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Original Article
- The exposure rate to hepatitis B and C viruses among medical waste handlers in three government hospitals, southern Ethiopia
- Anteneh Amsalu, Mesfin Worku, Endale Tadesse, Techalew Shimelis
- Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016001. Published online January 5, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016001
- 22,223 View
- 264 Download
- 18 Web of Science
- 20 Crossref
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Abstract
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AbstractOBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among medical waste handlers.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. A total of 152 medical waste handlers (MWH) and 82 non-medical waste handlers (NMWH) were studied. Serum samples were collected from participants and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and anti-HCV using rapid immunochromatography assay. MWH were also screened for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs).RESULTSThe respective prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV was 1.3%, 39.4%, and 0.7% in MWH, compared to 2.4%, 17.1%, and 1.2%, respectively, in NMWH. Among MWH, 58.6% were susceptible to HBV infection. There was a significant difference in the rate of lifetime exposure to HBV in MWH compared with NMWH (odds ratio [OR], 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 6.13). However, there was no significant difference between participant groups with respect to current HBV infection (OR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.07 to 3.86) or anti-HCV (OR, 0.54; 95%CI, 0.03 to 8.69). Age older than 40 years and working in a hospital laundry were independent predictors of lifetime exposure to HBV infection. Eleven (7.2%) respondents were vaccinated against HBV.CONCLUSIONSLifetime exposure to HBV infection was significantly higher in MWH than in NMWH. The majority of MWH was not vaccinated against HBV and thus remains susceptible to contracting the infection. Screening upon hire followed by vaccination of MWH is recommended to reduce the transmission of HBV. -
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among waste handlers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Alemu Gedefie, Fekadeselassie Belege Getaneh, Habtu Debash, Saleamlak Sebsibe, Yonas Erkihun, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Yeshi Metaferia, Yeshimebet Kassa, Agumas Shibabaw, Mihret Tilahun, Getachew Mesfin Bambo, Samuel Sahile Kebede, Mekuanent Alemu, Wondmagegn D
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Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024; 81(8): 425. CrossRef - Medical and healthcare waste generation, storage, treatment and disposal: a systematic scoping review of risks to occupational and public health
Ed Cook, Anne Woolridge, Petra Stapp, Sarah Edmondson, Costas A. Velis
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology.2023; 53(15): 1452. CrossRef - Occurrence and transport of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater streams and its detection and remediation by chemical-biological methods
Sayan Bhattacharya, Kumar Abhishek, Shilpi Samiksha, Prabhakar Sharma
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances.2023; 9: 100221. CrossRef - Healthcare Waste—A Serious Problem for Global Health
Edyta Janik-Karpinska, Rachele Brancaleoni, Marcin Niemcewicz, Wiktor Wojtas, Maurizio Foco, Marcin Podogrocki, Michal Bijak
Healthcare.2023; 11(2): 242. CrossRef - Knowledge, attitude and practice of hepatitis C virus among waste handlers in Sidama, Ethiopia
Birhanu Betela Warssamo, Denekew Bitew Belay
Scientific African.2023; 21: e01764. CrossRef - The Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Municipal Waste Collectors in Southwest of Iran
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Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023; 27(2): 172. CrossRef - Hepatitis B virus infection status and associated factors among health care workers in selected hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya: A cross-sectional study
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Health Statistics- Trends of liver cancer and its major risk factors in Korea
- Eun-Young Lee, Tran Thi Xuan Mai, Yoonjung Chang, Moran Ki
- Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015016. Published online March 11, 2015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015016
- 26,263 View
- 268 Download
- 17 Web of Science
- 16 Crossref
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Abstract
Summary
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AbstractThe Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) is one of the countries with high incidence of liver cancer and there is great difference in incidence of liver cancer between male and female. We investigated the sex-specific trends of three major risk factors of liver cancer, which are hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The incidence of liver cancer was obtained from the Cancer Registration Statistics of the National Cancer Center of Korea. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity was based on data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Disease statistics from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea were used to evaluate trends in HCV infection and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The prevalence of these risk factors were compared with the incidence of liver cancer. Males had a three to four times higher incidence of liver cancer than females did from 1999 to 2011. This gap between the incidence for males and females increased with age and males aged 50 to 59 showed a five times higher incidence than females of the same age did. In general, HBsAg seropositivity decreased from 1998 to 2011. The prevalence of HCV infections was 96.2 and 90.3 per 100,000 females and males, respectively in 2013. The prevalences of HCV infections from 2009 to 2013 did not substantially differ. The annual average prevalence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis from 2009 to 2013 was 77.22 and 8.90 per 100,000 males and females, respectively; the prevalence among males was 8.7 times higher than that among females. The prevalence rapidly increased with age in males, and males aged 60 to 69 peaked with a 19.2 times higher prevalence than that among females of the same age group. We found that the incidence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, a major risk factor of liver cancer, exhibited a trend similar to that of liver cancer incidence in males, and this trend also differed remarkably by sex.
