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Original Articles
Obesity parameters in relation to lung function levels in a large Chinese rural adult population
Xiang Zeng, Dongling Liu, Zhen An, Huijun Li, Jie Song, Weidong Wu
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021047.   Published online August 3, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021047
  • 10,142 View
  • 226 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The association between obesity parameters and lung function indicators in the general Chinese rural adult population remains unclear.
METHODS
In total, 8,284 Chinese adults aged 20 years to 80 years old from Xinxiang were recruited. Obesity-related parameters, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waistto-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP), basal metabolism, and visceral fat index, and lung function parameters such as forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in first second were measured.
RESULTS
The total prevalence of obesity defined by BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, and BFP was 23.2%, 58.2%, 66.7%, 69.2%, and 56.5%, respectively. Spearman correlation analyses showed significant correlations between all obesity-related parameters and lung function. Linear regression analyses further demonstrated that BMI, WHtR, BFP, and general obesity defined using those indicators were negatively associated with lung function, while WC, WHR, and central obesity defined accordingly were positively associated with lung function. The relationship between general obesity and lung function was more evident in women than in men, while the link between central obesity and lung function was more obvious in men than in women.
CONCLUSIONS
Obesity is closely related to lung function in the general Chinese adult population. Weight control and loss are important strategies to improve lung function and respiratory health.
Summary
Key Message
This cross-sectional sduty clarify the relationship between several obesity parameters and lung function indicators on rural adult population in central China using big data and stratified analyses. Specifically, the obesity group has a lower level of lung function than the non-obesity group, and there is an opposite effect of general obesity and central obesity on lung function.

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The double burden of malnutrition among adults in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16)
Mili Dutta, Y Selvamani, Pushpendra Singh, Lokender Prashad
Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019050.   Published online December 18, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019050
  • 14,379 View
  • 304 Download
  • 32 Web of Science
  • 37 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
India still faces the burden of undernutrition and communicable diseases, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity is steadily increasing. The discourse regarding the dual burden of underweight and overweight/obesity has not yet been widely explored in both men and women. The present study assessed the determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity in India among adult men and women aged 15-49.
METHODS
Population-based cross-sectional and nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), consisting of a sample of men and women, were analyzed. Stratified 2-stage sampling was used in the NFHS-4 study protocol. In the present study, bivariate and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity.
RESULTS
The results suggested a persistently high prevalence of underweight coexisting with an increased prevalence of overweight/obesity in India. The risk of underweight was highest in the central and western regions and was also relatively high among those who used either smoking or smokeless tobacco. Overweight/obesity was more prevalent in urban areas, in the southern region, and among adults aged 35-49. Furthermore, level of education and wealth index were positively associated with overweight/obesity. More educated and wealthier adults were less likely to be underweight.
CONCLUSIONS
In India, underweight has been prevalent, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity is increasing rapidly, particularly among men. The dual burden of underweight and overweight/obesity is alarming and needs to be considered; public health measures to address this situation must also be adopted through policy initiatives.
Summary

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Distribution and social determinants of overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study of non-pregnant adult women from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016)
Leonard Mndala, Abhay Kudale
Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019039.   Published online September 27, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019039
  • 13,120 View
  • 270 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Hitherto regarded as a public health issue of well-heeled nations, overweight and obesity have emerged as a problem of concern in developing nations. Although social and demographic factors are equally important as proximal lifestyle factors affecting health, their role is neither well researched nor well understood. We conducted a novel study to determine the distribution, prevalence, and social and demographic determinants of overweight/obesity in Malawi.
METHODS
A population-based, quantitative cross-sectional study using data from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016) was conducted among non-pregnant women aged 18-49 years. A total of 6,443 women were included in the analysis. Overweight/obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m2 , was the main outcome variable. The analysis was done in SPSS version 20.0; after calculating descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations and determine odds.
RESULTS
In total, 16.8% and 6.3% of women were overweight and obese, respectively (p<0.001). Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The BMI distribution among women varied across different background characteristics. Women from the Ngoni ethnicity were more likely to be overweight/obese than others (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 2.08). Socioeconomic status (SES) and the age of the respondent were highly significant determinants that were strongly associated with being overweight/obese. The richest women were 3 times more likely to be overweight/obese than the poorest (aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.46 to 4.43).
CONCLUSIONS
Overweight and obesity were highly prevalent and significantly associated with increasing SES, age, and being from the Ngoni ethnicity. Holistic interventions should also focus on improving social determinants in order to entirely curb the epidemic.
Summary

Citations

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  • Exploring the Causes of Obesity Among Adults in the Kurdish Regions of Iran: A Qualitative Study
    Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Bahman Bayangani, Tahereh Dehdari, Javad Yousefi Lebni, Nafe Babasfari, Nafiul Mehedi, Mohammad Hosein Taghdisi
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Is inadequate play area in schools associated with overweight among students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia? A comparative cross-sectional study
Tsedey Moges, Bereket Gebremichael, Solomon Shiferaw, Robel Yirgu
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018017.   Published online May 12, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018017
  • 13,475 View
  • 250 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of childhood obesity has more than doubled since it was formally recognized as a global epidemic in 1997. With the increasingly dwindling space for private schools in Ethiopia, unresolved concerns exist among the public regarding the possible effect of limited play areas in schools on overweight/obesity. This study intended to determine and compare the levels of overweight/obesity among adolescents in private schools with and without adequate play area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,276 adolescents. Twenty private schools were grouped into 2 groups based on the size of the play area. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and anthropometric measurements and analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and logistic regression.
RESULTS
The magnitude of overweight/obesity was significantly higher in schools with inadequate play area (19.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.4 to 22.7) than in schools with adequate play area (14.6%; 95% CI, 11.9 to17.5). Inadequacy of the play area was also positively associated with overweight/obesity in the multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.51). Using private car transportation to and from school (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.57), father’s educational status (secondary school and above: OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.62), and middle wealth quintile (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.50 to 4.33) were other factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Inadequate play area in schools was an important contributor to overweight/obesity. Sedentary behavior was also significantly associated with overweight/obesity.
Summary

