Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Accelerometer-measured stepping cadence patterns in Korean adults: an analysis of data from the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Geon Hui Kim, Hoyong Sung, Yeun Ryu, Jungjun Lim, Joon-Sik Kim, Hak Kyun Kim, Yeon Soo Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021056. Published online August 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021056

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Abstract Summary PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to identify the stepping cadence patterns in Korean adults by using objectively measured accelerometer data to analyze the time spent in each cadence category by sex and age.
METHODS
During the 2014-2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1,703 males and females aged 19-64 years provided at least 1 valid day of data (wearing an accelerometer ≥ 10 hr/d). The mean cumulative time and percentage per day in 8 cadence categories (0, 1-19, 20-29, 30-59, 60-79, 80-99, 100-119, and ≥ 120 steps/min) by sex and age group were calculated.
RESULTS
Cumulative time and percentage per day decreased across the incremental cadence categories. Participants spent 360.08± 2.56 min/d in the non-movement cadence category and 361.50± 2.28 min/d in the incidental movement cadence category. However, they spent only about 18.1 min/d (2.1%) at ≥ 100 steps/min. Males spent significantly more time in the cadence categories of sporadic movement, purposeful steps, slow walking, and medium walking, but the other categories, except for brisk walking, had higher values in females (p< 0.001). The older age group spent less time in non-movement cadence categories, and the youngest and oldest groups spent more time at a higher cadence (≥ 100 steps/min) than the other age groups. Similar patterns were found in a subgroup analysis by sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Korean adults spent most of their time at a low cadence and only a few minutes at a high cadence (≥100 steps/min); this trend was consistent across sex and age groups.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 2014-2015년도 국민건강영양조사자료의 가속도계 자료를 활용하여 한국 성인의 성별, 연령별 케이던스 패턴을 확인하였다. 한국 성인은 하루 평균 약 12시간(약 87%)을 분당 20보 이하의 낮은 케이던스에서 보냈고, 분당 100보 이상의 높은 케이던스에서는 하루 중 단지 약 18분 (약 2%)의 시간을 보냈다. 성별 및 연령대에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나, 대부분 유사한 양상을 보였다.

Key Message
Korean adults spent approximately 12 hours per day (about 87%) at a low cadence (<20 steps per minute) while spending only about 18 minutes per day (about 2%) at a high cadence (≥ 100 steps per minute). Even though certain amount of differences between sex and age groups do exist, most have shown similar patterns.

Comparison between walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: associations with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults: Ki-Yong An; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020066. Published online October 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020066

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to compare moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with walking in terms of associations with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults.

METHODS

Data on 1,388 older adults (age ≥65 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018 were analyzed in this study. MVPA time and walking time per week were used as physical activity variables and blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were analyzed as metabolic syndrome components. Partial correlations, analysis of covariance, and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

RESULTS

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the low MVPA/high walking and high MVPA/ high walking groups than in the low MVPA/low walking group. Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the high MVPA/ high walking group than in the low MVPA/low walking and low MVPA/high walking groups. Engaging in <150 min/wk of MVPA increased the likelihood of abnormal blood pressure and metabolic syndrome by 1.81 times and 1.89 times, respectively, compared to ≥150 min/wk of MVPA. Engaging in <180 min/wk of walking raised the likelihood of having abnormal highdensity lipoprotein levels by 1.32 times compared to ≥180 min/wk of walking.

CONCLUSIONS

Not only MVPA but also walking was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults. Considering older adults’ preferences and exercise barriers, walking should be considered as an essential component of physical activity guidelines to prevent chronic diseases in older adults.

