Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Health-adjusted life expectancy according to lifestyle classified by the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF: Sanghun Nam, Kang-Hyun Park, Ji-Hyuk Park, Ickpyo Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022095. Published online October 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022095

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) by demographic characteristics (sex, educational achievement, and residential area) according to the lifestyle classifications of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF (YLP-BREF).
METHODS
This study included 569 participants aged 55 years or older living in Korea. The YLP-BREF domains were physical activity, activity participation, and nutrition.
RESULTS
Females had a longer HALE (mean±standard deviation, 8.90±5.06 years) in the physical activity domain, while males had a longer HALE in the nutrition domain (9.44±5.91 years). People living in rural areas had longer HALE in physical activity (12.02±5.60 years), activity participation (8.58±4.21 years), and nutrition (11.33±6.43 years). There were no significant differences according to sex or residential area. High school graduates showed the longest HALE (physical activity: 10.38± 6.89; activity participation: 7.64±4.29; nutrition: 9.59±6.40 years). There was a significant difference in educational achievement.
CONCLUSIONS
As people age, the demand for a healthy lifestyle increases. This study attempted to calculate HALE by demographic characteristics according to lifestyle. The results of this study will help inform future research directions for providing a healthy lifestyle.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF(YLP-BREF)의 라이프스타일 분류에 따른 인구통계학적 특성(성별, 주거지역, 학력)에 따른 건강조정수명(Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy; HALE)을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 자료는 한국에 거주하는 55세 이상의 569명이 포함되었으며, YLP-BREF는 신체활동, 활동참여, 영양으로 총 세 영역으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구 결과, 성별에 따른 건강조정수명은 영양에서 9.44세로 남성이 가장 높았으며, 거주지역은 따른 건강조정수명은 신체활동 영역에서 농촌이 12.02세로 가장높았고, 학력에 따른 건강조정수명은 신체활동 영역에서 고등학교 졸업자가 10.38세로 가장 높았다. 본 연구 결과는 건강한 라이프스타일을 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 제공하기 위한 향후 연구 방향을 제시하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Key Message
This study investigated Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) according to demographic characteristics (sex, residence, educational achievement) according to lifestyle classification of Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF. As a result of this study, the HALE by gender was the highest in nutrition at 9.44 years, and the HALE by residential area was the highest in physical activity at 12.02 years in rural areas, and the HALE by education was in physical activity. , high school graduates had the highest age at 10.38. The results of this study are considered to be helpful in suggesting future research directions for providing a healthy lifestyle.

Inequitable distribution of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea, 2020: Jin-Hwan Kim, Saerom Kim, Eunhye Park, Chang-yup Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022081. Published online September 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022081

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study analyzed inequities in excess mortality according to region and socioeconomic position to explain the distribution of excess mortality in Korea in 2020.

METHODS

We acquired weekly all-cause mortality data from January 2015 to December 2020 from (1) the National Health Insurance Database and (2) Vital Statistics. Excess mortality for 2020 was calculated by comparing the weekly observed and expected deaths from the same period (2015-2019) using quasi-Poisson regression.

RESULTS

An inequitable distribution of excess mortality was identified. The estimated excess mortality in Korea was -29,112 (95% confidence interval, -29,832 to -28,391), corresponding to -55 per 100,000, and the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths was 0.91. Negative excess mortality was observed except for females in the 0-14 age group. Male Medical Aid beneficiaries showed positive excess mortality, while non-disabled and disabled groups showed similar negative values. When the standardized mortality ratio was calculated for the top 10 causes of death, deaths from Alzheimer’s disease and septicemia increased, whereas those from diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease decreased. The decrease in mortality was primarily concentrated in older adults, while the mortality of young females increased due to increased intentional self-harm.

CONCLUSIONS

This study adds essential evidence regarding the overall performance of Korea. The observed inequalities according to various socioeconomic variables indicate that the results of strict measures to control coronavirus disease 2019 were not distributed equitably. Efforts should be made to properly evaluate the current and future problems related to the pandemic.

