 12 April 2023
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Abstract

Objectives
One of the underlying mechanisms of aging is chronic inflammation, which has been closely associated with daily diet. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) has been used as an index to track the aging process before diseases show clinical symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PhenoAge.
Methods
In total, 9275 adults aged 20 years old and over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were involved in this study. Dietary patterns were classified as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory according to the DII. PhenoAge was regarded as a continuous variable, and linear regression was used to explore its association with dietary inflammation. Stratified analyses by sex, age, race, physical exercise, smoking status, drinking status, and body mass index were used to test the sensitivity of these associations.
Results
The median value of PhenoAge was 38.60 years and 39.76 years for the participants with anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets, respectively. A pro-inflammatory diet was positively associated with PhenoAge (β=0.73; 95% CI, 0.31–1.14), compared with participants who had an anti-inflammatory diet. There was an interaction between dietary inflammation and age for PhenoAge (pinteraction<0.001). The strength of the association between a pro-inflammatory diet and PhenoAge was stronger as age increased.
Conclusions
A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a higher PhenoAge, and the association was strongest in the elderly. We recommended reducing dietary inflammation to delay phenotypic aging, especially for the elderly.

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