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Original Article
Can resident registration expiration statistics due to death be used for near-real-time mortality tracking? A validation study using 2023 data from Korea
Jin-Hwan Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025042.   Published online August 3, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025042
  • 3,132 View
  • 57 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Real-time mortality tracking is essential for public health surveillance, especially during emergencies such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In Korea, delayed availability of vital statistics (VS) data has hindered timely mortality monitoring. This study evaluates whether National Administrative Data (NAD) on resident registration expiration due to death, provided by the Ministry of Interior and Safety, could serve as a reliable alternative for near real-time mortality surveillance.
METHODS
We compared mortality counts between VS and NAD for 2023 at multiple geographic levels (county, province, and nation) and across demographic strata (sex and age groups). The analysis was conducted in 3 stages: comparing overall mortality counts, analyzing county-level distributions, and assessing equivalence through correlation analyses, scatter plots, and density plots.
RESULTS
NAD showed strong agreement with VS at the national level, reporting only 0.4% more deaths overall (0.2% for male, 0.6% for female). Notable differences were observed in early childhood mortality, with NAD showing 16.8% fewer deaths for neonates (age 0) and 14.8% more for ages 1-4, as well as in monthly variations (5-9%). Correlation analyses indicated extremely high consistency between the 2 data sources across all geographic levels (correlation coefficients ≥0.999), especially at the national and provincial levels.
CONCLUSIONS
NAD provides a reliable alternative to VS for real-time mortality surveillance in Korea, providing comparable accuracy with much-improved timeliness. Although some variations are present in specific age groups and monthly trends, these can be addressed through appropriate analytical strategies. The recent availability of sex-specific and age-specific data in NAD since 2023 establishes it as a valuable infrastructure for mortality surveillance.
Summary
Korean summary
- 행정자료(NAD)는 통계청 사망통계(VS)와 높은 일치도를 보여 신속한 사망 감시체계 구축에 활용할 수 있다. - 2023년부터 NAD에 성별·연령별 정보가 포함됨에 따라, 한국의 공중보건 위기 대응을 위한 핵심적인 사망 감시 인프라로 발전할 수 있게 되었다.
Key Message
- National Administrative Data (NAD) demonstrates high concordance with Vital Statistics (VS), making it applicable for establishing rapid mortality surveillance systems. - With the inclusion of sex- and age-specific information since 2023, NAD has evolved into a critical mortality surveillance infrastructure for South Korea's public health emergency response.
Data Profile
Data resource profile: the Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) database
Hye-Eun Lee, Yeon-gyeong Kim, Jin-Young Jeong, Dong-Hyun Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023016.   Published online February 2, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023016
  • 17,358 View
  • 170 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) is a model-based database containing annual data on health outcomes and determinants at the municipal level (<i>si/gun/gu</i>-level regions, including mid-sized cities, counties, and districts). K-CHSI’s health outcomes include overall mortality, disease incidence, prevalence rates, and self-reported health. Health determinants were measured in 5 domains: socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, social environment, physical environment, and the healthcare system. The data sources are 71 public databases, including Causes of Death Statistics, Cancer Registration Statistics, Community Health Survey, Population Census, and Census on Establishments and Statistics of Urban Plans. This dataset covers Korea’s 17 metropolitan cities and provinces, with data from approximately 250 municipal regions (<i>si/gun/gu</i>). The current version of the database (DB version 1.3) was built using 12 years of data from 2008 to 2019. All data included in K-CHSI may be downloaded via the Korea Community Health Survey site, with no login requirement (https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do). K-CHSI covers extensive health outcomes and health determinants at the municipal level over a period of more than 10 years, which enables ecological and time-series analyses of the relationships among various health outcomes and related factors.
Summary
Korean summary
지역사회 건강관련요인 데이터베이스는 17개 광역시도와 약 250개 시군구의 건강 결과 및 결정 요인에 대한 연간 데이터를 포함하는 모델 기반 데이터베이스이다. 본 데이터베이스의 건강 결과에는 사망률, 질병 발생률, 유병률, 자가 보고 건강상태 등이 포함되며 건강 결정 요인은 인구사회학적 환경, 건강 행태, 사회적 환경, 물리적 환경, 보건의료 체계의 5개 영역으로 구성되었다. 데이터는 질병관리청 지역사회건강조사 사이트에서 로그인 없이 다운로드할 수 있다(https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do).
