OBJECTIVES Confirmation of <i>Kudoa septempunctata</i> (<i>K. septempunctata</i>) as the pathogenic agent causing acute food poisoning remains under debate owing to inconsistencies in the reproducibility of experimental evidence. Higher intake of olive flounder infected with <i>K. septempunctata</i> would result in increased diagnosis of food poisoning by <i>K. septempunctata</i>, if the latter was one of the causal agents of acute food poisoning. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the shipping amount of olive flounder aquacultured from Jejudo and the incidence of <i>K. septempunctata</i> food poisoning in 2015, Korea.
METHODS
Data of shipping amounts between March 2014 and February 2016 and of monthly reported events of <i>Kudoa</i> food poisoning were taken from Jejudo Fish-Culture Fisheries Cooperatives and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. Non-parametric correlation analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
Shipping amounts indicated the seasonal changes according to variation of consumption. Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau-a between the monthly shipping amounts and the reported events in 2015 were 0.39 (p=0.21) and 0.27 (p=0.20), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
An independent relationship was noted between the shipping amount and the reported events, which contrasted with the claim that the virulence of <i>K. septempunctata</i> caused acute food poisoning.
Summary
Korean summary
질병관리본부가 보고한 2015년도 쿠도아 식중독 발생 사례의 월별 분포와, 같은 기간에 제주도 수산협동조합이 국내 시장에 제공한 출하량 간의 상관성 (correlation)을 알아보았을 때, 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 이는 칠성 쿠도아충이 급성식중독을 일으킨다는 주장을 의심케 하는 근거의 하나이다.
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After publishing results of a study that revealed diarrheagenic and emetic activity in 4-5-day old mice infected with <i>Kudoa septempunctata</i> (<i>K. septempunctata</i>) spores, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 11 events of “<i>Kudoa</i> food poisoning” in 2015. The epidemiological design of the previous study was descriptive rather than analytical; therefore, this study aimed to further investigate the pathogenicity of <i>K. septempunctata</i>. Academic articles showing evidence of the pathogenicity of <i>K. septempunctata</i> were searched via PubMed using the citation discovery tool. Information regarding the kinds of experimental animals and inoculum spores used, as well as study results were extracted. Four articles evaluating the pathogenicity of Myxospran parasites were selected; the first article suggested the pathogenicity of <i>K. septempunctata</i>, while the remaining three articles reported no abnormal symptoms or histopathologic changes. Our findings indicate that there is weak evidence supporting the pathogenicity of <i>K. septempunctata</i>. Further studies evaluating the pathogenicity of <i>K. septempunctata</i> are needed urgently.
Summary
Korean summary
“질병관리본부는 2015년 쿠도아충 환자 사례조사 (cases reports)를 발표하였다. 제주산 광어에서 발견되는 칠성쿠도아충이 급성 식중독을 일으키는 병인 원충이라는 주장과 관련한 병인성 (pathogenicity) 근거들을 정리한 결과 실험실적 근거에 일관성이 없었다. 이렇게 실험실적 근거가 불충분한 상황에서, 오직 환자사례 결과들만으로 칠성쿠도아충을 급성식중독의 역학적 인과성 (epidemiologic causality)을 부여하는 것은 과학적 타당성이 떨어진다.”
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