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Relationship of Body Fat Distribution and Serum Lipids in Men.
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Byung Yeol Chun, Min Hae Yeh, Sung Kook Lee, Yun Kyeong Rho, Soon Yeol Nam
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1994;16(1):28-40.
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of body fatness indicators and serum lipids (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, myocardial infarction(MI) index) to find anthropometric indicators of body fat distribution that are strongly associated with serum lipids. 347 adult male workers of an industry in Kyungpook province were selected and data on the general characteristics were obtained using questionnaire from June 26 to June 29, 1991. Serum lipids were tested with 5 ml fasting blood and height, weight, circumferences of waist, hip and mid-thigh, five subcutaneous fat thickeness(biceps, triceps, supscapular, suprailiac, thigh) were mea sured using Ultrasound type A TATT. Waist circumference, waist/hip circumference ratio and subcutaneous fat thickness of suprailiac area are significantly increased with increasing age, but thigh circumference is significantly decreased (P< 0.05). These results suggest that central obesity is closely related to age and waist circumference may be the best indicator of body fatness or body fat distribution in men.
In younger age group(below 40 year old), the result of canonical correlations analysis suggests that circumferences(0.501) was slightly closely related to serum lipids than subcutaneous fat thickness(0.493), however, in older age group (above 40 year old), subcutaneous fat thickness(0.528) were more strongly associated with serum lipids than circumferences(0.419). Weighted canonical analyses suggest that biceps and suprailiac areas in younger age group and sub scapular area in older age group are stronger indicators of serum lipids among .subcutaneous fatness measurements. Of the circumferences, waist is the most strongest indicator of serum lipids in both age groups.
Therefore, it is recommended that circumference of waist and subcutaneous fat thickness of subscapular area should be measured to estimate the degree of central obesity for preventing cardiovascular disease in men.
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Summary
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Hepatitis B virus infection rate of orphans
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Sung Kook Lee, Min Hae Yeh, Gi Dog Ahn, Byung Yeol Chun, Chang Eun Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1987;9(2):183-192.
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Abstract
To determine the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate of orphans and take preventive measures against the hepatitis B virus, the hepatitis B virus infection rate by age, residence duration in orphanages and residence before admission of 249 orphans(male 143, female 106) in 2 orphanages among 21 orphanages which are located in Busan was analyzed and measured for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, HBeAg with RPHA and RIA method from April 1 to April 28, 1987.
Overall HBsAg positive rate was 6.4% and rate for male (9.1%) was statistically significant higher than that for female (2.8%) (P<0.05). Anti-HBs positive rate was 44.6% (48.3% for male, 39.6% for female) and anti-HBc positive rate that executed orphans of HBsAg and anti-HBs negative was 14.8% (19.7% for male, 9.8% for female). Accordingly the hepatitis B virus infection rate (HBV) was 58.2% and the infection rate for male (65.7%) was higher than that for female (48.1%) (P<0.01).
HBsAg positive rate by preschool age (under 5 years old) was 8.7%; elementary school age (6-11 years old), 8.3%; junior school age (12-14 years old), 4.8%; senior school age (15 years and over), 4.4% and preschool children were the highest in HBsAg positive rate. HBV
infection rate for 5 years old and under was 30.4%; 52.1% for 6-11 years old; 66.1% for 12-14 years old; 69.1% for 15 years and over and the infection rate was increased as age increased.
The infection rate by duration of residence in orphanages was 50.3% for 4 years under; 77.4% for 5-9 years; 80.7% for 10 years above and the infection rate by duration was in proportion to their residence duration. The infection rate by residence before admission was 53.5% for home; 75.5% for orphanages; 57.1% for temporary residence and the orphanage residence group was the highest.
HBsAg positive rate among HBsAg poisitive orphans (68.8%) was so high and HBV infection rate of orphans with HBeAg positive person in the same room was 64.1% HBV infection rate of orphans with HBeAg negative person in the same room was 55.1% and orphans who live with HBeAg positive person showed the high positive rate, but there isn’t statistically significant difference.
Three orphans among 16 HBsAg positive orphans were the HBV patients and HBsAg positive rate related to the result of liver function test greatly.
As result of this study, 58.2% orphans among young aged orphans were infected with the hepatitis B virus, and HBsAg positive rate of workers at restaurant was 40.0% and that of workers at office or room was 27.3%. HBeAg positive rate among HBsAg positive workers in orphanage was 80.8%.
HBV infection rate of adults in orphanage was 81.6%. There findings suggest that the high HBV infection rate of orphans should be attributed to the high HBeAg positive rate among workers in orphanage by horizontal transmission of HBV through close personal contact.
So it is recommended to test new orphans soon after the admission to the orphanage and immunize all the susceptible orphans. Also it is necessary to observe continually after seperating any HBeAg positive orphans who can infect the other.
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Summary
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Leading cause of death in Taegu and Kyungpook district
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Sung Kil Kim, Sung Kook Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1987;9(1):96-118.
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Abstract
From the total deaths confirmed by Doctor’s diagnosis among the registered deaths in 1984, death rates and leading causes of death in Taegu and Kyungpook district by sex and age were investigated by using the Korean standard classification of diseases of the list of 17 categories and the special list of 50 causes for tabulation of mortality.
