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1 "Matrix metalloproteinases"
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Original Article
Causal effect of serum matrix metalloproteinase levels on venous thromboembolism: a Mendelian randomization study
Deheng Han, Fangcong Yu, Liangrong Zheng
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024046.   Published online April 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024046
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  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the causal associations between serum levels of specific MMPs and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain unclear. The present study sought to explore the causal relationship between serum MMP levels and VTE by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.
METHODS
In this study 2-sample MR study, the exposure data on serum MMP levels were derived from genome-wide association studies involving 21,758 individuals from 13 cohorts of European descent. The outcome data on VTE, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, were derived from the FinnGen research project. The primary method used was the inverse-variance weighting method. The MR-Egger intercept test and the Cochran Q test were used to evaluate pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Using the inverse-variance weighting method, higher serum MMP-12 levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of VTE (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.07; p=0.001). Moreover, there was a weak association between the levels of certain MMPs and VTE. Sensitivity analyses revealed no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy in our study, and the Steiger directionality test did not reveal a significant reverse causation association.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a causal association between MMP-12 levels and VTE, which may have substantial implications for the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies used for VTE.
Summary
Key Message
We found that there is a causal association between matrix metalloproteinase-12 levels and venous thromboembolism. Serum matrix metalloproteinase may have profound implications on the diagnostic andtherapeutic strategies used for venous thromboembolism.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The arterial–venous continuum: bridging atherosclerosis and chronic venous disease through endothelial dysfunction
    Elena Campello, Andrea Boccatonda, Angela Napolitano, Chiara Simion, Paolo Simioni
    Internal and Emergency Medicine.2026; 21(5): 1531.     CrossRef
  • Molecular determinants of thromboinflammatory activation in inflammatory bowel disease
    Roko Šantić, Nikola Pavlović, Marko Kumrić, Marino Vilović, Joško Božić
    Journal of Molecular Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Proteomics-based clustering for higher risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome
    Xin Liu, Jing Ma, Yanshuang Lyu, Xiaomeng Zhang, Wanlu Song, Peiran Yang, Zhenguo Zhai, Guohui Fan, Dingyi Wang
    Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis.2026; 10(5): 106855.     CrossRef
  • Causal relationship between matrix metalloproteinase and pulmonary embolism: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
    Xiaowei Gong, Yadong Yuan
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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