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This study was carried out on about 25,000 Korean middle school children in 1984 in order to understand epidemiologic characteristics of HBsAg positive status as a part of study entitled “physical and intellectual development of Korean children in relation to family formation pattern”. The HBsAg was tested by modified immunodiffusion test. Summarized results are as following: 1) HBsAg positive rates in four different areas, namely urban well-to-do, urban slum, mountainous area, coastal area were significantly different each another, the coastal area being the highest (9.0% for male and 7.1% for female). 2) There was no statistical difference by age, 12-16 years of age, in the same area and sex, however, male children showed higher positive rates than female children in all areas. 3) The HBsAg positive rates were higher among the children whose father's professional status and mother's educational level were lower than those children with higher socioeconomic status. 4) The HBsAg positive rates were higher among the children who were from the larger family with higher crowding index, with more numerous siblings and with later birth orders than the children with fewer siblings and earlier birth orders.