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SummaryKorean summary
한국의 간암 발생 추세에서 나타나는 큰 남녀차이와 관련하여 간암의 주요 위험요소로 평가되는 만성 간염, 음주, 간경변과 관련한 B형간염, C형간염, 알코올성 간경변의 유병률 추세를 살펴본 결과 알코올성 간경변의 유병률 추세에서 간암발생에서와 유사한 큰 남녀차이가 발견되었다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence is decreasing in Korea but increasing in the very elderly
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Infection and Drug Resistance.2021; Volume 14: 1921. CrossRef - Occupational Class and Cancer Survival in Korean Men: Follow-Up Study of Nation-Wide Working Population
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Medicine.2019; 98(30): e16369. CrossRef - Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma by age, sex, and liver disorder status: A prospective cohort study in Korea
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PLOS ONE.2018; 13(9): e0203110. CrossRef - Clustering Asian Countries According to the Trend of liver cancer Mortality Rates: an Application of Growth Mixture Models
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Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Time trends and patterns of primary liver cancer in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2015
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Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2016; 3(4): 335. CrossRef - Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China in 2011
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- Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence is decreasing in Korea but increasing in the very elderly
Original Article- Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype in Pusan, Korea.
- Hai Rim Shin, Jue Bok Song, Byung Seong Suh, In Sik Kim, Yun Young Huh, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim, In Hoo Kim, Jung Man Kim, Wo Won Shin, Hak Do Yang, Myung Kee Lee
- Korean J Epidemiol. 1997;19(2):111-121.
- 6,239 View
- 19 Download
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Abstract
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AbstractThe authors investigated the distribution of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype in blood donors with positive for anti-HCV (n=34), health check-up examiness with positive for anti-HCV (n=29), and in patients with various chronic liver disases positive for anti-HCV (n=63) in Pusan, Korea. HCV genotype was determined by using the molecular typing method through the reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) with four type specific primers. Among 116 anti-HCV positive study subjects, 66.4% were positive HCV RNA by RT-PCR. The major HCV genotype was type II (31.9%) and it was followed by type III (27.6%). Two cases were type IV (1.7%). Double infection with two different HCV genotypes (mixed type) was found in three cases (2.6%). Three cases (2.6%) were not determined by the four type specific primers, it may have different subtype. Type II was more prevalent than type III in the blood donors and health check-up examinees, but the reverse was true in the chronic liver disease patients including hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Type II was more prevalent than type III among the anti-HCV positive subjects with risk factors such as acupuncture history, surgical operation history, and trans-fusion history. In contrast type III was more prevalent than type II among the subjects without the above risk factors. It is supposed that the pathogenicity of different kind of HCV genotype might be different. The results of this study suggest that the type II and type III may be the major CV genotype in Korea. The differences of HCV genotype distribution between the study groups support that the clinical significance according to the HCV genotype may be different.
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