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Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
©2019, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: YJ, YC. Data curation: YJ. Formal analysis: YJ. Funding acquisition: None. Methodology: YJ. Project administration: None. Visualization: YJ. Writing–original draft: YJ. Writing-review & editing: YJ, YC.
Variables |
Smoking |
Drinking |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 11 | Model 21 | Model 32 | Model 42 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Divorced, widowed, or separated | 2.74 (2.07, 3.62) | 2.46 (1.84, 3.30) | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.40) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.19) | 1.18 (0.93, 1.49) |
Unmarried | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.81) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.82) | 0.64 (0.56, 0.73) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) |
Education level (high) | 0.64 (0.60, 0.67) | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) | 0.91 (0.87, 0.96) | |||
Household income level (high) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 1.21 (1.17, 1.26) | |||
Region | ||||||
Seoul | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
Other regions | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) |
Variables | Seoul |
Other regions |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Married | Divorced, widowed, or separated | Unmarried | p-value (χ2-test) | Married | Divorced, widowed, or separated | Unmarried | p-value (χ2-test) | |
Smoking status | ||||||||
Non-smoking | 22.9 | 12.0 | 26.6 | 20.9 | 11.3 | 20.4 | ||
Ex-smoking | 33.7 | 28.0 | 24.5 | 0.002 | 30.1 | 15.8 | 20.4 | <0.001 |
Current smoking | 43.4 | 60.0 | 48.9 | 49.0 | 72.9 | 59.3 | ||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
Non-drinking | 15.9 | 12.0 | 23.4 | 0.032 | 17.8 | 19.1 | 25.2 | <0.001 |
Drinking | 84.1 | 88.0 | 76.6 | 82.2 | 80.9 | 74.8 | ||
Physical activity (yes) | ||||||||
Vigorous | 19.7 | 30.0 | 23.9 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 17.2 | ||
Moderate | 8.9 | 16.0 | 13.0 | 0.118 | 13.3 | 15.3 | 14.2 | 0.005 |
Walking | 54.6 | 66.0 | 61.4 | 33.1 | 35.1 | 39.2 | ||
Subjective health status | ||||||||
Excellent/very good | 48.8 | 48.0 | 39.7 | 0.081 | 48.4 | 44.8 | 43.0 | <0.001 |
Others | 51.2 | 52.0 | 60.3 | 51.6 | 55.3 | 57.0 |
Variables | Smoking |
Drinking |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Divorced, widowed, or separated | 2.74 (2.07, 3.62) | 2.46 (1.84, 3.30) | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.40) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.19) | 1.18 (0.93, 1.49) |
Unmarried | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.81) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.82) | 0.64 (0.56, 0.73) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) |
Education level (high) | 0.64 (0.60, 0.67) | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) | 0.91 (0.87, 0.96) | |||
Household income level (high) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 1.21 (1.17, 1.26) | |||
Region | ||||||
Seoul | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
Other regions | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) |
Variables | Vigorous physical activity (no) |
Walking (no) |
Subjective health status (other than excellent or very good) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Divorced, widowed or separated | 1.06 (0.85, 1.31) | 1.13 (0.90, 1.41) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.35) | 1.15 (0.96, 1.37) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.24) |
Unmarried | 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) | 1.32 (1.18, 1.47) | 1.30 (1.15, 1.46) | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.28) |
Education level (high) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) | 0.90 (0.86, 0.93) | |||
Household income level (high) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | |||
Region | ||||||
Seoul | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
Other regions | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) | 0.41 (0.36, 0.47) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) |
Values are presents as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Current smoking as a dependent variable. Former smoking as a dependent variable.
Values are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).