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1 "Indigenous peoples"
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Original Article
Community-based surveillance of Cryptosporidium in the indigenous community of Boliwong, Philippines: from April to December 2017
Ryan V. Labana, Julieta Z. Dungca, Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018047.   Published online September 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018047
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  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
For the first time, Boliwong, an indigenous community in the Philippines, was surveyed for the prevalence of Cryptosporidium from April to December 2017.
METHODS
Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in samples from the river, creek, and water pumps via immunomagnetic separation techniques, and from human and animal concentrated faecal samples using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique.
RESULTS
Seven of the 24 water samples (29.2%) were positive for Cryptosporidium, with the highest concentration (0.8 oocyst/L) detected in the creek. Of 35 fecal samples from different animal groups, 8 (21.6%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. The highest intensity of oocyst shedding was detected in dogs (χ2 =8.00). Of the 137 human fecal samples, 39 (28.5%) were infected with Cryptosporidium. In this study, 3 risk factors were found to be associated with infection: (1) location (crude odds ratio [cOR], 16.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11 to 127.41; p=0.008), (2) drinking water from the natural spring (cOR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.82; p<0.05), and (3) using an open pit as a sanitary toilet facility (cOR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.20; p<0.05). When the cOR was adjusted, using an open pit as a sanitary toilet facility remained a significant risk factor of infection (adjusted OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.90; p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a potentially emerging Cryptosporidium zoonosis in Boliwong, Lagawe, Philippines. It is recommended that the toilet facilities and the water system in the community be rehabilitated to avoid any possible disease outbreak. Health education is also needed in the community to maintain proper hygiene and sanitation practices.
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk?
    Amanda D. Barbosa, Siobhon Egan, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao, Una Ryan
    Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2023; 4: 100158.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Epidemiology of Human Cryptosporidiosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Xin Yang, Yaqiong Guo, Lihua Xiao, Yaoyu Feng
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. for microbial source tracking of fecal contamination in Laguna Lake, Philippines
    Laurice Beatrice Raphaelle O. dela Peña, Mark Raymond A. Vejano, Windell L. Rivera
    Journal of Water and Health.2021; 19(3): 534.     CrossRef
  • Cryptosporidium in the Philippines
    Ryan Vidal Labana
    International Annals of Science.2018; 6(1): 18.     CrossRef
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