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1Division of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
3Central Division of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Management, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
©2021, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
FUNDING
None.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: MKL. Data curation: EP, JP, TTPT. Formal analysis: EP. Funding acquisition: None. Visualization: JP, TTPT. Writing–original draft: MKL, EP. Writing/review & editing: MKL, EP, JP, TTPT, SJ, EYP, JKO.
Characteristics |
Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.22 (0.75, 1.97) | - | 1.82 (1.26, 2.63) | 1.56 (1.03, 2.35) | 1.54 (1.04, 2.28) | 1.48 (0.96, 2.26) | 1.31 (0.89, 1.93) | - | 1.05 (0.71, 1.54) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 1.83 (1.03, 3.27) | 1.36 (0.71, 2.63) | 1.88 (1.05, 3.38) | 1.43 (0.71, 2.88) | 1.89 (1.03, 3.45) | 1.39 (0.69, 2.81) | 2.30 (1.20, 4.40) | 2.08 (0.96, 4.51) | 2.29 (1.34, 3.92) | 1.47 (0.81, 2.69) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 1.72 (1.13, 2.61) | 1.56 (1.03, 2.36) | 1.57 (1.01, 2.44) | 1.41 (0.88, 2.25) | 1.38 (0.88, 2.15) | 1.40 (0.86, 2.29) | 1.56 (1.00, 2.43) | 1.55 (0.99, 2.44) | 1.65 (1.05, 2.58) | 1.66 (1.00, 2.74) | |
<30,000 | 3.00 (1.60, 5.64) | 2.43 (1.26, 4.68) | 2.72 (1.37, 5.38) | 1.71 (0.81, 3.60) | 2.18 (1.18, 4.03) | 1.87 (0.97, 3.61) | 2.43 (1.23, 4.84) | 1.44 (0.74, 2.82) | 2.48 (1.30, 4.72) | 1.91 (0.95, 3.81) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 2.36 (1.46, 3.79) | 2.16 (1.35, 3.47) | 2.92 (1.87, 4.56) | 2.18 (1.39, 3.41) | 3.43 (2.29, 5.15) | 2.82 (1.77, 4.47) | 3.24 (2.13, 4.94) | 2.62 (1.66, 4.14) | 2.41 (1.58, 3.66) | 1.76 (1.06, 2.92) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 2.20 (1.36, 3.55) | 1.73 (0.99, 3.04) | 2.84 (1.84, 4.38) | 1.90 (1.20, 3.01) | 3.88 (2.55, 5.93) | 2.75 (1.68, 4.52) | 6.37 (4.27, 9.50) | 4.39 (2.70, 7.13) | 5.99 (4.05, 8.86) | 4.26 (2.81, 6.48) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Ever | 1.51 (0.79, 2.89) | - | 1.85 (0.88, 3.89) | - | 2.16 (1.09, 4.27) | 0.80 (0.35, 1.81) | 0.88 (0.30, 2.62) | - | 1.07 (0.32, 3.58) | - | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 1.53 (1.00, 2.33) | 1.29 (0.73, 2.28) | 1.89 (1.31, 2.71) | 1.41 (0.91, 2.19) | 2.37 (1.66, 3.38) | 1.90 (1.26, 2.88) | 2.36 (1.68, 3.30) | 1.66 (1.09, 2.53) | 3.32 (2.26, 4.88) | 2.21 (1.43, 3.44) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk)1 | |||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.76 (0.42, 1.37) | - | 1.02 (0.56, 1.85) | - | 1.01 (0.59, 1.74) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 1.26 (0.86, 1.86) | - | 1.24 (0.80, 1.92) | - | 1.30 (0.86, 1.97) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | ||
≥8-<9 | 1.52 (1.05, 2.21) 1.67 (1.12, 2.48) | 1.39 (0.77, 2.50) | - | 0.70 (0.41, 1.19) | - | 1.22 (0.62, 2.38) | - | 1.67 (0.46, 6.07) | - | ||
<8 | 1.82 (1.08, 3.07) 1.73 (0.93, 3.22) | 1.17 (0.66, 2.10) | - | 0.85 (0.51, 1.43) | - | 1.50 (0.78, 2.89) | - | 1.61 (0.49, 5.30) | - | ||
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
<1 | 1.97 (1.26, 3.07) 2.26 (1.37, 3.75) | 1.32 (0.71, 2.48) | 1.32 (0.69, 2.54) | 1.15 (0.66, 2.00) | - | 2.01 (1.13, 3.58) | 1.07 (0.57, 2.03) | 1.20 (0.66, 2.20) | 1.13 (0.57, 2.23) | ||
Never | 3.25 (1.85, 5.70) 3.21 (1.63, 6.33) | 2.76 (1.56, 4.90) | 2.35 (1.32, 4.20) | 1.79 (0.96, 3.32) | - | 3.38 (1.87, 6.14) | 1.99 (1.05, 3.80) | 2.76 (1.55, 4.92) | 2.35 (1.25, 4.40) | ||
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 0.92 (0.49, 1.73) | - | 0.54 (0.29, 0.99) | - | 0.91 (0.45, 1.84) | - | 0.80 (0.44, 1.47) | - | 1.50 (0.91, 2.47) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.40 (0.69, 2.84) | - | 0.61 (0.33, 1.12) | - | 1.22 (0.61, 2.43) | - | 1.45 (0.79, 2.66) | - | 1.56 (0.91, 2.67) | - |
Characteristics |
Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.15 (0.52, 2.54) | - | 2.63 (1.21, 5.69) | 3.03 (1.34, 6.89) | 1.79 (0.75, 4.26) | - | 1.54 (0.68, 3.48) | - | 0.97 (0.43, 2.18) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 4.23 (1.35, 13.3) | 3.56 (1.23, 10.3) | 4.53 (1.70, 12.1) | 4.00 (1.38, 11.6) | 5.54 (2.01, 15.2) | 4.48 (1.58, 12.7) | 6.26 (2.36, 16.6) | 4.92 (1.97, 12.3) | 6.31 (2.57, 15.5) | 3.52 (1.58, 7.86) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 1.99 (0.79, 4.99) | 2.09 (0.83, 5.24) | 1.30 (0.44, 3.82) | 0.96 (0.28, 3.23) | 1.58 (0.65, 3.88) | 1.32 (0.48, 3.62) | 1.91 (0.79, 4.63) | 1.58 (0.63, 3.98) | 2.04 (0.70, 5.97) | 1.68 (0.58, 4.89) | |
<30,000 | 4.65 (1.23, 17.7) | 2.73 (0.81, 9.20) | 3.05 (0.84, 11.1) | 0.85 (0.22, 3.33) | 3.90 (1.21, 12.6) | 1.82 (0.55, 6.03) | 5.02 (1.54, 16.3) | 1.85 (0.52, 6.55) | 5.91 (1.72, 20.3) | 2.38 (0.76, 7.53) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 2.79 (1.11, 6.99) | 2.37 (0.86, 6.56) | 3.78 (1.52, 9.43) | 2.42 (1.02, 5.73) | 2.81 (1.23, 6.45) | 2.05 (0.75, 5.58) | 3.50 (1.51, 8.12) | 3.73 (1.53, 9.10) | 3.07 (1.33, 7.08) | 2.31 (0.90, 5.93) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 0.31 (0.04, 2.36) | 0.26 (0.03, 2.09) | 5.97 (2.36, 15.08) | 1.98 (0.80, 4.88) | 4.09 (1.85, 9.04) | 4.13 (1.84, 9.27) | 0.73 (0.16, 3.37) | 0.19 (0.02, 2.17) | 1.23 (0.42, 3.59) | 1.05 (0.28, 3.92) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | |
Ever | 1.18 (0.26, 5.29) | - | 4.59 (1.36, 15.5) | 5.05 (1.67, 15.2) | 1.13 (0.25, 5.10) | 0.36 (0.07, 1.74) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 0.86 (0.30, 2.44) | 1.17 (0.36, 3.83) | 11.88 (4.90, 28.8) | 8.75 (3.79, 20.2) | 1.89 (0.88, 4.05) | 1.47 (0.63, 3.41) | 0.53 (0.14, 2.00) | 0.78 (0.20, 3.05) | 0.61 (0.26, 1.45) | 0.58 (0.21, 1.61) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk)1 | |||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.80 (0.18, 3.61) | - | 0.55 (0.19, 1.66) | - | 0.72 (0.18, 2.87) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 1.38 (0.64, 2.97) | - | 1.02 (0.45, 2.27) | - | 0.91 (0.40, 2.05) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | |
≥8-<9 | 2.97 (1.09, 8.10) | 3.70 (1.30, 10.5) | 2.43 (0.52, 11.4) | - | 0.42 (0.13, 1.32) | - | 2.00 (0.40, 10.0) | - | NA | NA | |
<8 | 2.72 (0.85, 8.72) | 2.76 (0.69, 11.0) | 2.01 (0.41, 9.92) | - | 0.79 (0.24, 2.61) | - | 2.24 (0.51, 9.82) | - | NA | NA | |
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
<1 | 1.79 (0.62, 5.15) | 1.49 (0.48, 4.67) | 1.16 (0.26, 5.15) | 0.91 (0.22, 3.70) | 0.66 (0.19, 2.30) | 0.63 (0.20, 1.99) | 3.25 (0.93, 11.4) | 0.99 (0.24, 4.11) | 0.47 (0.15, 1.51) | 0.45 (0.11, 1.80) | |
Never | 3.67 (1.17, 11.5) | 3.07 (0.85, 11.1) | 2.99 (0.90, 9.89) | 3.28 (0.92, 11.7) | 1.22 (0.35, 4.24) | 1.05 (0.33, 3.33) | 2.24 (0.61, 8.24) | 2.19 (0.62, 7.70) | 1.50 (0.56, 3.96) | 1.37 (0.49, 3.79) | |
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 0.49 (0.20, 1.22) | - | 0.57 (0.16, 2.06) | - | 0.35 (0.08, 1.54) | - | 1.34 (0.33, 5.33) | - | 1.30 (0.50, 3.35) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.23 (0.45, 3.38) | - | 0.56 (0.16, 2.02) | - | 0.69 (0.20, 2.45) | - | 2.58 (0.73, 9.16) | - | 1.70 (0.65, 4.44) | - |
Characteristics |
Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.23 (0.73, 2.08) | - | 1.68 (1.13, 2.48) | 1.42 (0.93, 2.16) | 1.48 (0.99, 2.24) | - | 1.26 (0.82, 1.92) | - | 1.07 (0.70, 1.63) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 1.38 (0.74, 2.56) | 0.98 (0.52, 1.85) | 1.38 (0.74, 2.57) | 1.11 (0.54, 2.27) | 1.29 (0.67, 2.50) | 1.07 (0.50, 2.27) | 1.64 (0.74, 3.61) | 1.38 (0.55, 3.42) | 1.66 (0.87, 3.16) | 1.03 (0.53, 1.98) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 1.67 (1.05, 2.66) | 1.47 (0.92, 2.34) | 1.64 (1.06, 2.54) | 1.53 (0.97, 2.41) | 1.34 (0.83, 2.17) | 1.36 (0.79, 2.34) | 1.50 (0.92, 2.44) | 1.59 (0.97, 2.62) | 1.59 (0.99, 2.56) | 1.67 (0.96, 2.91) | |
