Epidemiology and Health

Special Article

Nutrition survey methods and food composition database update of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study: Seon-Joo Park, Jieun Lyu, Kyoungho Lee, Hae-Jeung Lee, Hyun-Young Park; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024042. Published online April 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024042

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Abstract

This study presents the nutrition survey methods and the updated food composition database for the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The KoGES, which is the largest and longest cohort study in Korea, aims to identify genetic and environmental factors associated with chronic diseases. This study has collected dietary data using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and/or the 24-hour recall method. However, these dietary survey methods use different food composition databases, and their nutritional values are out of date. Therefore, it became necessary to update the food composition database by revising nutrient analysis values to reflect improvements in the performance of food ingredient analysis equipment, revising international values to analysis values of Korean agricultural products, adjusting nutrient units, and adding newly reported nutrients related to chronic diseases. For this purpose, we integrated the different food composition databases used in each nutrition survey, updated 23 nutrients, and expanded 48 new nutrients for 3,648 food items using the latest reliable food composition databases published by national and international institutions. This revised food composition database may help to clarify the relationship between various nutrients and chronic diseases. It could serve as a valuable resource for nutritional, epidemiological, and genomic research and provide a basis for determining public health policies.

Summary

Korean summary
한국인유전체역학조사사업은 우리나라에서 가장 크고 오래된 코호트로 만성질환과 영양과의 관련성을 밝히기 위하여 사용되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 영양조사에 대한 자세한 방법론과 현재 공개하고 있는 23개 영양소의 업데이트 및 48개 새로운 영양소의 확대에 대한 내용을 소개하였다. 이러한 개선을 통해 KoGES 영양 데이터의 활용도가 더욱 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

Key Message
The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) is the largest and longest-running cohort study in South Korea aimed at identifying the relationship between chronic diseases and nutrient intake. This paper provides a detailed methods of the nutritional surveys and introduces updates to the existing 23 nutrients and the addition of 48 new nutrients. These enhancements are expected to significantly increase the utility of the KoGES nutritional data.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of FHIT gene variant and salty food preference with the incidence of metabolic syndrome
Jihyun Kim, Suyeon Lee, Shiva Raj Acharya, Dayeon Shin
Genes & Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A 14-year prospective cohort study
Sihan Song, Jieun Lyu, Bo Mi Song, Joong-Yeon Lim, Hyun-Young Park
Clinical Nutrition.2024; 43(9): 2156. CrossRef
Association between elevated glycosylated hemoglobin and cognitive impairment in older Korean adults: 2009–2010 Ansan cohort of the Korean genome and epidemiology study
Jung Sook Kim, Byung Chul Chun, Kyoungho Lee
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Associations of breastfeeding duration and the total number of children breastfed with self-reported osteoarthritis in Korea women 50 years and older: a cross-sectional study: Dajeong Ham, Sanghyuk Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023044. Published online April 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023044

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease, with a higher prevalence among women than men. The present study aimed to examine the associations of breastfeeding duration and the total number of children breastfed with osteoarthritis in Korean women aged 50 years and older.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, we used representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, phases 5 through 7 (2010-2018). Our analysis included 10,102 women aged ≥50 years. Osteoarthritis experience was defined as whether a physician had ever diagnosed osteoarthritis. Breastfeeding duration was categorized as 1-6 months, 7-24 months, and ≥25 months. The total number of children breastfed was categorized as 1-2, 3-4, and ≥5. The covariates were health behavior characteristics and risks of diseases (smoking, drinking, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, oral contraceptive use, and menopause) as well as socioeconomic characteristics (income, educational level, and occupation). A multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate associations between osteoarthritis and aspects of breastfeeding experience.

RESULTS

Compared to the non-breastfeeding group, the breastfeeding group had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 2.03) for osteoarthritis. Those who reported breastfeeding for >25 months had an OR of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.06).

CONCLUSIONS

The advantages of breastfeeding are already well known, but the present study suggests that women who breastfeed children for a longer time may have a higher risk of osteoarthritis after middle age.

Summary

Korean summary
골관절염은 가장 흔한 관절 질환이며 유병률은 여성에서 더 높다. 본 연구는 국민건강영양조사의 50세 이상 여성 10,130명을 대상으로 모유수유경험과 골관절염의 유병율 사이의 연관성을 분석하였다. 모유 수유의 이점은 이미 잘 알려져 있지만, 모유 수유 기간이 길수록 골관절염에 걸릴 가능성이 더 높음을 관찰하였다.

Key Message
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common disorders in elderly women and identifying risk factors may contribute to screening and early treatment. In the present article, we analyzed the association of breastfeeding and related factors with prevalent osteoarthritis in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The advantages of breastfeeding are already well known, but we observed that the longer the breastfeeding duration was the more likely the woman has osteoarthritis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Designing a Knee Self-care Checklist for Menopause Women with Knee Osteoarthritis
Masoomeh Dashtian, Sedighe Sadat Tavafian, Kambiz Karimzade Shirazi, Parviz Yazdanpanah
Journal of Education and Community Health.2024; 11(1): 25. CrossRef

The Current Status and the Perspectives of Nutrition Survey.: Mi Kyung Kim, Kirang Kim, Cho Il Kim, Kyungwon Oh, Yoo Jin Oh, Bo Youl Choi; Korean J Epidemiol. 2007;29(2):111-128.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a nationwide health survey in Korea. This survey is composed of three parts: the Health Interview Survey, the Health Examination Survey, and the Nutrition Survey. The aim of this study was to refine the nutrition survey system in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Based on the literature review, we summarized international survey systems and the limitations of the current system in Korea and proposed an improved system. We suggested the following: 1) A government agency which will be exclusively responsible for KNHANES overall is needed. 2) The current short-term nutrition survey should be a year-round survey. 3) The objectives of this survey should be written with more clarity and detail. 4) Biochemical measures in relation to nutritional status should be added. 5) The budget to set up various databases in the nutrition survey should be increased. 6) Various other issues should be addressed, including the definition of raw data (i.e., whether nutrient intake data per day is raw data), ethical issues in survey techniques, and strategies to produce evidence for the public using this survey data. Not all suggestions could be adopted in the short-term, but should be integrated into long-term goals for survey system improvement.; Summary

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