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The association between metabolic syndrome and heart failure in middle-aged male and female: Korean population-based study of 2 million individuals
Tae-Eun Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, JiDong Sung, Duk-Kyung Kim, Myoung-Soon Lee, Seong Woo Han, Hyun-Joong Kim, Sung Hea Kim, Kyu-Hyung Ryu
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022078.   Published online September 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022078
  • 6,341 View
  • 80 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Although an association is known to exist between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and heart failure (HF) risk, large longitudinal studies are limited. We investigated metabolic status as a risk factor for HF in middle-aged male and female and considered sex differences in various risk factors for HF using nationwide real-world data.
METHODS
Data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2009 to 2016 were analyzed. A total of 2,151,597 middle-aged subjects (between 50 and 59 years old) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into 3 groups (normal, pre‐ MetS, and MetS). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between MetS and incident HF after adjusting for clinical risk factors.
RESULTS
At baseline, MetS existed in 23.77% of male and 10.58% of female. Pre-MetS and MetS increased the risk of HF: the hazard ratios of pre-MetS for incident HF were 1.508 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.287 to 1.767) in male and 1.395 (95% CI, 1.158 to 1.681) in female, and those of MetS were 1.711 (95% CI, 1.433 to 2.044) in male and 2.144 (95% CI, 1.674 to 2.747) in female. Current smoking, a low hemoglobin level, underweight (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2), a high creatinine level, and acute myocardial infarction were also predictors of HF in both sexes.
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-MetS and MetS were identified as risk factors for HF in middle-aged male and female. The effect of MetS on the occurrence of HF was stronger in female than in male. Pre-MetS was also a predictor of HF, but was associated with a lower risk than MetS.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Integrating machine learning and nontargeted plasma lipidomics to explore lipid characteristics of premetabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome
    Xinfeng Huang, Qing He, Haiping Hu, Huanhuan Shi, Xiaoyang Zhang, Youqiong Xu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between metabolic syndrome and kidney cancer risk: a prospective cohort study
    Lin Wang, Han Du, Chao Sheng, Hongji Dai, Kexin Chen
    Lipids in Health and Disease.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Heart Failure in Young Korean Population: A Nationwide Study
    Tae-Eun Kim, Do Young Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, Jidong Sung, Duk-Kyung Kim, Myoung-Soon Lee, Seong Woo Han, Hyun-Joong Kim, Hyun Kyun Ki, Sung Hea Kim, Kyu-Hyung Ryu
    Metabolites.2024; 14(9): 485.     CrossRef
  • Do Sex and Gender-Related Differences Account to Different Risk of Developing Heart Failure in Middle-Aged People with Metabolic Syndrome?
    Stefano Bonapace, Alessandro Mantovani
    Metabolites.2024; 14(10): 528.     CrossRef
  • Sex and Age Differences in the Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Heart Failure Development
    Tae-Eun Kim, Do Young Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, Sung Hea Kim
    Metabolites.2024; 14(12): 653.     CrossRef
  • 17-year follow-up of association between telomere length and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome: results from the NHANES database prospective cohort study
    Lijiao Xiong, Guangyan Yang, Tianting Guo, Zhaohao Zeng, Tingfeng Liao, Yanchun Li, Ying Li, Fujuan Chen, Shu Yang, Lin Kang, Zhen Liang
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modifications of long-term heart rate variability produced in an experimental model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome
    W. M. Lozano, J. E. Ortiz-Guzmán, O. Arias-Mutis, A. Bizy, P. Genovés, L. Such-Miquel, A. Alberola, F. J. Chorro, M. Zarzoso, C. J. Calvo
    Interface Focus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Different Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on the Risk of Incidence of the Peripheral Artery Disease and the Venous Thromboembolism: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study in South Korea
    Myung Soo Park, Jong Sun Ok, JiDong Sung, Duk-Kyung Kim, Seong Woo Han, Tae-Eun Kim, Bum Sung Kim, Hyun-Joong Kim, Sung Hea Kim, Hyeongsu Kim
    Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Adjusting for reverse causation to estimate the effect of obesity on mortality after incident heart failure in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Maryam Shakiba, Hamid Soori, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Yahya Salimi
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016025.   Published online June 4, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016025
  • 18,380 View
  • 245 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The lower mortality rate of obese patients with heart failure (HF) has been partly attributed to reverse causation bias due to weight loss caused by disease. Using data about weight both before and after HF, this study aimed to adjust for reverse causation and examine the association of obesity both before and after HF with mortality.
