Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/epih/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-11.txt): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 95 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 96
1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
3Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
4Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5Health Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
©2016, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Variable | Cases (n=229) | Controls (n=458) | p-value1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 102 (45) | 203 (44) | 0.95 |
Female | 127 (55) | 255 (55) | ||
Age (yr) | <10 | 9 (4) | 16 (4) | 0.38 |
10-19 | 14 (6) | 23 (5) | ||
20-39 | 117 (51) | 213 (46) | ||
40-59 | 68 (30) | 173 (38) | ||
≥60 | 21 (9) | 34 (7) | ||
Nationality | Iranian | 222 (97) | 450 (98) | 0.26 |
Afghan | 7 (3) | 8 (2) | ||
Residence | Urban | 215 (94) | 430 (94) | 1.00 |
Rural | 14 (6) | 28 (6) | ||
Marital status | Single | 58 (25) | 121 (26) | 0.75 |
Married | 171 (75) | 337 (73) | ||
Village of residence | Villages with a health care center (Health House) | 79 (11) | 78 (22) | 1.00 |
Villages without a health care center (Health House) | 21 (3) | 21 (6) |
Variable | Cases | Controls | Crude | p-value | Adjusted1 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contact with other cases of diarrhea in the past five days | 25 (10.9) | 21 (4.6) | 1.01 (0.66, 1.54) | 0.94 | - | - |
Vegetable and fruit consumption in the past three days | 155 (67.6) | 185 (40.3) | 3.09 (2.21, 4.31) | < 0.001 | 2.75 (1.95, 3.89) | <0.001 |
Purchasing food from street vendors or restaurants | 19 (8.2) | 41 (8.9) | 0.92 (0.52, 1.62) | 0.77 | - | - |
Consumption of unrefrigerated leftover food | 40 (17.4) | 22 (4.8) | 4.19 (2.42, 7.25) | < 0.001 | 3.05 (1.72, 5.41) | <0.001 |
History of traveling in the past five days | 61 (29.7) | 28 (6.1) | 5.75 (3.44, 9.02) | < 0.001 | 5.31 (2.21, 9.72) | <0.001 |
Variable | Cases (n=229) | Controls (n=458) | p-value |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 102 (45) | 203 (44) | 0.95 |
Female | 127 (55) | 255 (55) | ||
Age (yr) | <10 | 9 (4) | 16 (4) | 0.38 |
10-19 | 14 (6) | 23 (5) | ||
20-39 | 117 (51) | 213 (46) | ||
40-59 | 68 (30) | 173 (38) | ||
≥60 | 21 (9) | 34 (7) | ||
Nationality | Iranian | 222 (97) | 450 (98) | 0.26 |
Afghan | 7 (3) | 8 (2) | ||
Residence | Urban | 215 (94) | 430 (94) | 1.00 |
Rural | 14 (6) | 28 (6) | ||
Marital status | Single | 58 (25) | 121 (26) | 0.75 |
Married | 171 (75) | 337 (73) | ||
Village of residence | Villages with a health care center (Health House) | 79 (11) | 78 (22) | 1.00 |
Villages without a health care center (Health House) | 21 (3) | 21 (6) |
Sign | n (%) | 95% CI of % |
---|---|---|
Vomiting | 148 (64.6) | (58.3, 70.8) |
Nausea | 130 (56.8) | (50.3, 63.2) |
Fever | 51 (22.3) | (16.8, 27.7) |
Abdominal pain | 56 (24.5) | (52.5, 65.3) |
Headache | 56 (24.5) | (18.8, 30.0) |
Myalgia | 77 (33.6) | (27.4, 39.7) |
Severity of diarrhea | ||
Low | 35 (15.3) | (9.2, 21.4) |
Moderate | 73 (31.9) | (25.4, 37.6) |
Severe | 121 (52.8) | (46.8, 58.3) |
Type of treatment | ||
Outpatient | 74 (32.3) | (26.4, 38.7) |
Hospitalization | 155 (67.7) | (61.2, 73.5) |
Variable | Cases | Controls | Crude | p-value | Adjusted |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contact with other cases of diarrhea in the past five days | 25 (10.9) | 21 (4.6) | 1.01 (0.66, 1.54) | 0.94 | - | - |
Vegetable and fruit consumption in the past three days | 155 (67.6) | 185 (40.3) | 3.09 (2.21, 4.31) | < 0.001 | 2.75 (1.95, 3.89) | <0.001 |
Purchasing food from street vendors or restaurants | 19 (8.2) | 41 (8.9) | 0.92 (0.52, 1.62) | 0.77 | - | - |
Consumption of unrefrigerated leftover food | 40 (17.4) | 22 (4.8) | 4.19 (2.42, 7.25) | < 0.001 | 3.05 (1.72, 5.41) | <0.001 |
History of traveling in the past five days | 61 (29.7) | 28 (6.1) | 5.75 (3.44, 9.02) | < 0.001 | 5.31 (2.21, 9.72) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%). The proportions of cases and controls were tested using the chi-square test.
CI, confidence interval.
Values are presented as number (%) or odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Adjusted according to age and sex.