<30,000 | 2.71 (1.36, 5.43) | 2.40 (1.19, 4.83) | 2.63 (1.26, 5.49) | 1.89 (0.88, 4.06) | 1.89 (0.96, 3.72) | 1.66 (0.80, 3.42) | 2.04 (0.91, 4.57) | 1.35 (0.62, 2.90) | 1.99 (0.93, 4.26) | 1.78 (0.79, 3.99) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 2.26 (1.29, 3.96) | 2.12 (1.21, 3.71) | 2.73 (1.65, 4.52) | 2.21 (1.35, 3.60) | 3.59 (2.34, 5.52) | 3.17 (1.97, 5.10) | 3.19 (2.06, 4.93) | 2.41 (1.52, 3.83) | 2.27 (1.45, 3.53) | 1.62 (0.92, 2.84) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 2.75 (1.64, 4.60) | 2.14 (1.14, 4.02) | 2.34 (1.47, 3.74) | 1.69 (1.03, 2.78) | 3.84 (2.39, 6.14) | 2.38 (1.40, 4.04) | 8.67 (5.71, 13.2) | 5.70 (3.63, 8.98) | 8.09 (5.30, 12.3) | 5.14 (3.32, 7.95) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Ever | 1.59 (0.90, 2.83) | - | 1.29 (0.56, 2.94) | 1.64 (0.66, 4.09) | 2.41 (1.17, 4.97) | 0.91 (0.38, 2.15) | 1.10 (0.37, 3.26) | - | 1.33 (0.40, 4.44) | - | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 1.71 (1.13, 2.59) | 1.29 (0.70, 2.38) | 1.33 (0.89, 1.99) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.58) | 2.50 (1.71, 3.67) | 2.05 (1.29, 3.25) | 3.30 (2.28, 4.79) | 2.02 (1.26, 3.23) | 5.79 (3.51, 9.54) | 3.51 (2.02, 6.10) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk)1 | |||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.75 (0.38, 1.48) | - | 1.15 (0.61, 2.20) | - | 1.09 (0.64, 1.86) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 1.24 (0.82, 1.87) | - | 1.31 (0.81, 2.10) | - | 1.41 (0.89, 2.22) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥8-<9 | 1.31 (0.89, 1.94) | 1.42 (0.92, 2.18) | 1.26 (0.70, 2.25) | - | 0.78 (0.42, 1.43) | - | 1.10 (0.54, 2.24) | - | 1.24 (0.33, 4.62) | - | |
<8 | 1.69 (0.95, 3.02) | 1.63 (0.82, 3.21) | 1.06 (0.59, 1.93) | - | 0.87 (0.50, 1.51) | - | 1.40 (0.70, 2.78) | - | 1.31 (0.40, 4.32) | - | |
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
<1 | 2.01 (1.21, 3.35) | 2.47 (1.37, 4.44) | 1.36 (0.70, 2.64) | 1.32 (0.66, 2.63) | 1.33 (0.72, 2.44) | 1.43 (0.74, 2.75) | 1.69 (0.84, 3.40) | 1.10 (0.55, 2.17) | 1.58 (0.75, 3.29) | 1.42 (0.65, 3.12) | |
Never | 3.15 (1.71, 5.78) | 3.24 (1.58, 6.65) | 2.71 (1.42, 5.19) | 2.30 (1.22, 4.37) | 1.99 (1.04, 3.84) | 1.88 (0.94, 3.74) | 3.68 (1.94, 7.00) | 1.97 (0.96, 4.07) | 3.41 (1.67, 6.93) | 2.79 (1.33, 5.86) | |
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 1.08 (0.54, 2.18) | - | 0.53 (0.27, 1.04) | - | 1.21 (0.56, 2.62) | - | 0.73 (0.39, 1.37) | - | 1.55 (0.88, 2.72) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.46 (0.67, 3.19) | - | 0.62 (0.31, 1.24) | - | 1.51 (0.71, 3.18) | - | 1.30 (0.68, 2.52) | - | 1.53 (0.82, 2.85) | - |
Characteristics |
Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.07 (0.45, 2.53) | - | 0.64 (0.28, 1.46) | 0.47 (0.20, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.34, 2.06) | - | 0.82 (0.34, 1.98) | - | 1.11 (0.45, 2.71) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 0.33 (0.09, 1.13) | 0.28 (0.10, 0.78) | 0.31 (0.11, 0.83) | 0.28 (0.10, 0.79) | 0.23 (0.08, 0.69) | 0.24 (0.09, 0.67) | 0.26 (0.09, 0.81) | 0.27 (0.09, 0.85) | 0.26 (0.09, 0.76) | 0.29 (0.11, 0.75) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 0.84 (0.30, 2.36) | 0.70 (0.25, 1.94) | 1.26 (0.41, 3.84) | 1.60 (0.47, 5.47) | 0.85 (0.32, 2.24) | 1.03 (0.34, 3.07) | 0.78 (0.29, 2.10) | 0.93 (0.34, 2.55) | 0.78 (0.25, 2.43) | 1.00 (0.32, 3.17) | |
<30,000 | 0.58 (0.14, 2.46) | 0.88 (0.24, 3.22) | 0.86 (0.22, 3.37) | 2.23 (0.56, 8.85) | 0.49 (0.14, 1.68) | 0.91 (0.25, 3.31) | 0.41 (0.11, 1.58) | 0.60 (0.17, 2.11) | 0.34 (0.08, 1.36) | 0.75 (0.20, 2.79) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 0.81 (0.28, 2.38) | 0.89 (0.26, 3.02) | 0.72 (0.26, 1.99) | 0.91 (0.37, 2.27) | 1.28 (0.53, 3.07) | 1.55 (0.55, 4.34) | 0.91 (0.38, 2.17) | 0.65 (0.28, 1.54) | 0.74 (0.31, 1.78) | 0.70 (0.25, 2.01) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 8.81 (1.10, 70.78) | 8.08 (0.89, 73.59) | 0.39 (0.15, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.34, 2.17) | 0.94 (0.39, 2.28) | 0.58 (0.24, 1.37) | 11.90 (2.47, 57.29) | 26.62 (2.51, 282.90) | 6.60 (2.17, 20.08) | 4.91 (1.28, 18.78) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | |
Ever | 1.35 (0.38, 4.84) | - | 0.28 (0.07, 1.11) | 0.33 (0.10, 1.12) | 2.14 (0.43, 10.59) | 2.53 (0.50, 12.92) | - | - | - | - | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 2.00 (0.69, 5.78) | 1.11 (0.32, 3.87) | 0.11 (0.04, 0.29) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.28) | 1.33 (0.58, 3.03) | 1.40 (0.55, 3.55) | 6.23 (1.54, 25.14) | 2.55 (0.58, 11.23) | 9.50 (3.56, 25.36) | 6.01 (1.96, 18.41) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk)1 | |||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.94 (0.17, 5.27) | - | 2.08 (0.64, 6.76) | - | 1.51 (0.39, 5.78) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 0.90 (0.40, 1.99) | - | 1.29 (0.54, 3.09) | - | 1.55 (0.62, 3.87) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | ||
≥8-<9 | 0.44 (0.15, 1.28) | 0.38 (0.13, 1.18) | 0.52 (0.12, 2.32) | - | 1.85 (0.49, 6.98) | 0.55 (0.10, 2.98) | - | - | - | ||
<8 | 0.62 (0.17, 2.25) | 0.59 (0.13, 2.67) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.59) | - | 1.10 (0.30, 4.00) | 0.62 (0.13, 2.91) | - | - | - | ||
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
<1 | 1.13 (0.34, 3.75) | 1.65 (0.45, 6.09) | 1.17 (0.24, 5.72) | 1.46 (0.34, 6.32) | 2.03 (0.51, 7.99) | 2.27 (0.64, 8.05) | 0.52 (0.12, 2.27) | 0.80 (0.19, 3.39) | 3.33 (0.83, 13.38) | 3.20 (0.64, 16.01) | |
Never | 0.86 (0.25, 2.96) | 1.04 (0.27, 4.15) | 0.91 (0.23, 3.57) | 0.70 (0.17, 2.90) | 1.63 (0.43, 6.23) | 1.79 (0.51, 6.25) | 1.65 (0.40, 6.85) | 1.94 (0.44, 8.52) | 2.28 (0.69, 7.50) | 2.04 (0.60, 6.99) | |
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 2.20 (0.82, 5.94) | - | 0.93 (0.23, 3.80) | - | 3.46 (0.64, 18.61) | - | 0.55 (0.13, 2.26) | - | 1.19 (0.41, 3.50) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.18 (0.40, 3.51) | - | 1.11 (0.26, 4.65) | - | 2.17 (0.52, 9.05) | - | 0.51 (0.13, 1.98) | - | 0.90 (0.29, 2.80) | - |
Characteristics | Grade 6 (11-12 yr) | Grade 7 (12-13 yr) | Grade 8 (13-14 yr) | Grade 9 (14-15 yr) | Grade 10 (15-16 yr) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking experience | ||||||
Ever | 16 (1.7) | 54 (5.6) | 64 (6.7) | 69 (7.3) | 86 (9.1) | |
Never | 927 (98.3) | 889 (94.4) | 879 (93.3) | 874 (92.7) | 857 (90.9) | |
Level of satisfaction with grades | ||||||
Satisfied | 749 (79.8) | 537 (56.7) | 520 (55.9) | 552 (57.9) | 416 (43.3) | |
Dissatisfied | 192 (20.3) | 404 (43.3) | 421 (44.0) | 387 (42.1) | 523 (56.7) | |
Family composition | ||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 844 (90.8) | 834 (89.9) | 835 (90.4) | 828 (89.9) | 807 (89.6) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 80 (9.1) | 86 (10.1) | 86 (9.6) | 85 (10.1) | 84 (10.4) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | ||||||
≥55,000 | 225 (25.4) | 237 (26.3) | 246 (27.4) | 287 (31.5) | 310 (34.9) | |
30,000-54,999 | 529 (55.5) | 513 (54.8) | 506 (54.4) | 483 (51.8) | 453 (50.0) | |
<30,000 | 158 (19.0) | 155 (18.9) | 146 (18.3) | 130 (16.7) | 113 (15.2) | |
Have a girlfriend | ||||||
No | 809 (85.9) | 793 (83.4) | 785 (83.4) | 762 (81.5) | 766 (81.6) | |
Yes | 131 (14.1) | 149 (16.6) | 156 (16.6) | 180 (18.6) | 173 (18.4) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | ||||||
Never | 837 (90.0) | 761 (79.8) | 788 (83.7) | 815 (86.2) | 761 (81.1) | |
Ever | 104 (10.0) | 181 (20.2) | 153 (16.3) | 127 (13.8) | 178 (18.9) | |
Have been victimized at least once | ||||||
Never | 810 (86.4) | 884 (94.1) | 894 (95.4) | 922 (98.1) | 919 (98.0) | |
Ever | 131 (13.6) | 58 (5.8) | 47 (4.6) | 20 (1.9) | 20 (2.0) | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | ||||||
None | 741 (79.7) | 592 (63.0) | 570 (59.2) | 575 (61.1) | 467 (49.9) | |