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    Frederick Inkum Danquah, Monica Ansu-Mensah, Vitalis Bawontuo, Matilda Yeboah, Desmond Kuupiel
    Archives of Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
Prevalence Rates and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 Data.
Shinkwan Kang, Soonduck Kim, Jesuk Lee
Korean J Epidemiol. 2008;30(2):188-197.   Published online December 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/kje.2008.30.2.188
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
PURPOSE
To investigate the prevalence rates of overweight and obesty, and their associations in children and adolescents(12-18years) who were defined as normal weight, overweight , and obese.
METHODS
Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 raw data was utilized. The data on the 669 subjects aged 12-18 consisted of variables from the health interview survey, health examination and nutrition survey, and health consciousness behavior survey. Overweight and obesity was evaluated by established body mass index criteria. Chi-squire and Fisher exact test were performed to analyze differences among normal, overweight and obese groups according to basic characteristics and health consciousness behavior. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for the overweight and obese groups.
RESULTS
Overweight and obesity prevalence rates were 11.7% and 8.1%, respectively. Of the subjects from urban regions, 20% were overweight and 12.2% were obese. Of those from semi-urban regions, 10.2% were overweight and 3.8% were obese. Of those from rural regions, 9.0% were overweight and 10.1% were obese. The obesity rate in semi-urban regions were 0.38% times lower than the rural rate.
CONCLUSIONS
Geographical location constitutes a risk factor for overweight and obesity, which may influence preventative and education programs aimed at schools and the general community.
Summary

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The Factors Associated with the Abnormal Eating Behavior in University Hospital's Nurses.
Young Geon Ji, Su Jin Kim, Hyung Gon Kang
Korean J Epidemiol. 2005;27(1):108-117.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To compare eating behavior according to the shift work and to find the factors associated with the abnormal eating behavior in university hospital's nurses.
METHODS
For this assessment, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 university hospital's nurses. Nurses were questioned with self-reported questionnaire forms. After excluding cases with incomplete data, 276 cases are enrolled in the study. To find the factors associated with the abnormal eating behavior, we conducted multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The proportions of shift work nurses were 63.77%(176 cases). The proportions of abnormal eating behavior among shift work nurses were 22.73%(40 cases), but only 6.00%(6 cases) among non-shift work nurses had the abnormal eating behavior. Considering the shift work period, the proportions of abnormal eating behavior were 31.25%, 22.92% and 17.50% in case of shift work period were less than 1 year, 1~3 years and more than 3 years, respectively. The abnormal eating behavior was associated with having shift work, doing exercise, more weekly working hours, being on a diet and having perception of overweight. But age and body mass index were not influenced the abnormal eating behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we found that the factors associated with the abnormal eating behavior are the shift work, exercise, weekly working hours, perception of overweight and diet.
Summary
The Analysis of the Correlation of Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Prevalence with Body Mass Index among Adults Registered in a Health Promotion Center of a University Hospital.
Sang Hoon Ahn, Jung Soon Kim
Korean J Epidemiol. 2000;22(2):159-170.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in Korea are higher than western countries. Despite the fact that obesity is an important risk factor of DM, western obesity criteria by BMI level has been used in Korea, which was based on the data derived from the western people having higher average body mass index(BMI) and lower DM incidence than Koreans. Therefore, this study was performed to find out the BMI level, at which point the risk of developing DM increases and its incidence per year.
METHODS
13,301 men and women who visited the Health Promotion Center at Seoul National University Hospital between March 1, 1995 and February 28, 1999 were studied. Factors attributable to DM including BMI were investigated. BMI was categorized in detail to find out the critical point of BMI with increased DM. The incidence of DM per year was investigated by analysing the cohort consisting of people who have visited the center more than once.
RESULTS
The risk factors of DM revealing significant statistical association were age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and BMI. The age-sex adjusted odds ratio at BMI 24.0 was 1.950(95% CI 1.089~3.492) compared to the reference BMI(<21.0) when applying the current diagnostic criteria of DM(140mg/dl), and it was 1.635(95% CI 1.018~2.627) at BMI 22.0 by the new criteria of DM(126mg/dl). Crude incidence rate of DM was 0.9% by the current criteria and 2.1% by the new criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Current WHO obesity criteria by BMI that we use in Korea should be readjusted(the criteria of overweight lowered from BMI 25.0 to 24.0, and obesity from 30.0 to 27.0 for Koreans), particularly in the aspect of prevention of DM for Korean people. Crude incidence rate of DM was 0.9%, much higher than that of western people, which calls for national concern on prevention and management of DM.
Summary
Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health
© Korean Society of Epidemiology.