Epidemiologic Investigation
-
An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with salted clams in Busan, Korea
-
Hyunjin Son, Miyoung Lee, Youngduck Eun, Wonseo Park, Kyounghee Park, Sora Kwon, Seungjin Kim, Changhoon Kim
-
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022003. Published online December 29, 2021
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022003
-
-
13,766
View
-
581
Download
-
3
Web of Science
-
5
Crossref
-
Abstract
Summary
PDFSupplementary Material
-
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
In July 2019, there were multiple reports on patients with hepatitis A among the visitors of a restaurant in Busan. The current study presents the results of an epidemiological investigation and outlines the supplementary measures that would help with hepatitis A control.
METHODS
A cohort study was conducted for all 2,865 customers who visited restaurant A from June to July. Using a standardized questionnaire, participants reported the presence of hepatitis A symptoms and whether they had consumed any of 19 food items. As for participants who had visited public health centers, their specimens were collected.
RESULTS
From the study cohort, 155 participants (5.4%) had confirmed hepatitis A. The epidemic curve was unimodal, and the median number of days from the restaurant visit to symptom onset was 31 days. A genotype analysis indicated that 89 of 90 tested patients had hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype 1A. The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the ingestion of salted clams increased the risk of hepatitis A by 68.12 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.22 to 510.87). In an unopened package of salted clams found and secured through traceback investigation, HAV genotype 1A was detected.
CONCLUSIONS
To prevent people from ingesting uncooked clams, there needs to be more efforts to publicize the dangers of uncooked clams; the food sampling test standards for salted clams should also be expanded. Furthermore, a laboratory surveillance system based on molecular genetics should be established to detect outbreaks earlier.
-
Summary
Korean summary
2019년 7월, 부산시의 한 식당을 방문한 사람에서 다수의 A형간염 환자가 신고되었다. 2019년 6월 1일부터 7월 28일까지 해당 식당을 방문하여 카드 결제를 한 사람과 동반자 2,865명 전체를 대상으로 코호트 조사를 수행하였다. A형간염에 확진 된 사람은 총 155명으로 발병률은 5.4%였다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 조개젓 섭취는 A형간염 발병 위험을 68.62배(95% CI, 9.22 to 510.87) 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 익히지 않은 조개류를 섭취하지 않도록 더욱 홍보를 강화해야 한다.
Key Message
In July 2019, there were multiple reports on patients with hepatitis A among the visitors of a restaurant in Bu¬san. A cohort study was conducted for all 2,865 customers who visited the restaurant from June to July. From the study cohort, 155 participants (5.4%) had confirmed hepatitis A. The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the ingestion of salted clams increased the risk of hepatitis A by 68.12 times. To prevent people from ingesting uncooked clams, there needs to be more efforts to publicize the dangers of uncooked clams.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Gender differences in hepatitis A seropositivity rates according to the Republic of Korea’s vaccination policy
Hyunjin Son, Sunhyun Ahn, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Unyeong Go, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(2): 168. CrossRef - Investigating the spatio-temporal variation of hepatitis A in Korea using a Bayesian model
Jaehong Jeong, Mijeong Kim, Jungsoon Choi
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - A Study on the Detection Rate of Hepatitis A from Gastroenteritis Patients and the Genotype Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in Busan
Sun Hee Park, Chanhee Kim, Summi Lee, Jihye Jeong, Junghye Choi, Seung Ju Lee
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2023; 53(2): 74. CrossRef - A Study on the Detection Rate of Hepatitis A from Gastroenteritis Patients and the Genotype Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in Busan
Sun Hee Park, Chanhee Kim, Summi Lee, Jihye Jeong, Junghye Choi, Seung Ju Lee
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2023; 53(2): 74. CrossRef - Influence of temperature and precipitation on the incidence of hepatitis A in Seoul, Republic of Korea: a time series analysis using distributed lag linear and non-linear model
Kiook Baek, Jonghyuk Choi, Jong-Tae Park, Kyeongmin Kwak
International Journal of Biometeorology.2022; 66(9): 1725. CrossRef
COVID-19: Original Article
-
Epidemiological characteristics of and containment measures for COVID-19 in Busan, Korea
-
Hyunjin Son, Hyojung Lee, Miyoung Lee, Youngduck Eun, Kyounghee Park, Seungjin Kim, Wonseo Park, Sora Kwon, Byoungseon Ahn, Dongkeun Kim, Changhoon Kim
-
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020035. Published online June 1, 2020
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020035
-
-
19,353
View
-
539
Download
-
24
Web of Science
-
14
Crossref
-
Abstract
Summary
PDFSupplementary Material
-
Abstract
Objectives
To describe and evaluate epidemiological investigation results and containment measures implemented in Busan, where 108 cases were confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between February 21, 2020 and March 24, 2020.
Methods
Any individual who tested positive for COVID-19 was classified as a confirmed case. Measures were taken to identify the source of infection and trace and quarantine contacts. Serial intervals were estimated and the effective reproduction number was computed.
