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The association between metabolic syndrome and heart failure in middle-aged men and women : population-based study of 2 million individuals
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Tae-Eun Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, JiDong Sung, Duk-Kyung Kim, Myoung-Soon Lee, Seong Woo Han, Hyun-Joong Kim, Sung Hea Kim, Kyu-Hyung Ryu
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;e2022078. Published online September 21, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022078
[Accepted]
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 Abstract
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Abstract
Objectives
Although the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and heart failure (HF) risk is known, large longitudinal studies are limited. In this study, we investigated metabolic status as a risk factor for HF in middle-aged men and women and considered sex differences in various risk factors for HF using nationwide real-world data.
Methods Data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2009 to 2016 were analyzed. A total of 2151597 middle-age subjects (between 50 and 59 years old) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into three groups (normal, Pre‐MetS and MetS). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between MetS and incident HF after adjusting for clinical risk factors.
Results At baseline, MetS existed in 23,77% of men and 10.58% of women. Pre-MetS and MetS increased the risk of HF: the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of pre-MetS was 1.508 (1.287-1.767) in men and 1.395 (1.158-1.681) in women; the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of MetS was 1.711 (1.433-2.044) in men and 2.144 (1.674-2.747) in women. Current smoking, low hemoglobin level, underweight (BMI<18.5) and high creatinine level as well as acute myocardial infarction were also predictors of HF in both men and women.
Conclusions This study confirmed that pre-MetS and MetS are risk factors for HF in middle-aged men and women. The effect of MetS on the occurrence of HF was stronger in women than in men. Pre-MetS was also a predictor of HF but was associated with a lower risk than MetS.
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Summary
Korean summary
Key Message
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