One or more | 201 (20.4) | 350 (37.0) | 369 (40.8) | 364 (38.9) | 472 (50.1) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk) | ||||||
Almost never | 494 (54.5) | 496 (54.8) | 463 (52.3) | - | - | |
1-2 | 127 (13.9) | 145 (15.1) | 194 (19.7) | - | - | |
≥3 | 309 (31.6) | 282 (30.0) | 267 (28.0) | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | ||||||
≥9 | 367 (39.1) | 153 (17.2) | 126 (14.4) | 101 (11.6) | 32 (3.8) | |
≥8-<9 | 431 (47.3) | 448 (48.3) | 404 (43.7) | 336 (36.4) | 114 (13.9) | |
<8 | 127 (13.6) | 335 (34.5) | 408 (41.9) | 505 (52.0) | 793 (82.3) | |
Reading time (hr/d) | ||||||
≥1 | 269 (29.0) | 190 (20.8) | 178 (18.9) | 194 (19.6) | 198 (21.5) | |
<1 | 449 (46.9) | 389 (40.0) | 374 (39.4) | 285 (30.1) | 336 (34.3) | |
Never | 212 (24.2) | 351 (39.2) | 380 (41.8) | 463 (50.3) | 405 (44.2) | |
PC/video game-playing time per day | ||||||
<30 min | 111 (11.5) | 76 (7.5) | 81 (8.4) | 103 (10.7) | 218 (22.8) | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 553 (58.8) | 551 (57.0) | 494 (52.1) | 444 (45.6) | 488 (49.8) | |
≥2 hr | 265 (29.7) | 303 (35.6) | 358 (39.5) | 395 (43.7) | 233 (27.3) |
Characteristics | Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.22 (0.75, 1.97) | - | 1.82 (1.26, 2.63) | 1.56 (1.03, 2.35) | 1.54 (1.04, 2.28) | 1.48 (0.96, 2.26) | 1.31 (0.89, 1.93) | - | 1.05 (0.71, 1.54) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 1.83 (1.03, 3.27) | 1.36 (0.71, 2.63) | 1.88 (1.05, 3.38) | 1.43 (0.71, 2.88) | 1.89 (1.03, 3.45) | 1.39 (0.69, 2.81) | 2.30 (1.20, 4.40) | 2.08 (0.96, 4.51) | 2.29 (1.34, 3.92) | 1.47 (0.81, 2.69) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 1.72 (1.13, 2.61) | 1.56 (1.03, 2.36) | 1.57 (1.01, 2.44) | 1.41 (0.88, 2.25) | 1.38 (0.88, 2.15) | 1.40 (0.86, 2.29) | 1.56 (1.00, 2.43) | 1.55 (0.99, 2.44) | 1.65 (1.05, 2.58) | 1.66 (1.00, 2.74) | |
<30,000 | 3.00 (1.60, 5.64) | 2.43 (1.26, 4.68) | 2.72 (1.37, 5.38) | 1.71 (0.81, 3.60) | 2.18 (1.18, 4.03) | 1.87 (0.97, 3.61) | 2.43 (1.23, 4.84) | 1.44 (0.74, 2.82) | 2.48 (1.30, 4.72) | 1.91 (0.95, 3.81) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No |
1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 2.36 (1.46, 3.79) | 2.16 (1.35, 3.47) | 2.92 (1.87, 4.56) | 2.18 (1.39, 3.41) | 3.43 (2.29, 5.15) | 2.82 (1.77, 4.47) | 3.24 (2.13, 4.94) | 2.62 (1.66, 4.14) | 2.41 (1.58, 3.66) | 1.76 (1.06, 2.92) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 2.20 (1.36, 3.55) | 1.73 (0.99, 3.04) | 2.84 (1.84, 4.38) | 1.90 (1.20, 3.01) | 3.88 (2.55, 5.93) | 2.75 (1.68, 4.52) | 6.37 (4.27, 9.50) | 4.39 (2.70, 7.13) | 5.99 (4.05, 8.86) | 4.26 (2.81, 6.48) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Ever | 1.51 (0.79, 2.89) | - | 1.85 (0.88, 3.89) | - | 2.16 (1.09, 4.27) | 0.80 (0.35, 1.81) | 0.88 (0.30, 2.62) | - | 1.07 (0.32, 3.58) | - | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 1.53 (1.00, 2.33) | 1.29 (0.73, 2.28) | 1.89 (1.31, 2.71) | 1.41 (0.91, 2.19) | 2.37 (1.66, 3.38) | 1.90 (1.26, 2.88) | 2.36 (1.68, 3.30) | 1.66 (1.09, 2.53) | 3.32 (2.26, 4.88) | 2.21 (1.43, 3.44) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk) |
|||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.76 (0.42, 1.37) | - | 1.02 (0.56, 1.85) | - | 1.01 (0.59, 1.74) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 1.26 (0.86, 1.86) | - | 1.24 (0.80, 1.92) | - | 1.30 (0.86, 1.97) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | ||
≥8-<9 | 1.52 (1.05, 2.21) 1.67 (1.12, 2.48) | 1.39 (0.77, 2.50) | - | 0.70 (0.41, 1.19) | - | 1.22 (0.62, 2.38) | - | 1.67 (0.46, 6.07) | - | ||
<8 | 1.82 (1.08, 3.07) 1.73 (0.93, 3.22) | 1.17 (0.66, 2.10) | - | 0.85 (0.51, 1.43) | - | 1.50 (0.78, 2.89) | - | 1.61 (0.49, 5.30) | - | ||
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
<1 | 1.97 (1.26, 3.07) 2.26 (1.37, 3.75) | 1.32 (0.71, 2.48) | 1.32 (0.69, 2.54) | 1.15 (0.66, 2.00) | - | 2.01 (1.13, 3.58) | 1.07 (0.57, 2.03) | 1.20 (0.66, 2.20) | 1.13 (0.57, 2.23) | ||