METHODS
Using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 308 patients with data available from before and after the incidence of HF were included. Pre-morbid and post-morbid obesity were defined based on body mass index measurements at least three months before and after incident HF. The associations of pre-morbid and post-morbid obesity and weight change with survival after HF were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard model.
RESULTS
Pre-morbid obesity was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.49) but post-morbid obesity was associated with increased survival (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.88). Adjusting for weight change due to disease as a confounder of the obesity-mortality relationship resulted in the absence of any significant associations between post-morbid obesity and mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that controlling for reverse causality by adjusting for the confounder of weight change may remove or reverse the protective effect of obesity on mortality among patients with incident HF.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy in patients with acute heart failure
    Kenichi Matsushita, Kazumasa Harada, Takashi Kohno, Hiroki Nakano, Daisuke Kitano, Junya Matsuda, Makoto Takei, Hideaki Yoshino, Takeshi Yamamoto, Ken Nagao, Morimasa Takayama
    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2024; 34(5): 1325.     CrossRef
  • Impact of body mass index on cardiac adrenergic derangement in heart failure patients: a 123I-mIBG imaging study
    Klara Komici, Leonardo Bencivenga, Stefania Paolillo, Paola Gargiulo, Roberto Formisano, Roberta Assante, Carmela Nappi, Fabio Marsico, Adriana D’Antonio, Giovanni De Simini, Antonio Cittadini, Dino Franco Vitale, Alberto Cuocolo, Pasquale Perrone Filardi
    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2020; 47(7): 1713.     CrossRef
  • Impact of prior bariatric surgery on outcomes of hospitalized patients with heart failure: a population-based study
    Hedong Han, Tiantian Zhu, Yibin Guo, Yiming Ruan, Eyal Herzog, Jia He
    Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases.2019; 15(3): 469.     CrossRef
  • Body mass index and all-cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the China atrial fibrillation registry study
    Lu Wang, Xin Du, Jian-Zeng Dong, Wen-Na Liu, Ying-Chun Zhou, Song-Nan Li, Xue-Yuan Guo, Chen-Xi Jiang, Rong-Hui Yu, Cai-Hua Sang, Ri-Bo Tang, De-Yong Long, Nian Liu, Rong Bai, Laurent Macle, Chang-Sheng Ma
    Clinical Research in Cardiology.2019; 108(12): 1371.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Reverse Causality and Selective Attrition on the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women
    Hailey R Banack, Jennifer W Bea, Jay S Kaufman, Andrew Stokes, Candyce H Kroenke, Marcia L Stefanick, Shirley A Beresford, Chloe E Bird, Lorena Garcia, Robert Wallace, Robert A Wild, Bette Caan, Jean Wactawski-Wende
    American Journal of Epidemiology.2019; 188(10): 1838.     CrossRef
Risk factors for heart failure in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed myocardial infarction: a matched, case-control study in Iran
Ali Ahmadi, Koorosh Etemad, Arsalan Khaledifar
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016019.   Published online May 17, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016019
  • 22,343 View
  • 218 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Risk factors for heart failure (HF) have not yet been studied in myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Iran. This study was conducted to determine these risk factors.
METHODS
In this nationwide, hospital-based, case-control study, the participants were all new MI patients hospitalized from April 2012 to March 2013 in Iran. The data on 1,691 new cases with HF (enrolled by census sampling) were compared with the data of 6,764 patients without HF as controls. We randomly selected four controls per one case, matched on the date at MI and HF diagnosis, according to incidence density sampling. Using conditional logistic regression models, odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to identify potential risk factors.
