Epidemiology and Health

COVID-19: Cohort Profile

Cohort profile: investigating SARS-CoV-2 infection and the health and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canadian CHILD Cohort: Rilwan Azeez, Larisa Lotoski, Aimée Dubeau, Natalie Rodriguez, Myrtha E. Reyna, Tyler Freitas, Stephanie Goguen, Maria Medeleanu, Geoffrey L. Winsor, Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Emily E. Cameron, Leslie Roos, Elinor Simons, Theo J. Moraes, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Shelly Bolotin, Kim Wright, Deborah McNeil, David M. Patrick, Jared Bullard, Marc-André Langlois, Corey R. Arnold, Yannick Galipeau, Martin Pelchat, Natasha Doucas, Padmaja Subbarao, Meghan B. Azad; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023091. Published online October 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023091

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all Canadian families, with some impacted differently than others. Our study aims to: (1) determine the prevalence and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among Canadian families, (2) identify predictors of infection susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2, and (3) identify health and psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study builds upon the CHILD Cohort Study, an ongoing multi-ethnic general population prospective cohort consisting of 3,454 Canadian families with children born in Vancouver, Edmonton, Manitoba, and Toronto between 2009 and 2012. During the pandemic, CHILD households were invited to participate in the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study involving: (1) brief biweekly surveys about COVID-19 symptoms and testing; (2) quarterly questionnaires assessing COVID-19 exposure and testing, vaccination status, physical and mental health, and pandemic-driven life changes; and (3) in-home biological sampling kits to collect blood and stool. In total, 1,462 households (5,378 participants) consented to the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study: 2,803 children (mean±standard deviation [SD], 9.0±2.7 years; range, 0-17 years) and 2,576 adults (mean±SD, 43.0±6.5 years; range, 18-85 years). We will leverage the wealth of pre-pandemic CHILD data to identify risk and resilience factors for susceptibility and severity to the direct and indirect pandemic effects. Our short-term findings will inform key stakeholders and knowledge users to shape current and future pandemic responses. Additionally, this study provides a unique resource to study the long-term impacts of the pandemic as the CHILD Cohort Study continues.; Summary

Key Message
· This study of 1,462 Canadian families (5,378 individuals) leverages a decade of extensive pre-pandemic CHILD Cohort Study data to identify risk and resilience factors for susceptibility to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. · Our short-term findings will inform key stakeholders and knowledge users to shape current and future pandemic responses. · This study provides a unique resource to study the long-term impacts of the pandemic as the CHILD Cohort Study continues.

Perspective

Interpretation of the hygiene and microflora hypothesis for allergic diseases through epigenetic epidemiology: Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018006. Published online March 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018006

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

The hygiene hypothesis (HH) proposed by Strachan in 1989 was expanded to explain the inverse association between the occurrence of allergy disorders and the risk of infectious diseases and parasite infestation. The microflora hypothesis (MH) suggests that gut microbial dysbiosis in early life might trigger hypersensitivity disorders. The sharing concept of both HH and MH is gene-environment interaction, which is also a key concept in epigenetics. The amalgamation of epidemiology and epigenetics has created a scientific discipline termed epigenetic epidemiology. To accomplish an era of gene-environment-wide interaction studies, it is necessary to launch a national human epigenome project.

