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While there has not been a nationwide cancer incidence data yet, it is necessary to consider a preferable method for estimation of nationwide cancer incidence under the cancer registry system in Korea. Some papers and texts related to estimate a nationwide cancer incidence were searched and reviewed. It could be summarized into 5 major methods: (1) for having only mortality data for all cancers, (2) of using major demographic factors, (3) of using nationwide mortality data, (4) of using nationwide mortality and survival data, and (5) of considering cancer risk factors. Among the methods, second method of using major demographic factors would be preferable in Korean situation