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1Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
2University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
3Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
©2021, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
FUNDING
This research came from internal funds from Baylor College of Medicine.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: APT. Data curation: FJG, APT. Formal analysis: FJG. Funding acquisition: APT. Methodology: FJG, APT. Project administration: APT. Visualization: FJG. Writing – original draft: FJG, APT. Writing – review & editing: FJG, APT.
Cancer site | Exposure category (smoker) | Males | Females |
---|---|---|---|
Lung, bronchus1 | Current | 25.3 | 22.9 |
Former | 6.8 | 6.8 | |
Oral cavity, pharynx2 | Current | 5.7 | 5.6 |
Former | 1.7 | 2.2 | |
Larynx | Current | 13.9 | 103.8 |
Former | 2.4 | 11.6 | |
Esophagus | Current | 3.9 | 5.1 |
Former | 2.6 | 2.2 | |
Stomach | Current | 1.9 | 1.7 |
Former | 1.5 | 1.17 | |
Pancreas | Current | 1.6 | 1.9 |
Former | 1.0 | 1.2 | |
Colorectum | Current | 1.4 | 1.6 |
Former | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
Liver | Current | 2.3 | 1.8 |
Former | 1.5 | 1.17 | |
Kidney, renal pelvis, ureter3 | Current | 1.8 | 1.27 |
Former | 1.5 | 1.27 | |
Urinary bladder | Current | 3.9 | 3.9 |
Former | 2.4 | 2.3 | |
Cervix | Current | - | 1.9 |
Former | - | 1.5 | |
Ovary (mucinous; histology codes: 8470,8471,8480,8481)4 | Current | - | 1.17 |
Former | - | 1.17 | |
Myeloid leukemia5 | Current | 1.9 | 1.17 |
Former | 1.4 | 1.17 | |
Nasal cavity, accessory sinuses (primary site codes: C300,C310-319)6 | Current | 1.95 | 1.95 |
Former | 1.39 | 1.39 |
Variables | Lung, bronchus | Oral cavity, pharynx | Larynx | Esophagus | Stomach | Pancreas | Colorectum | Liver | Kidney, renal pelvis, ureter | Urinary bladder | Cervix | Ovary (mucinous) | Myeloid leukemia | Nasal cavity, accessory sinuses | All cancers PAF (excess cases)1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 86.9 | 53.4 | 74.3 | 54.2 | 26.5 | 9.3 | 13.1 | 30.8 | 25.3 | 52.5 | - | - | 23.9 | 24.3 | 23.3 (11,993) | |
Females | 81.9 | 49.2 | 94.9 | 46.5 | 11.3 | 15.0 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 6.8 | 41.3 | 17.8 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 18.7 | 13.5 (7,006) | |
Persons | 84.7 | 52.3 | 77.9 | 52.6 | 20.2 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 26.1 | 18.2 | 49.8 | 17.8 | 3.1 | 15.1 | 22.5 | 18.4 (19,000) | |
Non-Hispanic Whites | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 86.5 | 51.2 | 72.5 | 53.8 | 26.6 | 8.1 | 12.9 | 29.6 | 25.2 | 52.4 | - | - | 23.8 | 24.3 | 24.4 (8,076) | |
Females | 82.6 | 51.2 | 95.2 | 48.1 | 11.7 | 15.7 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 7.5 | 42.9 | 20.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 19.8 | 15.8 (5,076) | |
Persons | 84.7 | 51.2 | 77.3 | 52.7 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 12.8 | 25.4 | 18.8 | 50.2 | 20.8 | 3.7 | 15.4 | 22.6 | 20.2 (13,152) | |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 87.5 | 62.1 | 76.8 | 53.2 | 28.1 | 16.9 | 15.0 | 39.0 | 27.3 | 51.0 | - | - | 27.3 | 28.0 | 24.4 (1,463) | |
Females | 87.6 | 56.7 | 96.4 | 58.1 | 17.0 | 22.9 | 16.3 | 19.3 | 8.4 | 51.8 | 20.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 28.0 | 15.8 (953) | |