Summary

Korean summary
1989년 제시된 위생가설 (Hygiene hypothesis)은 최근 체내미생물가설 (Microflora hypothesis) 대치되어 알레르기 질환의 발생기전을 해석하고 있다. 두 가설 모두 유전-환경 상호작용 gene-environment interaction) 을 강조하고 있다는 점에서 향후 후성유전역학 연구에 대한 활성화가 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Multicenter study of seasonal and regional airborne allergens in Chinese preschoolers with allergic rhinitis
Zhifeng Huang, Aoli Li, Huiqing Zhu, Junxiu Pan, Jun Xiao, Jiang Wu, Yumin Han, Lili Zhong, Xuhui Sun, Lei Wang, Liang Hu, Cuihua Wang, Xingkai Ma, Zaixia Qiao, Min Zhang, Ling Yuan, Xin Liu, Jun Tang, Yue Li, Hong Yu, Zhaobing Zheng, Baoqing Sun
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mark Nomden, Daan B.E. van Wessel, Solomon Ioannou, Henkjan J. Verkade, Ruben H. de Kleine, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Janneke L.M. Bruggink, Jan B.F. Hulscher
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2021; 72(2): 202. CrossRef
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: A Controversial Relationship
Mariagrazia Piscione, Mariangela Mazzone, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Raffaella Muraro, Gabriella Mincione
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Frontiers in Physiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology.2019; 316(3): F488. CrossRef
Researches of Epigenetic Epidemiology for Infections and Radiation as Carcinogen
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Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(4): 169. CrossRef
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Hypothesis

The necessity of an observational study on the interactions between allergic history and citrus fruit intake for the prevention of pancreatic cancer: Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015028. Published online June 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015028

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Abstract

While the main product of Jeju Island is citrus fruit and the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among the students who live there is relatively high, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is lowest in Korea. Systematic reviews reporting allergic history and intake of citrus fruit as protective factors against pancreatic cancer (PCC) were published in 2005 and 2008, respectively. Although there were discrepancies in the results of the subgroup analyses between case-control and cohort studies, it is necessary to evaluate an interaction effect between allergic history and intake of citrus fruits on PCC risk.

Summary

Korean summary
췌장암 발생과 관련한 요인들의 규명이 절실한 상황에서, 알레르기 질환과 감귤섭취 각각이 발생억제 효과가 있다는 체계적 고찰연구가 있다. 그러나 코호트 연구들만으로 메타분석을 하였을 때는 두 억제 요인 모두 통계적 유의성이 없는 것으로 나왔다. 한편 지역별 췌장암 발생률에서 낮은 수준을 보이는 제주도는 주요 감귤생산지이면서, 초중고등학생의 아토피 유병률이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이런 사실들에 근거할 때 췌장암 발생에 있어 알레르기질환과 감귤섭취의 상호작용을 규명하는 코호트 연구를 제안한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Citation Discovery Tools for Conducting Adaptive Meta-analyses to Update Systematic Reviews
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2016; 49(2): 129. CrossRef
Hormonal Replacement Therapy and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Women: An Adaptive Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2015; 48(6): 280. CrossRef
Human papillomavirus infection and risk of lung cancer in never-smokers and women: an ‘adaptive’ meta-analysis
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2015; 37: e2015052. CrossRef
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2015; 48(5): 225. CrossRef

Review

Relationship between Stress and Biomarkers.: Sang Baek Koh; Korean J Epidemiol. 2002;24(2):137-147.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
Stress can induce modifications in the central nervous(CNS), autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine system. Thus, the stress response has long been measured in laboratory experiments by biochemical changes in the hormone systems that are referred to as the sympathetic nervous system(SNS) and pituitary-adrenocortical axes(HPA). These axes react to acute stress or chronic stress. The activation of these two particular pathways result in elevated serum levels of catecholamines, cortisol, ACTH, dopamine, and others hormones. But there is considerable debate about the relevance of traditional laboratory stress findings to real-life situation. The neurobiology of stress is a key step to the understanding of stress-induced changes of immune functions. The immune system operates in communication with brain and endocrine system. Because of this extensive communication, the immune system can influence how we feel and behave. The stress are associated with endocrine and autonomic changes that can inhibit immune system function. The concept of neurocardiology renders plausible the various theoretical constructs of stress as they relate to circulatory vascular disease. Detailed reviews of the anatomic connections between the brain and the heart and of experimental and clinical data on the role of the CNS in cardiac dysfunction can be found elsewhere. In this study, we reviewed that stress was associated with cardiovascular disease mortality through the known cardiovascular risk factors(hypertension, heart rate variability, homocycteine, and clotting system).; Summary

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