OBJECTIVES This study examines recently revised Korean government legislation addressing global infectious disease control for public health emergency situations, with the aim of proposing more rational, effective and realistic interpretations and applications for improvement of law.
METHODS
The Korea reported its first laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus on May 20, 2015. Since the first indexed case, Korean public health authorities enforced many public health measures that were not authorized in the law; the scope of the current law was too limited to cover MERS. Korea has three levels of government: the central government, special self-governing provinces, and si/gun/gu. Unfortunately, the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act does not designate the specific roles of each level of government, and does not state how these governmental branches should be vertically integrated in a state of emergency.
RESULTS
When thinking about these policy questions, we should be especially concerned about introducing a new act that deals with all matters relevant to emerging infectious diseases. The aim would be to develop a structure that specifies the roles of each level of government, and facilitates the close collaboration among them, then enacting this in law for the prevention and response of infectious disease.
CONCLUSIONS
To address this problem, after analyzing the national healthcare infrastructure along with the characteristics of emerging infectious diseases, we propose the revision of the relevant law(s) in terms of governance aspects, emergency medical countermeasure aspects, and the human rights aspect.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구의 목적은 2015년 메르스 발생 후, 감염병의 예방 및 관리에 관한 법률의 입법경과를 검토하여 감염병으로 인한 공중보건위기 대응과 관련된 법률의 보다 구체적인 개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. 중앙정부와 지자체의 협력을 위한 거버넌스, 응급상황에서의 긴급의약품 제공을 위한 절차, 격리 대상자의 인권보장과 관련된 부분의 충분한 법적 상당성을 갖추기 위해 국가 보건의료체계 하부구조 측면에서 문제점을 분석한 후 법률 개정방안을 제언하였다.
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