Never | 3.25 (1.85, 5.70) 3.21 (1.63, 6.33) | 2.76 (1.56, 4.90) | 2.35 (1.32, 4.20) | 1.79 (0.96, 3.32) | - | 3.38 (1.87, 6.14) | 1.99 (1.05, 3.80) | 2.76 (1.55, 4.92) | 2.35 (1.25, 4.40) | ||
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 0.92 (0.49, 1.73) | - | 0.54 (0.29, 0.99) | - | 0.91 (0.45, 1.84) | - | 0.80 (0.44, 1.47) | - | 1.50 (0.91, 2.47) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.40 (0.69, 2.84) | - | 0.61 (0.33, 1.12) | - | 1.22 (0.61, 2.43) | - | 1.45 (0.79, 2.66) | - | 1.56 (0.91, 2.67) | - |
Characteristics | Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.15 (0.52, 2.54) | - | 2.63 (1.21, 5.69) | 3.03 (1.34, 6.89) | 1.79 (0.75, 4.26) | - | 1.54 (0.68, 3.48) | - | 0.97 (0.43, 2.18) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 4.23 (1.35, 13.3) | 3.56 (1.23, 10.3) | 4.53 (1.70, 12.1) | 4.00 (1.38, 11.6) | 5.54 (2.01, 15.2) | 4.48 (1.58, 12.7) | 6.26 (2.36, 16.6) | 4.92 (1.97, 12.3) | 6.31 (2.57, 15.5) | 3.52 (1.58, 7.86) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 1.99 (0.79, 4.99) | 2.09 (0.83, 5.24) | 1.30 (0.44, 3.82) | 0.96 (0.28, 3.23) | 1.58 (0.65, 3.88) | 1.32 (0.48, 3.62) | 1.91 (0.79, 4.63) | 1.58 (0.63, 3.98) | 2.04 (0.70, 5.97) | 1.68 (0.58, 4.89) | |
<30,000 | 4.65 (1.23, 17.7) | 2.73 (0.81, 9.20) | 3.05 (0.84, 11.1) | 0.85 (0.22, 3.33) | 3.90 (1.21, 12.6) | 1.82 (0.55, 6.03) | 5.02 (1.54, 16.3) | 1.85 (0.52, 6.55) | 5.91 (1.72, 20.3) | 2.38 (0.76, 7.53) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 2.79 (1.11, 6.99) | 2.37 (0.86, 6.56) | 3.78 (1.52, 9.43) | 2.42 (1.02, 5.73) | 2.81 (1.23, 6.45) | 2.05 (0.75, 5.58) | 3.50 (1.51, 8.12) | 3.73 (1.53, 9.10) | 3.07 (1.33, 7.08) | 2.31 (0.90, 5.93) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 0.31 (0.04, 2.36) | 0.26 (0.03, 2.09) | 5.97 (2.36, 15.08) | 1.98 (0.80, 4.88) | 4.09 (1.85, 9.04) | 4.13 (1.84, 9.27) | 0.73 (0.16, 3.37) | 0.19 (0.02, 2.17) | 1.23 (0.42, 3.59) | 1.05 (0.28, 3.92) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | |
Ever | 1.18 (0.26, 5.29) | - | 4.59 (1.36, 15.5) | 5.05 (1.67, 15.2) | 1.13 (0.25, 5.10) | 0.36 (0.07, 1.74) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 0.86 (0.30, 2.44) | 1.17 (0.36, 3.83) | 11.88 (4.90, 28.8) | 8.75 (3.79, 20.2) | 1.89 (0.88, 4.05) | 1.47 (0.63, 3.41) | 0.53 (0.14, 2.00) | 0.78 (0.20, 3.05) | 0.61 (0.26, 1.45) | 0.58 (0.21, 1.61) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk) |
|||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.80 (0.18, 3.61) | - | 0.55 (0.19, 1.66) | - | 0.72 (0.18, 2.87) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 1.38 (0.64, 2.97) | - | 1.02 (0.45, 2.27) | - | 0.91 (0.40, 2.05) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | |
≥8-<9 | 2.97 (1.09, 8.10) | 3.70 (1.30, 10.5) | 2.43 (0.52, 11.4) | - | 0.42 (0.13, 1.32) | - | 2.00 (0.40, 10.0) | - | NA | NA | |
<8 | 2.72 (0.85, 8.72) | 2.76 (0.69, 11.0) | 2.01 (0.41, 9.92) | - | 0.79 (0.24, 2.61) | - | 2.24 (0.51, 9.82) | - | NA | NA | |
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
<1 | 1.79 (0.62, 5.15) | 1.49 (0.48, 4.67) | 1.16 (0.26, 5.15) | 0.91 (0.22, 3.70) | 0.66 (0.19, 2.30) | 0.63 (0.20, 1.99) | 3.25 (0.93, 11.4) | 0.99 (0.24, 4.11) | 0.47 (0.15, 1.51) | 0.45 (0.11, 1.80) | |
Never | 3.67 (1.17, 11.5) | 3.07 (0.85, 11.1) | 2.99 (0.90, 9.89) | 3.28 (0.92, 11.7) | 1.22 (0.35, 4.24) | 1.05 (0.33, 3.33) | 2.24 (0.61, 8.24) | 2.19 (0.62, 7.70) | 1.50 (0.56, 3.96) | 1.37 (0.49, 3.79) | |
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 0.49 (0.20, 1.22) | - | 0.57 (0.16, 2.06) | - | 0.35 (0.08, 1.54) | - | 1.34 (0.33, 5.33) | - | 1.30 (0.50, 3.35) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.23 (0.45, 3.38) | - | 0.56 (0.16, 2.02) | - | 0.69 (0.20, 2.45) | - | 2.58 (0.73, 9.16) | - | 1.70 (0.65, 4.44) | - |
