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1Division of Clinical Research, Research Institute, National cancer center, Goyang, Korea
2Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
3Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
4Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
5Division of Clinical Research, Interventional Medicine Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
6Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
7Center for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
© 2024, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
Funding
This research received support from a grant provided by the National Cancer Center, Korea (NCC-2110660).
Author contributions
Conceptualization: Kang S. Formal analysis: Jang J. Funding acquisition: Kang S. Methodology: Kang S, Jang J, Choi W, Sim SH. Project administration: Kang S. Writing-original draft: Jang J. Writing-review & editing: Kang S, Choi W, Sim SH.
Year | Trials open to non-capital area | Trials open to capital area | TGEI1 |
---|---|---|---|
2012 | 69 | 178 | 0.39 |
2013 | 66 | 146 | 0.45 |
2014 | 82 | 181 | 0.45 |
2015 | 107 | 233 | 0.46 |
2016 | 84 | 172 | 0.49 |
2017 | 102 | 233 | 0.44 |
2018 | 107 | 225 | 0.48 |
2019 | 107 | 193 | 0.55 |
2020 | 119 | 269 | 0.44 |
2021 | 130 | 264 | 0.49 |
2022 | 94 | 221 | 0.43 |
2023 | 36 | 85 | 0.42 |
Year |
Phase II/III trials |
Trials other than phase II/III |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trials testing therapeutic from a global company |
Trials testing therapeutic from a domestic company |
Trials testing therapeutic from a global company |
Trials testing therapeutic from a domestic company |
|||||||||
Non-capital1 | Capital2 | TGEI3 | Non-capital1 | Capital2 | TGEI3 | Non-capital1 | Capital2 | TGEI3 | Non-capital1 | Capital2 | TGEI3 | |
2012 | 25 | 63 | 0.40 | 11 | 16 | 0.69 | 7 | 29 | 0.24 | 26 | 70 | 0.37 |
2013 | 31 | 71 | 0.44 | 12 | 17 | 0.71 | 7 | 25 | 0.28 | 16 | 33 | 0.48 |
2014 | 44 | 85 | 0.52 | 7 | 10 | 0.70 | 9 | 36 | 0.25 | 22 | 50 | 0.44 |
2015 | 62 | 111 | 0.56 | 7 | 10 | 0.70 | 9 | 45 | 0.20 | 29 | 67 | 0.43 |
2016 | 43 | 71 | 0.61 | 3 | 6 | 0.50 | 14 | 43 | 0.33 | 24 | 52 | 0.46 |
2017 | 57 | 93 | 0.61 | 7 | 7 | 1.00 | 8 | 49 | 0.16 | 30 | 84 | 0.36 |
2018 | 55 | 96 | 0.57 | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | 13 | 45 | 0.29 | 35 | 80 | 0.44 |
2019 | 65 | 87 | 0.75 | 4 | 5 | 0.80 | 10 | 35 | 0.29 | 28 | 66 | 0.42 |
2020 | 71 | 108 | 0.66 | 4 | 10 | 0.40 | 23 | 74 | 0.31 | 21 | 77 | 0.27 |
2021 | 81 | 127 | 0.64 | 4 | 7 | 0.57 | 20 | 66 | 0.30 | 25 | 64 | 0.39 |
2022 | 58 | 89 | 0.65 | 4 | 16 | 0.25 | 12 | 67 | 0.18 | 20 | 49 | 0.41 |
2023 | 19 | 31 | 0.61 | 3 | 7 | 0.43 | 11 | 28 | 0.39 | 3 | 19 | 0.16 |
Characteristics | Total | Trials open to both capital and non-capital areas | Trials open to capital area only | Trials open to non-capital area only | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of trials | 2,465 | 1,038 | 1,362 | 65 | |
Phase | <0.01 | ||||
II/III | 1,160 (100) | 668 (57.6) | 479 (41.3) | 13 (1.1) | |
Others | 1,305 (100) | 370 (28.3) | 883 (67.7) | 52 (4.0) | |
Developer of therapeutic | <0.01 | ||||
Global company | 1,582 (100) | 746 (47.2) | 828 (52.3) | 8 (0.5) | |
Domestic company | 883 (100) | 292 (33.1) | 534 (60.4) | 57 (6.5) |
Year | Trials open to non-capital area | Trials open to capital area | TGEI |
---|---|---|---|
2012 | 69 | 178 | 0.39 |
2013 | 66 | 146 | 0.45 |
2014 | 82 | 181 | 0.45 |
2015 | 107 | 233 | 0.46 |
2016 | 84 | 172 | 0.49 |
2017 | 102 | 233 | 0.44 |
2018 | 107 | 225 | 0.48 |
2019 | 107 | 193 | 0.55 |
2020 | 119 | 269 | 0.44 |
2021 | 130 | 264 | 0.49 |
2022 | 94 | 221 | 0.43 |
2023 | 36 | 85 | 0.42 |
Year | Phase II/III trials |
Trials other than phase II/III |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trials testing therapeutic from a global company |
Trials testing therapeutic from a domestic company |
Trials testing therapeutic from a global company |
Trials testing therapeutic from a domestic company |
|||||||||
Non-capital |
Capital |
TGEI |
Non-capital |
Capital |
TGEI |
Non-capital |
Capital |
TGEI |
Non-capital |
Capital |
TGEI |
|
2012 | 25 | 63 | 0.40 | 11 | 16 | 0.69 | 7 | 29 | 0.24 | 26 | 70 | 0.37 |
2013 | 31 | 71 | 0.44 | 12 | 17 | 0.71 | 7 | 25 | 0.28 | 16 | 33 | 0.48 |
2014 | 44 | 85 | 0.52 | 7 | 10 | 0.70 | 9 | 36 | 0.25 | 22 | 50 | 0.44 |
2015 | 62 | 111 | 0.56 | 7 | 10 | 0.70 | 9 | 45 | 0.20 | 29 | 67 | 0.43 |
2016 | 43 | 71 | 0.61 | 3 | 6 | 0.50 | 14 | 43 | 0.33 | 24 | 52 | 0.46 |
2017 | 57 | 93 | 0.61 | 7 | 7 | 1.00 | 8 | 49 | 0.16 | 30 | 84 | 0.36 |
2018 | 55 | 96 | 0.57 | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | 13 | 45 | 0.29 | 35 | 80 | 0.44 |
2019 | 65 | 87 | 0.75 | 4 | 5 | 0.80 | 10 | 35 | 0.29 | 28 | 66 | 0.42 |
2020 | 71 | 108 | 0.66 | 4 | 10 | 0.40 | 23 | 74 | 0.31 | 21 | 77 | 0.27 |
2021 | 81 | 127 | 0.64 | 4 | 7 | 0.57 | 20 | 66 | 0.30 | 25 | 64 | 0.39 |
2022 | 58 | 89 | 0.65 | 4 | 16 | 0.25 | 12 | 67 | 0.18 | 20 | 49 | 0.41 |
2023 | 19 | 31 | 0.61 | 3 | 7 | 0.43 | 11 | 28 | 0.39 | 3 | 19 | 0.16 |
Values are presented as number (%).
TGEI, trial geographical equity index. Ratio of the number of trials open to the non-capital area relative to the number open to the capital area.
TGEI, trial geographical equity index. Cancer clinical trials open to non-capital area. Cancer clinical trials open to capital area. Ratio of the number of trials open to the non-capital area relative to the number open to the capital area.