Key Message
Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) is a model-based database containing annual data on health outcomes and determinants from 17 metropolitan cities and provinces, with data from approximately 250 municipal regions (si/gun/gu). K-CHSI’s health outcomes include overall mortality, disease incidence, prevalence rates, and self-reported health. Health determinants were measured in 5 domains: socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, social environment, physical environment, and the healthcare system. The data included in K-CHSI may be downloaded via the Korea Community Health Survey site, with no login requirement (https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • National trends of unmet healthcare needs and risk factors by household income level, 2010 to 2022: A Nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea
    Hyunjee Kim, Jaeyu Park, Jinyoung Jeong, Saiah Kim, Hayeon Lee, Hyeon Jin Kim, Yejun Son, Soeun Kim, Sooji Lee, Kyeongmin Lee, Hyesu Jo, Yesol Yim, Masoud Rahmati, Damiano Pizzol, Lee Smith, Ho Geol Woo, Dong Keon Yon
    Medicine.2026; 105(4): e47143.     CrossRef
  • Feasibility of Using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions to Identify Masticatory Discomfort in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
    Han-Nah Kim, Nam-Hee Kim
    Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2025; 25(3): 237.     CrossRef
  • A Spatial Assessment of Urban Welfare Facility Supply: Integrating Accessibility, Equity, and Demand for Daycare Centers and Senior Welfare Facilities
    Hee-Soo Hwang, Seunghyun Jung
    Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2024년 지역사회건강조사 기반 충청권 만성질환 건강지표의 지역별 현황 분석
    준형 장, 연화 최
    Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(41): 1510.     CrossRef
Original Article
Associations of regional-level perceived stress and depression with health-related quality of life in Korean adults: a multilevel analysis of 2017 Korea Community Health Survey data
Eunsu Kim, Min-Ho Shin, Jung-Ho Yang, Soon-Ki Ahn, Baeg-Ju Na, Hae-Sung Nam
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021062.   Published online September 8, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021062
  • 20,535 View
  • 291 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We examined the associations of individual and regional-level perceived stress and depression with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Korean adults.
METHODS
We used data from the 2017 Korea Community Health Survey, which included 216,713 adults living within 254 municipal districts. As individual-level independent variables, perceived stress (higher vs. lower) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ≥10) were defined. Regional-level age-adjusted rates of perceived stress (%) and depression (%) were created for 254 municipal districts and categorized into quartiles to generate regional levels of stress and depression. HRQOL was defined as the individual-level EuroQol 5-dimensional index×100. A multilevel analysis was performed to identify the relationship between individual or regional-level independent variables and individual HRQOL.
RESULTS
In the null model, the proportions of individual variation in the HRQOL explained by region were 1.7% and 2.7% for men and women, respectively. When adjusted with all individual-level variables, regional stress and depression, as well as individual-level perceived stress and depression, were significantly related to HRQOL for both genders. In the full model including all variables, the decrease in HRQOL from the first to the fourth quartile group of regional stress was greater in women (-1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.87 to -0.31) than in men (-0.65; 95% CI, -1.04 to -0.26).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that regional-level perceived stress and depression, as well as individual-level perceived stress and depression, are inversely associated with individual HRQOL.
Summary
Korean summary
시군구 단위 스트레스 인지율과 우울 유병률이 개인 단위 건강관련 삶의 질 수준과 연관성을 갖는지 파악하고자 지역사회건강조사 자료를 이용하여 다수준 분석을 수행하였다. 개인 수준에서 인지된 스트레스와 우울은 건강관련 삶의 질 감소와 관련이 있었다. 스트레스와 우울 수준이 높은 시군구일수록 개인의 건강관련 삶의 질은 낮아지는 관계를 보였는데, 이는 남성보다는 여성에서 더 저명하였다.
Key Message
This study examined the associations of regional-level perceived stress and depression with individual HRQOL measured in terms of the EQ-5D using a multilevel model. Individual-level perceived stress and depression were significantly related to individual HRQOL. Regional stress and depression were also significant factors and both had greater negative impacts on HRQOL among women than among men.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Gender-specific secular trends and related factors of high perceived stress level among Korean older adults: a nation-wide serial cross-sectional study
    Eunjeong Choi, Hyun-Ju Seo, Kye Ha Kim, Sun-Young Jung
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Depression-related Factors among Young Adults Pre- and Post-COVID-19: Focusing on the Early Pandemic Period
    So Hyun Kim
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2025; 50(4): 370.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Health-Related Quality of Life across the Life Cycle in One-Person Households among Korean Adults
    Myung-Ock Chae
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2024; 35: 125.     CrossRef
  • Association between seafood intake and depression in Korean adults: analysis of data from the 2014–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Hyemin Shin, Won Jang, Yangha Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(6): 702.     CrossRef
  • Depression before and during-COVID-19 by Gender in the Korean Population
    Won-Tae Cha, Hye-Jin Joo, Yu-Shin Park, Eun-Cheol Park, Soo-Young Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3477.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Regional Levels of Particulate Matter and Recurrent Falls in Korea
    Jung-Ho Yang, Ji-An Jeong, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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