Characteristics | Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.23 (0.73, 2.08) | - | 1.68 (1.13, 2.48) | 1.42 (0.93, 2.16) | 1.48 (0.99, 2.24) | - | 1.26 (0.82, 1.92) | - | 1.07 (0.70, 1.63) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 1.38 (0.74, 2.56) | 0.98 (0.52, 1.85) | 1.38 (0.74, 2.57) | 1.11 (0.54, 2.27) | 1.29 (0.67, 2.50) | 1.07 (0.50, 2.27) | 1.64 (0.74, 3.61) | 1.38 (0.55, 3.42) | 1.66 (0.87, 3.16) | 1.03 (0.53, 1.98) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 1.67 (1.05, 2.66) | 1.47 (0.92, 2.34) | 1.64 (1.06, 2.54) | 1.53 (0.97, 2.41) | 1.34 (0.83, 2.17) | 1.36 (0.79, 2.34) | 1.50 (0.92, 2.44) | 1.59 (0.97, 2.62) | 1.59 (0.99, 2.56) | 1.67 (0.96, 2.91) | |
<30,000 | 2.71 (1.36, 5.43) | 2.40 (1.19, 4.83) | 2.63 (1.26, 5.49) | 1.89 (0.88, 4.06) | 1.89 (0.96, 3.72) | 1.66 (0.80, 3.42) | 2.04 (0.91, 4.57) | 1.35 (0.62, 2.90) | 1.99 (0.93, 4.26) | 1.78 (0.79, 3.99) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 2.26 (1.29, 3.96) | 2.12 (1.21, 3.71) | 2.73 (1.65, 4.52) | 2.21 (1.35, 3.60) | 3.59 (2.34, 5.52) | 3.17 (1.97, 5.10) | 3.19 (2.06, 4.93) | 2.41 (1.52, 3.83) | 2.27 (1.45, 3.53) | 1.62 (0.92, 2.84) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 2.75 (1.64, 4.60) | 2.14 (1.14, 4.02) | 2.34 (1.47, 3.74) | 1.69 (1.03, 2.78) | 3.84 (2.39, 6.14) | 2.38 (1.40, 4.04) | 8.67 (5.71, 13.2) | 5.70 (3.63, 8.98) | 8.09 (5.30, 12.3) | 5.14 (3.32, 7.95) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Ever | 1.59 (0.90, 2.83) | - | 1.29 (0.56, 2.94) | 1.64 (0.66, 4.09) | 2.41 (1.17, 4.97) | 0.91 (0.38, 2.15) | 1.10 (0.37, 3.26) | - | 1.33 (0.40, 4.44) | - | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 1.71 (1.13, 2.59) | 1.29 (0.70, 2.38) | 1.33 (0.89, 1.99) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.58) | 2.50 (1.71, 3.67) | 2.05 (1.29, 3.25) | 3.30 (2.28, 4.79) | 2.02 (1.26, 3.23) | 5.79 (3.51, 9.54) | 3.51 (2.02, 6.10) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk) |
|||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.75 (0.38, 1.48) | - | 1.15 (0.61, 2.20) | - | 1.09 (0.64, 1.86) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 1.24 (0.82, 1.87) | - | 1.31 (0.81, 2.10) | - | 1.41 (0.89, 2.22) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥8-<9 | 1.31 (0.89, 1.94) | 1.42 (0.92, 2.18) | 1.26 (0.70, 2.25) | - | 0.78 (0.42, 1.43) | - | 1.10 (0.54, 2.24) | - | 1.24 (0.33, 4.62) | - | |
<8 | 1.69 (0.95, 3.02) | 1.63 (0.82, 3.21) | 1.06 (0.59, 1.93) | - | 0.87 (0.50, 1.51) | - | 1.40 (0.70, 2.78) | - | 1.31 (0.40, 4.32) | - | |
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
<1 | 2.01 (1.21, 3.35) | 2.47 (1.37, 4.44) | 1.36 (0.70, 2.64) | 1.32 (0.66, 2.63) | 1.33 (0.72, 2.44) | 1.43 (0.74, 2.75) | 1.69 (0.84, 3.40) | 1.10 (0.55, 2.17) | 1.58 (0.75, 3.29) | 1.42 (0.65, 3.12) | |
Never | 3.15 (1.71, 5.78) | 3.24 (1.58, 6.65) | 2.71 (1.42, 5.19) | 2.30 (1.22, 4.37) | 1.99 (1.04, 3.84) | 1.88 (0.94, 3.74) | 3.68 (1.94, 7.00) | 1.97 (0.96, 4.07) | 3.41 (1.67, 6.93) | 2.79 (1.33, 5.86) | |
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 1.08 (0.54, 2.18) | - | 0.53 (0.27, 1.04) | - | 1.21 (0.56, 2.62) | - | 0.73 (0.39, 1.37) | - | 1.55 (0.88, 2.72) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.46 (0.67, 3.19) | - | 0.62 (0.31, 1.24) | - | 1.51 (0.71, 3.18) | - | 1.30 (0.68, 2.52) | - | 1.53 (0.82, 2.85) | - |
Characteristics | Grade 6 (11-12 yr) |
Grade 7 (12-13 yr) |
Grade 8 (13-14 yr) |
Grade 9 (14-15 yr) |
Grade 10 (15-16 yr) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | Simple | Multiple | ||
Levels of satisfaction with grades | |||||||||||
Satisfied | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
Dissatisfied | 1.07 (0.45, 2.53) | - | 0.64 (0.28, 1.46) | 0.47 (0.20, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.34, 2.06) | - | 0.82 (0.34, 1.98) | - | 1.11 (0.45, 2.71) | - | |
Family composition | |||||||||||
Living with 2 parents and/or grandparents | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Living with single parent and/or grandparent | 0.33 (0.09, 1.13) | 0.28 (0.10, 0.78) | 0.31 (0.11, 0.83) | 0.28 (0.10, 0.79) | 0.23 (0.08, 0.69) | 0.24 (0.09, 0.67) | 0.26 (0.09, 0.81) | 0.27 (0.09, 0.85) | 0.26 (0.09, 0.76) | 0.29 (0.11, 0.75) | |