Summary

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Did the socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable and unavoidable mortality worsen during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea?
Rora Oh, Myoung-Hee Kim, Juyeon Lee, Rangkyoung Ha, Jungwook Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023072. CrossRef

Life expectancy of HIV-positive patients after diagnosis in Iran from 1986 to 2016: A retrospective cohort study at national and sub-national levels: Mohammad Mirzaei, Maryam Farhadian, Jalal Poorolajal, Parvin Afasr Kazerooni, Katayoun Tayeri, Younes Mohammadi; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018053. Published online November 7, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018053

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Little is known about the life expectancy of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Iran. This study therefore aimed to estimate the life expectancy of HIV-positive patients in Iran.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Death Registration System. We included patients aged 20 years and older who had a specified date of diagnosis. We estimated life expectancy and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Chiang’s methodology.

RESULTS

The overall life expectancy at the national level was 23.1 years (95% CI, 22.6 to 23.5). Life expectancy was 21.6 years (95% CI, 21.1 to 22.0) for men and 32.7 years (95% CI, 31.4 to 34.0) for women. The life expectancy of patients who did or did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 37.0 years (95% CI, 36.2 to 37.8) and 15.5 years (95% CI, 15.1 to 15.9), respectively. The life expectancy of patients with or without tuberculosis (TB) was 21.6 years (95% CI, 20.4 to 22.9) and 36.5 years (95% CI, 35.7 to 37.4), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The life expectancy of Iranian HIV-positive patients was found to be very low. To improve their longevity, improvements in ART coverage and the control and treatment of TB are advised.

Summary

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Factors related to baseline CD4 cell counts in HIV/AIDS patients: comparison of poisson, generalized poisson and negative binomial regression models
Maryam Farhadian, Younes Mohammadi, Mohammad Mirzaei, Nasrin Shirmohammadi-Khorram
BMC Research Notes.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Experiences of patients with primary HIV diagnosis in Kermanshah-Iran regarding the nature of HIV/AIDS: A qualitative study
Fatemeh Gh.Barkish, Rostam Jalali, Amir Jalali
Heliyon.2019; 5(8): e02278. CrossRef

The Burden of Premature Mortality in Hamadan Province in 2006 and 2010 Using Standard Expected Years of Potential Life Lost: A Population-based Study: Jalal Poorolajal, Nader Esmailnasab, Jamal Ahmadzadeh, Tahereh Azizi Motlagh; Epidemiol Health. 2012;34:e2012005. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2012005

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Abstract

<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title>Examining the premature death rate represents the first step in estimating the overall burden of disease, reflecting a full picture of how different causes affect population health and providing a way of monitoring and evaluating population health. The present study was conducted to assess the burden of premature mortality in Hamadan Province, Iran in 2006 and 2010.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>To calculate years of potential life lost (YPLL), the dataset was categorized into 5-year age groups based on each person's age at death. Then the age groups were subtracted from the relevant age-based life table produced by the World Health Organization in 2009. The YPLL for each individual were then added together to yield the total YPLL for all individuals in the population who died in a particular year. Finally, we calculated the YPLL for all sex-, age-, and cause-specific mortality rates and reported them as percentages.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>We analyzed 18,786 deaths, 9,127 of which occurred in 2006 and 9,659 in 2010. Mortality rates were higher in men than women for all age groups both in 2006 and 2010. In addition, age-specific mortality rates in both genders for all age groups were higher in 2010 than in 2006. The percentage of YPLL from ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, transport accidents, and intentional self-harm were among the greatest sources of premature death.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>The results of the present survey indicate that the eight major causes of premature death in both 2006 and 2010 were non-communicable diseases, especially ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, transport accidents, and intentional self-harm. Furthermore, our findings indicate a change in the role of non-communicable diseases in premature mortality in recent years.</sec>

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Journal of Substance Use.2024; 29(1): 10. CrossRef
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Habibollah Azarbakhsh, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Jafar Hassanzadeh, Rebecca Susan Dewey, Maryam Janfada, Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2023; 43(4): 574. CrossRef
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Archives of Iranian Medicine.2023; 26(7): 403. CrossRef
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