Persons | 87.5 | 60.3 | 80.2 | 54.8 | 23.1 | 20.1 | 15.6 | 34.2 | 19.6 | 51.3 | 20.2 | 4.2 | 16.0 | 28.0 | 20.1 (2,416) | |
Hispanics | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 85.8 | 53.8 | 73.1 | 53.3 | 25.8 | 10.0 | 13.1 | 31.3 | 24.7 | 51.0 | - | - | 23.6 | 24.3 | 19.6 (2,092) | |
Females | 72.0 | 36.7 | 84.9 | 34.7 | 7.7 | 9.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 4.6 | 27.0 | 11.6 | 1.9 | 8.5 | 14.9 | 6.8 (810) | |
Persons | 80.1 | 49.0 | 73.9 | 50.3 | 17.7 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 25.0 | 16.4 | 45.1 | 11.6 | 1.9 | 17.5 | 22.3 | 12.8 (2,902) | |
Other races/ethnicities | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 83.2 | 50.6 | 63.7 | 47.3 | 22.3 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 27.9 | 22.0 | 43.9 | - | - | 21.3 | 20.7 | 17.7 (301) | |
Females | 78.1 | 49.3 | 18.5 | 38.5 | 11.6 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 6.5 | 34.6 | 21.0 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 15.8 | 9.5 (174) | |
Persons | 81.1 | 50.1 | 60.5 | 46.0 | 17.9 | 11.8 | 12.1 | 24.0 | 16.0 | 42.2 | 21.0 | 3.4 | 11.6 | 18.9 | 13.4 (475) |
Cancer site | Exposure category (smoker) | Males | Females |
---|---|---|---|
Lung, bronchus |
Current | 25.3 | 22.9 |
Former | 6.8 | 6.8 | |
Oral cavity, pharynx |
Current | 5.7 | 5.6 |
Former | 1.7 | 2.2 | |
Larynx | Current | 13.9 | 103.8 |
Former | 2.4 | 11.6 | |
Esophagus | Current | 3.9 | 5.1 |
Former | 2.6 | 2.2 | |
Stomach | Current | 1.9 | 1.7 |
Former | 1.5 | 1.1 |
|
Pancreas | Current | 1.6 | 1.9 |
Former | 1.0 | 1.2 | |
Colorectum | Current | 1.4 | 1.6 |
Former | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
Liver | Current | 2.3 | 1.8 |
Former | 1.5 | 1.1 |
|
Kidney, renal pelvis, ureter |
Current | 1.8 | 1.2 |
Former | 1.5 | 1.2 |
|
Urinary bladder | Current | 3.9 | 3.9 |
Former | 2.4 | 2.3 | |
Cervix | Current | - | 1.9 |
Former | - | 1.5 | |
Ovary (mucinous; histology codes: 8470,8471,8480,8481) |
Current | - | 1.1 |
Former | - | 1.1 |
|
Myeloid leukemia |
Current | 1.9 | 1.1 |
Former | 1.4 | 1.1 |
|
Nasal cavity, accessory sinuses (primary site codes: C300,C310-319) |
Current | 1.95 | 1.95 |
Former | 1.39 | 1.39 |
Variables | Males |
Females |
Persons |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current smoker | Former smoker | Both | Current smoker | Former smoker | Both | Current smoker | Former smoker | Both | ||
All | 20.6 | 27.3 | 47.9 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 31.7 | 18.1 | 21.7 | 39.8 | |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 17.3 | 32.5 | 49.8 | 17.8 | 20.5 | 38.3 | 17.6 | 26.7 | 44.3 | |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 34.3 | 15.2 | 49.5 | 20.0 | 10.4 | 30.4 | 25.6 | 12.3 | 37.9 | |
Hispanics | 24.9 | 18.9 | 43.8 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 18.4 | 16.4 | 13.9 | 30.3 | |
Other races/ethnicities | 20.8 | 21.0 | 41.8 | 22.8 | 11.5 | 34.3 | 21.7 | 17.0 | 38.7 | |
Age (yr) | ||||||||||
18-24 | 31.3 | 10.7 | 42.0 | 14.6 | 7.2 | 21.8 | 23.4 | 9.0 | 32.4 | |
25-34 | 18.4 | 12.2 | 30.6 | 12.8 | 9.8 | 22.6 | 15.6 | 11.0 | 26.6 | |
35-44 | 18.5 | 21.4 | 39.9 | 19.8 | 12.9 | 32.7 | 19.1 | 17.2 | 36.3 | |
45-54 | 24.1 | 32.7 | 56.8 | 20.4 | 16.1 | 36.5 | 22.3 | 24.5 | 46.8 | |
55-64 | 18.3 | 50.6 | 68.9 | 16.3 | 26.3 | 42.6 | 17.3 | 38.0 | 55.3 | |
65-74 | 11.4 | 51.1 | 62.5 | 10.5 | 26.0 | 36.5 | 10.9 | 37.5 | 48.4 | |
75-84 | 7.5 | 57.5 | 65.0 | 7.0 | 29.7 | 36.7 | 7.2 | 39.8 | 47.0 | |
