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1National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
2Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
3Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
4Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
5Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
6Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
7Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
© 2022, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characteristics | All | Asthma |
p-value |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never | Ever | Current2 | Never vs. ever | Never vs. current | |||
Total | 2,875 (100) | 2,401 (83.5) | 474 (16.5) | 160 (5.6) | |||
Age (yr) | 13.30±3.88 | 13.29±3.91 | 13.62±3.67 | 12.75±3.69 | 0.141 | 0.065 | |
Sex | |||||||
Boys | 1,428 (49.7) | 1,173 (48.9) | 255 (53.8) | 88 (55.0) | 0.049 | 0.132 | |
Girls | 1,447 (50.3) | 1,228 (51.1) | 219 (46.2) | 72 (45.0) | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.63±6.35 | 22.47±6.28 | 23.45±6.65 | 22.54±6.10 | 0.003 | 0.737 | |
Obesity/overweight | 419 (14.6) | 335 (14.0) | 84 (17.7) | 23 (14.4) | 0.030 | 0.870 | |
No | 2,444 (85.0) | 2,058 (85.7) | 386 (81.4) | 136 (85.0) | |||
Missing | 12 (0.4) | 8 (0.3) | 4 (0.8) | 1 (0.6) | |||
Family income (US$) | |||||||
<25,000 | 903 (31.4) | 759 (31.6) | 144 (30.4) | 40 (25.0) | 0.198 | 0.025 | |
25,000-55,000 | 874 (30.4) | 735 (30.6) | 139 (29.3) | 47 (29.4) | |||
≥55,000 | 978 (34.0) | 796 (33.2) | 182 (38.4) | 71 (44.4) | |||
Missing | 120 (4.2) | 111 (4.6) | 9 (1.9) | 2 (1.3) |
sIgE (IU/mL) | n | GM | AM±SD | Median | IQR | Range | %>LOD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Der F | 2,874 | 0.49 | 6.08±39.86 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-1,000 | 24.0 |
Der P | 2,875 | 0.51 | 6.98±43.18 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-1,000 | 24.6 |
Dog | 2,875 | 0.33 | 1.23±12.87 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-558 | 16.8 |
Cockroach | 2,875 | 0.35 | 1.30±7.82 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-204 | 15.4 |
Cat | 2,875 | 0.34 | 1.72±14.52 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-476 | 13.7 |
Mouse | 2,871 | 0.27 | 0.57±5.23 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-196 | 2.4 |
Rat | 2,875 | 0.26 | 0.33±1.65 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-73.6 | 1.7 |
Peanut | 2,875 | 0.32 | 1.05±9.10 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-413 | 11.9 |
Milk | 2,855 | 0.27 | 0.31±0.58 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-25.2 | 8.8 |
Shrimp | 2,875 | 0.29 | 0.82±7.71 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-322 | 8.8 |
Egg | 2,875 | 0.26 | 0.28±0.40 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-15.8 | 3.4 |
Rye grass | 2,875 | 0.59 | 9.19±48.75 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.45 | 0.25-1,000 | 26.5 |
Bermuda grass | 2,875 | 0.47 | 4.68±30.59 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-1,000 | 21.1 |
Ragweed | 2,875 | 0.38 | 1.95±14.21 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-469 | 19.3 |
Oak | 2,875 | 0.38 | 2.81±19.54 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-445 | 16.4 |
Thistle | 2,874 | 0.35 | 1.26±7.31 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-275 | 15.9 |
Birch | 2,875 | 0.36 | 2.94±24.99 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-879 | 14.1 |
Alternaria | 2,875 | 0.37 | 1.56±6.81 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-179 | 13.9 |
Aspergillus | 2,875 | 0.32 | 0.75±3.01 | 0.25 | 0.25-0.25 | 0.25-62.3 | 11.7 |
sIgE | Mode 1 |
Model 2 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never (n=2,401) | Ever (n=474) | Current asthma (n=160) | Never (n=2,401) | Ever (n=474) | Current asthma (n=160) | |
Der F | Reference | 1.17 (1.12, 1.21) |
1.22 (1.15, 1.29) |
Reference | — | 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) |
Der P | Reference | 1.16 (1.12, 1.21) |
1.20 (1.14, 1.27) |
Reference | 1.09 (1.05, 1.14) |
— |
Cat | Reference | 1.30 (1.22, 1.38) |
1.39 (1.29, 1.50) |
Reference | — | — |
Dog | Reference | 1.46 (1.36, 1.57) |
1.59 (1.45, 1.74) |
Reference | 1.25 (1.15, 1.35) |
1.30 (1.16, 1.46) |
Alternaria | Reference | 1.30 (1.23, 1.37) |
1.39 (1.30, 1.49) |
Reference | — | — |
Aspergillus | Reference | 1.52 (1.41, 1.64) |
1.75 (1.58, 1.93) |
Reference | 1.39 (1.28, 1.50) |
1.55 (1.39, 1.72) |
sIgE | Mode 1 |
Model 2 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asthma in remission (n=314) | Current asthma (n=160) | IQR | Per IQR increased |
Asthma in remission (n=314) | Current asthma (n=160) | IQR | Per IQR increased |
|
Der F | Reference | 1.09 (1.02, 1.17) |
3.13 | 1.31 (1.06, 1.64) | Reference | — | — | |
Der P | Reference | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
3.03 | 1.23 (0.99, 1.49) | Reference | — | — | |
Cat | Reference | 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) |
0.86 | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22) | Reference | 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) |
0.86 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.20) |
Dog | Reference | 1.19 (1.08. 1.32) |
1.51 | 1.30 (1.12, 1.52) | Reference | — | — | |
Alternaria | Reference | 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) |
1.80 | 1.29 (1.11, 1.49) | Reference | — | — | |
Aspergillus | Reference | 1.22 (1.10, 1.35) |
0.82 | 1.18 (1.08, 1.28) | Reference | 1.19 (1.08, 1.33) |
0.82 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.26) |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMI, body mass index. Calculated by the chi-square test for categorical variable and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Current: asthma attack within 12 months.
Some numbers do not add up to the total number of participants because of missing data. sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E; AM, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation; Der F,
Values are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval). sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E; ‘—‘, not included in regression model; Der F, sIgE was log2 transformed. Adjusted for sex, age, obesity/overweight, and household income. Adjusted for sex, age, household income, obesity/overweight, and all other sIgEs in the table; sIgEs were selected by backward stepwise regression analysis. p<0.01, p<0.001.
Values are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval). sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E; ‘—‘, not included in regression model; Der F, sIgE was log2 transformed. Adjusted for sex, age, obesity/overweight, and household income. Adjusted for sex, age, household income, obesity/overweight, and all other sIgEs in the table. sIgEs were selected by backward stepwise regression analysis. p<0.1, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001.