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1 "Magnesium depletion score"
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Original Article
Associations of the magnesium depletion score and magnesium intake with diabetes among US adults: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018
Zhong Tian, Shifang Qu, Yana Chen, Jiaxin Fang, Xingxu Song, Kai He, Kexin Jiang, Xiaoyue Sun, Jianyang Shi, Yuchun Tao, Lina Jin
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024020.   Published online January 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024020
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  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is considered more reliable than traditional approaches for predicting magnesium deficiency in humans. We explored the associations of MDS and dietary magnesium intake with diabetes.
METHODS
We obtained data from 18,853 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Using multivariate regression and stratified analysis, we investigated the relationships of both MDS and magnesium intake with diabetes. To compute prevalence ratios (PRs), we employed modified Poisson or log-binomial regression. We characterized the non-linear association between magnesium intake and diabetes using restricted cubic spline analysis.
RESULTS
Participants with MDS ≥2 exhibited a PR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.34) for diabetes. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between MDS ≥2 and diabetes across all levels of dietary magnesium intake, including the lowest (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.55), middle (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.35), and highest tertiles (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.37; pinteraction<0.001). Per-SD increase in magnesium intake was associated with lower diabetes prevalence in participants with MDS <2 (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) and those with MDS ≥2 (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; pinteraction=0.030).
CONCLUSIONS
MDS is associated with diabetes, particularly among individuals with low magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may reduce diabetes risk, especially in those with high MDS.
Summary
Key Message
The relationship between magnesium intake and risk is currently understudied in the field of diabetes prevention. The study found that magnesium deficiency is associated with diabetes risk, especially in people with low magnesium intake. Dietary magnesium supplementation may reduce risk and provide a new strategy for diabetes prevention. This study fills this knowledge gap and is important for scientific understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and epidemiological prevention and control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Magnesium Depletion Score and Mortality in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease over a Median Follow-Up of 26 Years
    Lei Fan, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xinyuan Zhang, Shakirat Salvador, Xuehong Zhang, Martha J. Shrubsole, Manhal J. Izzy, Qi Dai
    Nutrients.2025; 17(2): 244.     CrossRef
  • Higher magnesium depletion score increases the risk of all‑cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults with diabetes
    Hao Zhang, Liping Kuang, Qiang Wan, Amirmohammad Khalaji
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0314298.     CrossRef
  • Magnesium Matters: A Comprehensive Review of Its Vital Role in Health and Diseases
    Ghizal Fatima, Andrej Dzupina, Hekmat B Alhmadi, Aminat Magomedova, Zainab Siddiqui, Ammar Mehdi, Najah Hadi
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Magnesium depletion score and depression: a positive correlation among US adults
    Wei Zhao, Hai Jin
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Magnesium depletion score and gout: insights from NHANES data
    Xu Cao, Haixia Feng, Huijie Wang
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between magnesium depletion score and the prevalence of kidney stones in the low primary income ratio: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007–2018
    Jiahao Wang, Yunfei Xiao, Yaqing Yang, Shan Yin, Jianwei Cui, Ke Huang, Jia Wang, Yunjin Bai
    International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(12): 7636.     CrossRef
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