≥85 | 21.2 | 51.7 | 72.9 | 6.8 | 24.7 | 31.5 | 13.2 | 36.7 | 49.9 |
Variables | Lung, bronchus | Oral cavity, pharynx | Larynx | Esophagus | Stomach | Pancreas | Colorectum | Liver | Kidney, renal pelvis, ureter | Urinary bladder | Cervix | Ovary (mucinous) | Myeloid leukemia | Nasal cavity, accessory sinuses | All cancers PAF (excess cases) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 86.9 | 53.4 | 74.3 | 54.2 | 26.5 | 9.3 | 13.1 | 30.8 | 25.3 | 52.5 | - | - | 23.9 | 24.3 | 23.3 (11,993) | |
Females | 81.9 | 49.2 | 94.9 | 46.5 | 11.3 | 15.0 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 6.8 | 41.3 | 17.8 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 18.7 | 13.5 (7,006) | |
Persons | 84.7 | 52.3 | 77.9 | 52.6 | 20.2 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 26.1 | 18.2 | 49.8 | 17.8 | 3.1 | 15.1 | 22.5 | 18.4 (19,000) | |
Non-Hispanic Whites | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 86.5 | 51.2 | 72.5 | 53.8 | 26.6 | 8.1 | 12.9 | 29.6 | 25.2 | 52.4 | - | - | 23.8 | 24.3 | 24.4 (8,076) | |
Females | 82.6 | 51.2 | 95.2 | 48.1 | 11.7 | 15.7 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 7.5 | 42.9 | 20.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 19.8 | 15.8 (5,076) | |
Persons | 84.7 | 51.2 | 77.3 | 52.7 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 12.8 | 25.4 | 18.8 | 50.2 | 20.8 | 3.7 | 15.4 | 22.6 | 20.2 (13,152) | |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 87.5 | 62.1 | 76.8 | 53.2 | 28.1 | 16.9 | 15.0 | 39.0 | 27.3 | 51.0 | - | - | 27.3 | 28.0 | 24.4 (1,463) | |
Females | 87.6 | 56.7 | 96.4 | 58.1 | 17.0 | 22.9 | 16.3 | 19.3 | 8.4 | 51.8 | 20.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 28.0 | 15.8 (953) | |
Persons | 87.5 | 60.3 | 80.2 | 54.8 | 23.1 | 20.1 | 15.6 | 34.2 | 19.6 | 51.3 | 20.2 | 4.2 | 16.0 | 28.0 | 20.1 (2,416) | |
Hispanics | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 85.8 | 53.8 | 73.1 | 53.3 | 25.8 | 10.0 | 13.1 | 31.3 | 24.7 | 51.0 | - | - | 23.6 | 24.3 | 19.6 (2,092) | |
Females | 72.0 | 36.7 | 84.9 | 34.7 | 7.7 | 9.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 4.6 | 27.0 | 11.6 | 1.9 | 8.5 | 14.9 | 6.8 (810) | |
Persons | 80.1 | 49.0 | 73.9 | 50.3 | 17.7 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 25.0 | 16.4 | 45.1 | 11.6 | 1.9 | 17.5 | 22.3 | 12.8 (2,902) | |
Other races/ethnicities | ||||||||||||||||
Males | 83.2 | 50.6 | 63.7 | 47.3 | 22.3 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 27.9 | 22.0 | 43.9 | - | - | 21.3 | 20.7 | 17.7 (301) | |
Females | 78.1 | 49.3 | 18.5 | 38.5 | 11.6 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 6.5 | 34.6 | 21.0 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 15.8 | 9.5 (174) | |
Persons | 81.1 | 50.1 | 60.5 | 46.0 | 17.9 | 11.8 | 12.1 | 24.0 | 16.0 | 42.2 | 21.0 | 3.4 | 11.6 | 18.9 | 13.4 (475) |
RR for trachea, lung, bronchus. RR for lip and oral cavity. RR for kidney and renal pelvis. RR for ovary. RR for acute myeloid leukemia. RR for nasal-sinuses, nasopharynx. The reported confidence interval includes the null value.
Current smoker: every day or some days+smoked 100 cigarettes in lifetime; Former smoker: smoked 100 cigarettes in lifetime+not currently smoking.
Totals may not sum manually due to rounding. Excluding basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin; All cancers combined are displayed as PAF (excess cases).