Annual household income (1,000 Korean won) | |||||||||||
≥55,000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
30,000-54,999 | 0.84 (0.30, 2.36) | 0.70 (0.25, 1.94) | 1.26 (0.41, 3.84) | 1.60 (0.47, 5.47) | 0.85 (0.32, 2.24) | 1.03 (0.34, 3.07) | 0.78 (0.29, 2.10) | 0.93 (0.34, 2.55) | 0.78 (0.25, 2.43) | 1.00 (0.32, 3.17) | |
<30,000 | 0.58 (0.14, 2.46) | 0.88 (0.24, 3.22) | 0.86 (0.22, 3.37) | 2.23 (0.56, 8.85) | 0.49 (0.14, 1.68) | 0.91 (0.25, 3.31) | 0.41 (0.11, 1.58) | 0.60 (0.17, 2.11) | 0.34 (0.08, 1.36) | 0.75 (0.20, 2.79) | |
Have a girlfriend | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Yes | 0.81 (0.28, 2.38) | 0.89 (0.26, 3.02) | 0.72 (0.26, 1.99) | 0.91 (0.37, 2.27) | 1.28 (0.53, 3.07) | 1.55 (0.55, 4.34) | 0.91 (0.38, 2.17) | 0.65 (0.28, 1.54) | 0.74 (0.31, 1.78) | 0.70 (0.25, 2.01) | |
Have committed at least 1 type of delinquent behavior | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Ever | 8.81 (1.10, 70.78) | 8.08 (0.89, 73.59) | 0.39 (0.15, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.34, 2.17) | 0.94 (0.39, 2.28) | 0.58 (0.24, 1.37) | 11.90 (2.47, 57.29) | 26.62 (2.51, 282.90) | 6.60 (2.17, 20.08) | 4.91 (1.28, 18.78) | |
Have been victimized at least once | |||||||||||
Never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | |
Ever | 1.35 (0.38, 4.84) | - | 0.28 (0.07, 1.11) | 0.33 (0.10, 1.12) | 2.14 (0.43, 10.59) | 2.53 (0.50, 12.92) | - | - | - | - | |
Have at least 1 delinquent friend | |||||||||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
One or more | 2.00 (0.69, 5.78) | 1.11 (0.32, 3.87) | 0.11 (0.04, 0.29) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.28) | 1.33 (0.58, 3.03) | 1.40 (0.55, 3.55) | 6.23 (1.54, 25.14) | 2.55 (0.58, 11.23) | 9.50 (3.56, 25.36) | 6.01 (1.96, 18.41) | |
Without a guardian after school (d/wk) |
|||||||||||
Almost never | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | |
1-2 | 0.94 (0.17, 5.27) | - | 2.08 (0.64, 6.76) | - | 1.51 (0.39, 5.78) | - | - | - | - | - | |
≥3 | 0.90 (0.40, 1.99) | - | 1.29 (0.54, 3.09) | - | 1.55 (0.62, 3.87) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sleeping time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - | ||
≥8-<9 | 0.44 (0.15, 1.28) | 0.38 (0.13, 1.18) | 0.52 (0.12, 2.32) | - | 1.85 (0.49, 6.98) | 0.55 (0.10, 2.98) | - | - | - | ||
<8 | 0.62 (0.17, 2.25) | 0.59 (0.13, 2.67) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.59) | - | 1.10 (0.30, 4.00) | 0.62 (0.13, 2.91) | - | - | - | ||
Reading time (hr/d) | |||||||||||
≥1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
<1 | 1.13 (0.34, 3.75) | 1.65 (0.45, 6.09) | 1.17 (0.24, 5.72) | 1.46 (0.34, 6.32) | 2.03 (0.51, 7.99) | 2.27 (0.64, 8.05) | 0.52 (0.12, 2.27) | 0.80 (0.19, 3.39) | 3.33 (0.83, 13.38) | 3.20 (0.64, 16.01) | |
Never | 0.86 (0.25, 2.96) | 1.04 (0.27, 4.15) | 0.91 (0.23, 3.57) | 0.70 (0.17, 2.90) | 1.63 (0.43, 6.23) | 1.79 (0.51, 6.25) | 1.65 (0.40, 6.85) | 1.94 (0.44, 8.52) | 2.28 (0.69, 7.50) | 2.04 (0.60, 6.99) | |
PC/video game-playing time per day | |||||||||||
<30 min | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - | |
≥30 min-<2 hr | 2.20 (0.82, 5.94) | - | 0.93 (0.23, 3.80) | - | 3.46 (0.64, 18.61) | - | 0.55 (0.13, 2.26) | - | 1.19 (0.41, 3.50) | - | |
≥2 hr | 1.18 (0.40, 3.51) | - | 1.11 (0.26, 4.65) | - | 2.17 (0.52, 9.05) | - | 0.51 (0.13, 1.98) | - | 0.90 (0.29, 2.80) | - |
Values are presented as unweighted frequency (weighted %).
The variable indicating absence of a guardian after school was not collected at grades 9 and 10.
NA, not available. The variable indicating absence of a guardian after school was not collected at grades 9 and 10.
The variable indicating absence of a guardian after school was not collected at grades 9 and 10.
The variable indicating absence of a guardian after school was not collected at grades 9 and 10.