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Salmonellosis outbreaks linked to eggs at 2 gimbap restaurants in Korea
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Jun Suk Eun, Joohyun Han, Ji-Hyun Lim, Eunkyung Shin, Junyoung Kim, Da-Jung Ko, Jaeil Yoo, Sungil Kim, Jin Sook Kim, Jung Sub Park, Ji-Hyuk Park
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024036. Published online March 7, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024036
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 Abstract
Summary
 PDF Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Salmonellosis outbreaks occurred at 2 restaurants 2 days apart, and an epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine whether the outbreaks were connected.
METHODS Case studies were conducted for both outbreaks. Stool samples were collected from individuals, and food samples were collected from the restaurants. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing analyses were performed on outbreak-related <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis (<i>Salmonella Enteritidis</i>) isolates. Traceback investigations were also conducted for the ingredients from gimbap restaurants A and B.
RESULTS In total, 106 people from gimbap restaurant A and 5 from gimbap restaurant B met the case definition. Salmonella Enteritidis was detected in samples from 2 food handlers, 22 patients, and 1 food (iceberg lettuce) at gimbap restaurant A and from 1 patient at gimbap restaurant B. According to PFGE, all isolates were identified as SEGX01.089. The molecular typing of all isolates showed the same pattern, and the genetic distance was close according to phylogenetic analysis. Eggs were the only food ingredient that was supplied to both gimbap restaurants.
CONCLUSIONS The outbreaks were caused by <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis, and the source of infections was suspected to be contaminated eggs. To prevent foodborne outbreaks of <i>Salmonella</i>, restaurants should heat eggs sufficiently, and egg farms need to establish management systems that prevent <i>Salmonella</i> infections.
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Summary
Korean summary
동일한 도시의 두 식당에서 2일 간격으로 살모넬라감염증 유행이 발생하여, 원인을 확인하고 두 유행 간에 연관이 있는지를 규명하기 위해 역학조사를 시행하였다. 병원체에 대한 유전자형 분석과 식재료 역추적조사 결과를 바탕으로 두 유행은 Salmonella Enteritidis에 의해 발생하였고, 감염원은 동일한 농장에서 공급된 오염된 계란으로 추적하였다.
Key Message
Salmonellosis outbreaks occurred at 2 restaurants in the same city 2 days apart, and epidemiological investigations were conducted to identify the causes and determine whether the outbreaks were connected. Based on the genetic characterization of the pathogens and traceback investigation of the food ingredients, the outbreaks were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis and the source of infection was traced to contaminated eggs, which were supplied from the same farm.
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Chromosome aberration and glutathio -S- transferase activitiy in peripheral lymphocytes of workers exposed to ethylene oxide.
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Jin Sook Kim, Sung Eun Lee, Hai Won Chung
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Korean J Epidemiol. ;15(2):212-221.
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Abstract
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Abstract
This study was undertaken to compare the frequency of chromosome aberrations and Glutathion -S- Transferase activity in peripheral lymphocytes between workers exposed to ethylene oxide and control group.
Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in 200cells per sample after culture for 48-51hrs.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The overall frequencies of cells with chromosome aberration were 1.8% in the exposed group and 0.9% in the control group. And the overall level of GST activity was 8.39 I.U in the exposed group and 7.99 I.U in the control group.
2. In the control group, It was found that significant increase in chromosome aberrations was associated with increasing age, but GST activity was not correlated with age.
3. For the exposed group, significant increase in chromosome aberration was observed among the workers working under poor ventilation compared to those under good ventilation. The frequencies of cells with chromosome aberration were 1.3% among the workers under good ventilation, 2.0% under poor ventilation and 2.7% under no ventilation. GST activity was not, however, correlated with the types of ventilation of the working environment.
From above results, it is suggested that the exposure to ethylene oxide increased the frequency of chromosome aberration and the level of GST activity, but there was no significant correlation between the frequency of chromosome aberration and level of GST activity.
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