Summary

Korean summary
현재까지 저강도 신체활동 (걷기)은 중고강도 신체활동에 비해 상대적으로 그 중요성이 간과되어 왔다. 하지만 본 연구는 저강도 신체활동도 중고강도 신체활동 못지 않게 노인들에게서 대사증후군을 예방할 수 있는 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 보여준다. 게다가 노인들의 신체적 제약, 부상의 위험, 운동 선호도 등을 감안하면 걷기와 같은 저강도 신체활동은 노인들의 건강유지를 위한 신체활동 권고사항의 필수요소로 고려되어야 함을 제안한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Associations of Step Volume and Intensity with Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Yeon Soo Kim, Geonhui Kim, Hoyong Sung, Byung-Cheol Kim, Jeh-Kwang Ryu, Sowon Hahn
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2024; 42(2): 126. CrossRef
Interactive associations of smoking and physical activity with metabolic syndrome in adult men in Korea
Minjun Kim, Joonwoong Kim, Inhwan Lee
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Differences in the Correlation between the Built Environment and Walking, Moderate, and Vigorous Physical Activity among the Elderly in Low- and High-Income Areas
Peng Zang, Fei Xian, Hualong Qiu, Shifa Ma, Hongxu Guo, Mengrui Wang, Linchuan Yang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1894. CrossRef
A Cross-Sectional Study on Self-Perceived Health and Physical Activity Level in the Spanish Population
Ángel Denche-Zamorano, María Mendoza-Muñoz, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Laura Muñoz-Bermejo, Jorge Rojo-Ramos, Raquel Pastor-Cisneros, Frano Giakoni-Ramírez, Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf, Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5656. CrossRef
Hand Grip Strength and Likelihood of Moderate-to-Severe Airflow Limitation in the General Population
Sunyoung Kim, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Chin Kook Rhee, Hee-Won Jung, Hyun Lee, Yong Suk Jo
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.2022; Volume 17: 1237. CrossRef
The neighbourhood environment and profiles of the metabolic syndrome
Anthony Barnett, Erika Martino, Luke D. Knibbs, Jonathan E. Shaw, David W. Dunstan, Dianna J. Magliano, David Donaire-Gonzalez, Ester Cerin
Environmental Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Non-Randomized Combined Program of Walking and Low-Load Resistance Exercise Improves Cognitive Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Haeryun Hong, Mingyu Joo, Hyunsik Kang
Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 2106. CrossRef
Accuracy of steps measured by smartphones-based WeRun compared with ActiGraph-GT3X accelerometer in free-living conditions
Qinqin Yao, Jing Wang, Yucong Sun, Li Zhang, Shuangyuan Sun, Minna Cheng, Qinping Yang, Siyuan Wang, Ling Huang, Tao Lin, Yingnan Jia
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations of Walking Activity With Hypertensive Mediated Organ Damage in Community-Dwelling Elderly Chinese: The Northern Shanghai Study
Yuyan Lyu, Shikai Yu, Chen Chi, Jiadela Teliewubai, Jue Li, Jacques Blacher, Jun Pu, Yi Zhang, Yawei Xu
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

The association between physical activity and atrial fibrillation applying the Heaviside function in survival analysis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Yaser Mokhayeri, Seyed Saeed Hashemi-Nazari, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Hamid Soori, Soheila Khodakarim; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017024. Published online June 18, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017024

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203 Download
6 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although the effect of physical activity (PA) on the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been studied, contradictory results have been reported. Such discrepancies may reflect the different effects of various types of PA upon AF, as well as gender interactions. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the associations of PA types (total, moderate/vigorous, and intentional), as well as walking pace, with AF risk in men and women.

METHODS

Using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Typical Week Physical Activity Survey, 3 PA measures and walking pace were calculated among 6,487 men and women aged 45-84 years. The incidence of AF over approximately 11 years of followup was ascertained. The association of each PA measure and walking pace with AF incidence was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. An extended Cox model with Heaviside functions (hv) of time was used to estimate the effects of time-varying covariates.

RESULTS

During 11 years of follow-up (49,557 person-years), 242 new AF cases occurred. The incidence rate of AF was 48.83 per 10,000 person-years. The proportional hazard (PH) assumption for total PA among women was not met; hence, we used the hv to calculate the hazard ratio. Total PA in women in the hv2 analysis was negatively associated with AF in all 3 models, although for hv1 no significant association was observed. The PH assumption for walking pace among men was not met, and none of the hv showed a statistically significant association between walking pace and AF in men.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that PA is inversely associated with AF in women.

Summary

Citations

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Asma Kazemi, Sepideh Soltani, Dagfinn Aune, Elham Hosseini, Zeinab Mokhtari, Zahra Hassanzadeh, Ahmad Jayedi, Francisco Pitanga, Masoumeh Akhlaghi
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of ventricular assist device use on pediatric heart transplant waitlist mortality: Analysis of the scientific registry of transplant recipients database
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Pediatric Transplantation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Weekly physical activity and incident atrial fibrillation in females – A dose-response meta-analysis
Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Maria Kousta, Charalampos Kossyvakis, Eleni Lakka, Dimitrios Vrachatis, Spyridon Deftereos, Vassilios P. Vassilikos, Georgios Giannopoulos
International Journal of Cardiology.2023; 370: 191. CrossRef
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Lu Chen, Xingang Sun, Yuxian He, Liangrong Zheng
Frontiers in Genetics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Sex-Specific Exposure–Effect Relationship Between Physical Activity and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 16 Prospective Studies
Qin Wan, Yue Zhou, Wengen Zhu, Xiao Liu
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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