Results
Of the total 18,303 COVID-19 tests performed between January 16, 2020 and March 24, 2020 in Busan, 108 yielded positive results (positive test rate, 0.6%). All confirmed cases were placed in isolation at hospitals. Of the 108 confirmed cases, 59 (54.6%) were female. The most common age group was 20-29 years with 37 cases (34.3%). Regarding symptoms at the time of diagnosis, cough (n=38, 35.2%) and fever (n=34, 31.5%) were most common; 12 cases (11.1%) were asymptomatic. The source of infection was identified in 99 cases (91.7%). A total of 3,223 contacts were identified and quarantined. Household contacts accounted for 196, and the household secondary attack rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7 to 12.9). The mean serial interval was estimated to be 5.54 days (95% CI, 4.08 to 7.01). After February 26, (R<sub>t</sub>) remained below 1 in Busan.
Conclusions
The early containment strategy implemented in Busan shows that control is possible if outbreaks are of limited scope. In preparation for future outbreaks, public health and healthcare systems should be re-examined and put in a ready state.
-
Summary
Korean summary
2월 21일부터 3월 24일까지 부산시에서 보고된 108명의 코로나바이러스감염증-19 (코로나19) 확진 환자의 역학 조사 결과와 관리 조치를 기술하고 평가하였다. 초기에는 A 교회 클러스터와 다른 지역에서 유입된 사례로 인해 급격한 환자 증가가 있었고 이후 접촉자를 중심으로 2차 유행을 보였다. 2월 26일 이후 부산 지역의 Rt가 1보다 낮은 값을 보여 전파가 통제되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 부산에서 초기 containment 전략을 시행한 결과 제한된 발생 규모인 경우 통제가 가능하다는 점을 확인하였다. 이후 발생할 유행에 대비해 적극적으로 공중보건 및 보건의료 체계를 정비하고 준비해야 할 것으로 생각된다
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bing Wang, Prabha Andraweera, Salenna Elliott, Hassen Mohammed, Zohra Lassi, Ashley Twigger, Chloe Borgas, Shehani Gunasekera, Shamez Ladhani, Helen Siobhan Marshall
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.2023; 42(3): 232. CrossRef - Evaluation of the EsteR Toolkit for COVID-19 Decision Support: Sensitivity Analysis and Usability Study
Rieke Alpers, Lisa Kühne, Hong-Phuc Truong, Hajo Zeeb, Max Westphal, Sonja Jäckle
JMIR Formative Research.2023; 7: e44549. CrossRef - Improved time-varying reproduction numbers using the generation interval for COVID-19
Tobhin Kim, Hyojung Lee, Sungchan Kim, Changhoon Kim, Hyunjin Son, Sunmi Lee
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessing changes in incubation period, serial interval, and generation time of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiangyanyu Xu, Yanpeng Wu, Allisandra G. Kummer, Yuchen Zhao, Zexin Hu, Yan Wang, Hengcong Liu, Marco Ajelli, Hongjie Yu
BMC Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Serial Intervals and Case Isolation Delays for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sheikh Taslim Ali, Amy Yeung, Songwei Shan, Lin Wang, Huizhi Gao, Zhanwei Du, Xiao-Ke Xu, Peng Wu, Eric H Y Lau, Benjamin J Cowling
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2022; 74(4): 685. CrossRef - Core policies disparity response to COVID-19 among BRICS countries
Jun Jiao, Leiyu Shi, Yuyao Zhang, Haiqian Chen, Xiaohan Wang, Manfei Yang, Junyan Yang, Meiheng Liu, Gang Sun
International Journal for Equity in Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - An update of serial interval estimates for COVID-19: a meta-analysis
Jean-François Jusot
4open.2022; 5: 16. CrossRef - Subcritical Transmission in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in Korea
Yong Sul Won, Jong-Hoon Kim, Chi Young Ahn, Hyojung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 1265. CrossRef - Constructing and adjusting estimates for household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from prior studies, widespread-testing and contact-tracing data
Mihaela Curmei, Andrew Ilyas, Owain Evans, Jacob Steinhardt
International Journal of Epidemiology.2021; 50(5): 1444. CrossRef - Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pratha Sah, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Charlotte F. Zimmer, Elaheh Abdollahi, Lyndon Juden-Kelly, Seyed M. Moghadas, Burton H. Singer, Alison P. Galvani
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Effectiveness of Contact Tracing for Viral Disease Mitigation and Suppression: Evidence-Based Review
Kelly Jean Thomas Craig, Rubina Rizvi, Van C Willis, William J Kassler, Gretchen Purcell Jackson
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2021; 7(10): e32468. CrossRef - Characteristics of COVID-19 Cases in Central Java as the 5th Most Populous Province in Indonesia
Dwi Sutiningsih, Nur Azizah Azzahra, Yulianto Prabowo, Aris Sugiharto, Mufti Agung Wibowo, Istirochah, Endah Sri Lestari, Estri Aurorina, Eka Pratiwi Maharani, T.R. Soeprobowati, B. Warsito, T. Triadi Putranto
E3S Web of Conferences.2021; 317: 04030. CrossRef - Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
Stella Talic, Shivangi Shah, Holly Wild, Danijela Gasevic, Ashika Maharaj, Zanfina Ademi, Xue Li, Wei Xu, Ines Mesa-Eguiagaray, Jasmin Rostron, Evropi Theodoratou, Xiaomeng Zhang, Ashmika Motee, Danny Liew, Dragan Ilic
BMJ.2021; : e068302. CrossRef - Diagnostic serial interval as a novel indicator for contact tracing effectiveness exemplified with the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea
Sofia K. Mettler, Jihoo Kim, Marloes H. Maathuis
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2020; 99: 346. CrossRef