RESULTS
The one-year in-hospital mortality rate was 18.2% in the cases and higher than in the controls (12.1%) (p<0.05). Significant risk factors for HF were: right bundle branch block (RBBB) (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.95 to 4.19), stroke (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.89), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.09). Diabetes, hypertension, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and age were determined to be the factors significantly associated with HF incidence (p<0.05). The most important factor in women was diabetes (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.88). Age, hypertension, PCI, CABG, and RBBB were the most important factors in men.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings may help to better identify and monitor the predictive risk factors for HF in MI patients. The pattern of risk factors was different in men and women.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Efficacy of a self-monitoring traffic light diary on outcomes of patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled trial
    Mahin Nomali, Ramin Mohammadrezaei, Mehdi Yaseri, Amirhossein Tayebi, Aryan Ayati, Gholamreza Roshandel, Abbasali Keshtkar, Shahrzad Ghiyasvandian, Kian Alipasandi, Hossein Navid, Masoumeh Zakerimoghadam
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2024; 152: 104704.     CrossRef
  • The feasibility and acceptability of an early tele-palliative care intervention to improve quality of life in heart failure patients in Iran: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    Arvin Mirshahi, Shahrzad Ghiasvandian, Meysam Khoshavi, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ali Khanipour-Kencha, Marie Bakitas, J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom, Rachel Wells, Masoumeh Zakerimoghadam
    Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications.2023; 33: 101114.     CrossRef
  • Predictions of Adherence to Treatment in Patients Referred to the Heart Failure Clinic of Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Tehran
    Asma Shojaee, Amir Vahedian Azimi, Nasim Naderi, Mohammad Mehdi Salaree, Fakhrudin Faizi
    Research in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023; 12(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Teaching Social Problem-Solving Skills on Quality of Life of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
    Sepideh Omidi, Keivan Kakabaraei, Asadollah Amiripour
    Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Medication Adherence and Health Literacy in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Iran
    Soheila Rezaei, Fatemeh Vaezi, Golnaz Afzal, Nasim Naderi, Gholamhossein Mehralian
    HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A prospective survey of atrial fibrillation management in Iran: Baseline results of the Iranian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (IRAF)
    Mona Heidarali, Hooman Bakhshandeh, Reza Golpira, Amirfarjam Fazelifar, Abolfath Alizadeh‐Diz, Zahra Emkanjoo, Shabnam Madadi, Farzad Kamali, Majid Maleki, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Majid Haghjoo
    International Journal of Clinical Practice.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparing the effects of teach-back method, multimedia and blended training on self-care and social support in patients with heart failure
    Maryam Karami Salaheddin Kola, Hedayat Jafari, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, Vida Shafipour
    Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021; 10(1): 248.     CrossRef
  • Gender based survival prediction models for heart failure patients: A case study in Pakistan
    Faisal Maqbool Zahid, Shakeela Ramzan, Shahla Faisal, Ijaz Hussain, Olalekan Uthman
    PLOS ONE.2019; 14(2): e0210602.     CrossRef
  • Relationship of the ORBIT and HAS-BLED scores with Killip class 3-4 in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
    Qing Zhang, Lei Zhou, Hong-Li Cai, Hui-He Lu
    Medicine.2019; 98(8): e14578.     CrossRef
  • Survival rate and predictors of mortality in patients hospitalised with heart failure: a cohort study on the data of Persian registry of cardiovascular disease (PROVE)
    Mahshid Givi, Davood Shafie, Fatemeh Nouri, Mohammad Garakyaraghi, Ghasem Yadegarfar, Nizal Sarrafzadegan
    Postgraduate Medical Journal.2018; 94(1112): 318.     CrossRef
  • Self-Monitoring by Traffic Light Color Coding Versus Usual Care on Outcomes of Patients With Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Mahin Nomali, Ramin Mohammadrezaei, Abbas Ali Keshtkar, Gholamreza Roshandel, Shahrzad Ghiyasvandian, Kian Alipasandi, Masoumeh Zakerimoghadam
    JMIR Research Protocols.2018; 7(11): e184.     CrossRef
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