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Age-specific effects of ozone on pneumonia in Korean children and adolescents: a nationwide time-series study
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Sanghyuk Bae, In Gyu Song, Soontae Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022002.   Published online December 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022002
  • 10,418 View
  • 483 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate the age-specific effects of 8-hour maximum ozone levels on pneumonia in children and adolescents.
METHODS
We performed quasi-Poisson regression analyses for individuals of 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years of age using nationwide time-series data from the Korea (2011-2015). We constructed distributed lag linear models employing a generalized difference-in-differences method and controlling for other air pollutants.
RESULTS
A 10.0-parts per billion increase in 8-hour maximum ozone levels was associated with a higher risk of hospital admissions due to pneumonia at 0-4 (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.03) and 5-9 years of age (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08), but not at 10-14 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04) or 15-19 years of age (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.06). The association between ozone and hospital admissions due to pneumonia was stronger in cool seasons (from November to April) than in warm seasons (from May to October), but was similar between boys and girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Short-term exposure to ozone was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia at 0-4 years and 5-9 years of age, but not at 10-14 years or 15-19 years of age. Our findings can help identify vulnerable periods, determine the target populations for public health interventions, and establish air pollution standards.
Summary
Korean summary
-어린이와 청소년에서 대기오염물질인 오존에 단기 노출되었을 때 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하는지를 건강보험공단 청구자료를 이용하여 구축한 시계열자료로 분석하였다. -0-4세, 5-9세 군에서는 오존 단기 노출 시 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하였으나 10-14세, 15-19세 군에서는 입원 위험 증가가 관찰되지 않았다.
Key Message
• The effects of ozone levels on hospital admissions for pneumonia were evaluated. • We used quasi-Poisson time-series models and a difference-in-differences method. • Ozone levels increased hospital admissions for pneumonia at ages 0–4 and 5–9 years. • Evidence for the effects of ozone levels on pneumonia was not found at older ages.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Challenges of Air Pollution and Health in East Asia
    Xihao Du, Renjie Chen, Haidong Kan
    Current Environmental Health Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Intraday exposure to ambient ozone and emergency department visits among children: a case-crossover study in southern China
    Jiahong Ren, Lifeng Zhu, Yachen Li, Haiyi Li, Qian Hu, Jian Zhu, Qingyan Zhang, Yunquan Zhang
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(30): 74853.     CrossRef
Case Series of Pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia Inpatients in A Hospital.
Young Sun Min, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean J Epidemiol. 2006;28(1):112-118.
  • 11,621 View
  • 43 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this report is to examine characteristics of pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia inpatients.
METHODS
The authors conducted a medical record survey among 236 children under seventeen were hospitalized in a university hospital due to Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia, 2001-2003. The author reviewed gender, age, address, developed date of symptoms, admission day, discharge day, etc.
RESULTS
The number of inpatients was increased during late summer and fall. The mean age of all cases was 3.7+/-2.9 years old. One hundred ninety three cases (81.8%) had lung infiltration findings. The mean symptomatic period was 11.9+/-6.4 days (maximum 44 days, minimum 4 days, median 10 days), the mean hospital length of stay was 5.2+/-2.5 days (maximum 17 days, minimum 0 day, median 5 days).
DISCUSSION
The authors reviewed characteristics during last 3 years for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia. This report is meaningful with its basic data for the epidemiologic characteristics of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia inpatients.
Summary
Study of nosocomial pneumoniae in ICU of a hospital.
Yeoun Aeng Kim, Soon Duck Kim, Je Suk Lee
Korean J Epidemiol. 2005;27(2):61-69.
  • 33,578 View
  • 25 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
PURPOSE
As a retrospective study by using of medical records, this was to investigate the incidence rate of nosocomial pneumonia and risk factors and to determine the causing agent.
METHODS
Subjects were 336 patients during the period from January 2003 through December 2003. Nosocomial pneumonia was defined according to the definition(CDC, 1992).The statistical SPSS was used to analyze data that included chi-square, t-test and multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS
The actual number of patients with nosocomial pneumonia turned out to be 42 out of total 336 patients during the survey period. The incidence rate was 125 per 1,000 patients and 16.7 patients per 1,000 patient-days, which is comparable with 217 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1,000 patients and 34.8 per 1,000 patient-days. The significant risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia were identified as cardiomegaly based on chest radiography (OR=4.93; 95% CI=1.11-21.94), cerebral hemorrhage(OR=6.27; 95% CI=1.63-24.16), cerebral infarction(OR=4.39; 95% CI=1.05-18.40) and the duration of admission (OR=5.57; 95% CI=3.14-9.88). Causing agents of nosocomial pneumonia were Staphylococcus aureus 21.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17.4% and Acinetobacter baumani 17.4%. Ventilator-associated pneumonia were Acinetobacter baumani 27.5%, Staphylococcus aureus 24.2%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13.8%.
CONCLUSIONS
The cardiomegaly at admission, diagnosis and duration of admission were considered to enhance the incidence rate of nosocomial pneunoniae. Further studies and intervention actions would be necessary to deal with the nosocomial pneunoniae.
Summary

Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health