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Epidemiology of Malaria in Korea, 2000.
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Jung Sik Yoo, Kyung Hee Lee, Un Yeong Goh, Jong Soo Lee, Byung Guk Yang
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2001;23(2):19-24.
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PURPOSE
In Korea, vivax malaria re-emerged in 1993 and the outbreak continued in several areas near the DMZ until now.
This study was conducted to define the epidemiologic pattern of malaria in Korea and to examine the changes comparing to the one in 1999.METHODS We collected information about civilian, veteran patients through the National malaria surveillance system and soldier from the Ministry of National Defense. We analyze epidemiological characteristics of malaria by groups (civilian, veteran, soldier).RESULTS The reported cases of malaria in 2000 were 4,142 that number is an increase of 14% in numbers compared with those of 1999's. Most of cases occured in 17 counties nearby DMZ and from May to October(98.7%) seasonally. The incidence rates (per 100,000) in 2000 by residence were 17.0 in Gangwon-Do, 15.5 in Incheon Metropolitan city, 10.3 in Gyeonggi-Do was dereased. The risk area in 2000 were 17 counties located nearly DMZ and the high risk area were 5 counties where the incidence rate greater than 100. In case of civilian and veteran, the time required to diagnosis from onset of symptom was 8.1 days on the average.CONCLUSION Epidemiologic pattern of malaria in 2000 did not differ from the one in 1999. Et showed regional spread (increasing risk area) but incidence rate was lowered in the high risk area of 1999. And it is necessary that we pay more attention to Gangwon-Do and Incheon metrocity to reduce the incidence rate in 2001.
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An epidemiologic study on the leptospiral infection in the period of an anticipated epidemic: for soldires stationed in a rural area.
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Bo Youl Choi, Dae Eun Chung, Soo Jin Lee, Hung Bae Park, Jeoung Bae Park, Kyung Hee Lee, Jeong Soon Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(2):91-101.
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No abstract available.
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An Epidemiologic Study on the Leptospiral Infection in the Period of an Anticipated Epidemic
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Bo Youl Choi, Dae Eun Chung, Soo Jin Lee, Hung-Bae Park, Jeoung Bae Park, Kyung Hee Lee, Jeong Soon Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):91-101. Published online June 30, 1992
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A large epidemic of leptospirosis was anticipated in September 1990 because flood has resulted the heavy rain for 4 consecutive days from the 8th of September, 1990, in the Yang-pyeung Gun (Country), a farm area of Central Korea. Actually, patients were already appearing sporadically soon after the flood. Soldiers of ROK Army units stationed in this area were under the higher risk since many of them participated in field works (such as tieing rice plant fallen by the flood) as a part of Civil Aid Plan.
The objectives of this study were 1) to detect infected ones at early stage 2) to estimate the attack rates of infection and apparent infection through serologic examinations, 3) to estimate pathogenecity and case-fatality rate and 4) to compare the rates of infection by the type of work and the use of protective devices.
All of those with febrile episode were interviewed and the leptospiral antibody was examined during the one month period after the field work. Serologic examinations (including the interview) were done twice with 1 week interval (first on 8th to 10th of October, about 4 weeks following the days of field work) for 446 soldiers belong to three companies stationed in the country area. The serologic test (Microscopic agglutination test) were performed with 4 strains. Icterohemorrhagiae lai and Canicola canicola Hond Utrecht IV as standard strains, and 6P-049-1 and YP-35-1 as strains isolated in Korea in 1986, in accordance with WHO guideline.
The results are as follows.
1. Among 57 febrile, suspected cases, 37 had serological tests twice and, 20 of them (54.1%) were serologically confirmed to be infected whereas among other 20 subjects who had single serological test, only 2 persons (10.0%) were serologically positive.
2. The dates of onset of fever in confirmed cases were clustered in 10 to 20 days from late September to early October, which coincided well with the duration of exposure (Sep. 13-18).
3. The attack rate of infection and apparent infection were estimated to be 11.2% (95% C. I. ; 8.3-14.1%), 1.8% (95% C. I. ; 0.7-3.1%). Pathogenecity and case-fatality rate were estimated to be 16.0% (95% C. I. ; 6.0-26.0%) and 0%, respectively.
4. The attack rate of infection of persons who worked in rice paddy for 3-6 days, for 1-2 days and participated in other field work were 3.5, 2.7 and 2.1 time high respectively as high as that of persons who did not join in field work (p<0.05).
5. The effectiveness of protective devices shown in this study was rater poor; perhaps the preparation of the protective devices was not sufficient because the mobilization of army is usually a sudden order. For more satisfactory prevention in the future, a complete clothing (including glove and boots) and chemoprophyaxis (with doxycycline) are recommended.
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A case-control study for risk factors on primary liver cancer
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Soo Yong Choi, Kyung Hee Lee, Taik Koo Yun
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1986;8(2):211-220.
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This study is to investigate risk factors in primary liver cancer due to hepatitis B virus(HBV), smoking, drinking and other risk factors by a case-control study.
Two hundred and three patients with primary liver cancer and 609 hospital controls were analyzed.
The summary of the results are as followings:
1) There were 172(84.7) male cases with a mean age of 50.0 years and the 31(15.3%) female cases had a mean age of 50.7 years.
2) The positive rates of HBsAg for PLC patients, and controls without cancer and with cancer were 70.4%, and 7.1% and 7.9% respectively.
3) Active HBV infection, indicated by positive tests for HBsAg or anti-HBc without anti-HBs was 80.2% in PLC patients and 23.4% in controls(p < 0.001). An estimated relative risk of PLC was 8.9 times of the risk in subject without evidence of active infection.
4) Patients with markers, anti-HBs or anti-HBs and anti-HBc had approximately the same low risk for PLC.(Estimated relative risk:0.8 and 0.7)
5) Three viral markers without HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected 3.0% of PLC patients and in 20.9% of controls.
6) There was a dose-response relationship between PLC and alcohol.
7) There was no significant association between cigarette smoking and PLC negative for HBsAg.
8) There was no significant positive association between PLC, and history of blood transfusion and history of acupuncture.
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A study on concern with cervical cancer and attitudes toward a screening examination among rural Koreans
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Kyung Hee Lee, Soo Young Chi, Taik Koo Yun
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1986;8(1):11-22.
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A survey was carried out during the period from October to November of 1985 to obtain information on concern with cancer and its symptom, attitudes toward a screening examination and demographic and socioeconomic aspects in the decision to the screening. Interviewed were 1,355 married women who participated in the screening examination and 278 married women selected by simple random sampling in Yangju-Gun, Gyounggi-Do.
The results summarized are as followings：
1) Among the population tested, 1,351 women (99.7%) was negative, 2 positive and 2 dysplasia.
2) The participants in the screening examination tended to be younger, better educated and better economic status than the nonparticipants.
3) Fifty-two percent of the participants and 33.6 percent of the nonparticipants reported that there had been times when they wondered if they had cervical cancer.
4) The participants tended to report more symptoms of cervical cancer than the nonparticipants.
5) There was general agreements among the paricipants and the nonparticipants on “Pap tests should be taken every year” and “If caught in its early stages, cervical cancer can be cured”.
6) Among the population studied 25% had been tested. The proportion tested was 27% in the partticipants and 15% in the nonparticipants respectively.
7) Proportions of women tested less than two years, between two and four years ago and more than 4 years were 14%, 8% and 3% respectively.
8) The proportion not tested in the past five years was 72% in the participants and 84% in the nonparticipants respectively. Proportions of women tested only once, twice and three or more were 23%, 2% and 1% in the participants, and 14%, 1% and 3% in the nonparticipants.
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