The crude death rates in Taegu and Kyungpook district in 1984 were 3.9 and 8.5，respectively, while that of nation wide data was 5.6 per 1,000 population. The crude death rate in Taegu was lower than national level but that of Kyungpook was higher than national level. Standardized death rates in Taegu and Kyungpook were 4.8 and 6.7 respectively, national rate being 5.6. The standardized death fate in Taegu was lower than national level but the rate of Kyungpook was higher than nation wide rate.
The important causes of death among the list of 17 categories during the year of 1984 were, in order of frequency, the diseases of circulatory system, injury and poisoning, and neoplasms; these 3 causes were attributed to 68% of total death in 1984. Death rate due to the diseases of circulatory system in Taegu was higher than that of Kyungpook and nation wide rate. In particular, death rate of female attributed to the diseases of circulatory system in Taegu was the highest, the rate being as high as 34.6%. The rate of death due to injury and poisoning in Kyungpook was higher than that of Taegu area and nation wide. Particularly the death rate of male in Kyungpook was the highest, and the rate was 38.8% and the rate of death assigned to neoplasms in Taegu and Kyungpook were lower than that of nation wide.
The improtant death causes attributed to special to causes for tabulation of mortality during the year of 1984 in Taegu were, in order of Frequency, cerebrovascular diseases, of pulmonary ciculation and other accident including complications, but those of Kyungpook were other accident including complications, cerebrovascular diseases and traffic accidents. In age groups of 0 to 14 years old and young adult age groups(15-44yrs.), the most prevalent causes causes of death in both sexes was other accident including complication. In age group of young adult, the most prevalent causes of death in females was poinsoning and the death rate of male. Especially in the age group of young adult, the death from suicide and self-inflicted injuries in Kyungpook was higher than that of Taegu area. In age group of middle age(45-64 yrs.), the most prevalent causes of death was cerebrovascular diseases. Among the death due to neoplasms the most prevalent neoplastic deseases was stomach cancer. In age group of old age(65-yrs. and over)the most frequent causes of death in Taegu was cerebrovascular diseases but that of Kyungpook was senility without mental disorders.
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Summary
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Relation of long-term weight change to risk factors for coronary artery disease.
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Sung Kook Lee, Byung Yeol Chun, Kyung Min Park, Yun Kyeong Rho, Jin Wouk Jeong, Min Hae Yeh
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Korean J Epidemiol. ;15(2):132-148.
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Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the relation of long-term weight change to the risk factors for coronary artery idsease.
The study subjects included 592 healthy male workers in a steel company in Kyungpook province who were employed between 1971 and 1978 and whose age was between 23 and 29 years old at the time of employment. In this study, healthy worker was defined as a man with normal body weight (90%≤ideal body weight<110%), [ideal body weight=(individual height in cm-100)x0.9], no sugar no protein in urine, (m and) systolic blood pressure (SBP)<140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBF)<90mmHg.
Between July 2 and September 30, 1992, all of the study subjects were tested for serum lipid [cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG)，and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)] and uric acid with 10ml fasting blood, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. A questionnaie was administered for life style, behavioral pattern and demographic characteristics.
The study subjects were classified by their long-term weight change into four group；weight lost group(W.L.G., N=40), weight stable group (W.S.G., N=257), mild weight gain group (M.W.G.G., N=127)f severe weight gain group (S.W.G.G., N=168).
The average age (SD) of the study subjects was 45.66(3.93) years.
Proportions of the workers with shortness of breath and palpitation were significantly increased with weight increment.
Weight increment was positively associated with SBP (p<0.001), DBP (p<0.001), TG (p<0. 001), atherosclerosis index (AI) (p<0.01) and uric acid(p<0.001), whereas negatively associated with HDL-C (p<0.001).
Odds ratios (OR) of the S.W.G.G to the W.S.G. for shortness of breath (OR=2.41), palpitation (OR=2.68), SBP(OR=2.31), DBP(OR=2.18), TG(OR=4.11), HDL-C(OR=1.86), AI(OR=2.19) and uric acid(OR=3.39) were significantly greater than 1. On the other hand, ORs of the W.L.G. to the W.S.G. for HDL-C (OR=0.26), AI(OR=0.47) were significantly smaller than 1.
Weight change showed significant effect on short ness of breath, palpitation, SBP. DBP, TG, HDL-C, AI and uric acid when the effects of other variables [weight change (raw data), age, drinking and smoking habits, exercise and behavior pattern] were controlled by the stepwise logistic regression analysis.
For those significant fisk factors and symptoms, ORs of each weight change group in reference to the W.S.G (dummy variable) were calculated by logistic regression method. ORs of the W.L.G. for HDL-C (OR=0.26) and AI(OR=0.37) were significantly smaller than 1. ORs of the M.W.G.G. for all the risk factors and symptoms were not significant, and ORs of the S.W.G.G. for shortness of breath (OR=1.75)，palitation(OR=2.05), SBP(OR=2.53), DBP(OR=2.41), TG(OR=2.81), HDL-C (OR=2.28), AI(OR=2.16) and uric acid (OR=2.20) were significantly greater than 1.
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