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Original Articles
Impact of secondhand smoke exposure in former smokers on their subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: evidence from the population-based cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Masoumeh Sadeghi, Maryam S. Daneshpour, Soheila Khodakarim, Amir Abbas Momenan, Mahdi Akbarzadeh, Hamid Soori
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020009.   Published online March 8, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020009
  • 12,932 View
  • 154 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Cigarette smoking is an established, strong, and modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little research has investigated CHD risk in former smokers who continue to be exposed to others’ cigarette smoke (former & secondhand smokers).
METHODS
In the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a prospective population-based cohort (n=20,069) was followed up for a median period of 14.6 years. A subset of 8,050 participants of 30 years of age and older was analyzed, with first CHD events as the study outcome. Participants were categorized as never, former, current, secondhand, and former & secondhand smokers. Data on smoking intensity (cigarette/d) were also collected. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate the risk of CHD, taking into account the main potential confounders.
RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 46.10 ±11.38 years, and they experienced 1,118 first CHD events (with most CHD cases in former smokers) during the follow-up period. The risk of CHD was highest in current smokers, followed in order by former & secondhand, former, and secondhand smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 2.39; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.08; HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.72; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.51, respectively), compared to never smokers. The risk of CHD increased with smoking intensity, which has been proposed as a preferable measure of smoking, indicating a dose-response pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
The elevated risk of CHD in former & secondhand smokers was a noteworthy finding, with possible implications for health policy; however, further research is needed.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study
    Luisa S. Flor, Jason A. Anderson, Noah Ahmad, Aleksandr Aravkin, Sinclair Carr, Xiaochen Dai, Gabriela F. Gil, Simon I. Hay, Matthew J. Malloy, Susan A. McLaughlin, Erin C. Mullany, Christopher J. L. Murray, Erin M. O’Connell, Chukwuma Okereke, Reed J. D.
    Nature Medicine.2024; 30(1): 149.     CrossRef
  • Predictive Value of Cardiovascular Health Score for Health Outcomes in Patients with PCI: Comparison between Life’s Simple 7 and Life’s Essential 8
    Xueqin Gao, Xinrui Ma, Ping Lin, Yini Wang, Zhenjuan Zhao, Rui Zhang, Bo Yu, Yanhua Hao
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3084.     CrossRef
  • A gender specific risk assessment of coronary heart disease based on physical examination data
    Hui Yang, Ya-Mei Luo, Cai-Yi Ma, Tian-Yu Zhang, Tao Zhou, Xiao-Lei Ren, Xiao-Lin He, Ke-Jun Deng, Dan Yan, Hua Tang, Hao Lin
    npj Digital Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The predictive accuracy of coronary heart disease risk prediction models in rural Northwestern China
    Jiangwei Qiu, Zhenqi Chang, Kai Wang, Kexin Chen, Qingan Wang, Jiaxing Zhang, Juan Li, Chan Yang, Yi Zhao, Yuhong Zhang
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2023; 36: 102503.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for incident cardiovascular events among adults in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
    Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, Sojib Bin Zaman, Amanda G. Thrift, Roger G. Evans, Ayse Zengin
    Preventive Medicine.2022; 158: 107036.     CrossRef
  • Burden of current and past smoking across 28 European countries in 2017: A cross-sectional analysis
    Ayaka Teshima, Anthony Laverty, Filippos Filippidis
    Tobacco Induced Diseases.2022; 20(June): 1.     CrossRef
  • Role of Air Pollution and rs10830963 Polymorphism on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study
    Fatemeh Jabbari, Anoushiravan Mohseni Bandpei, Maryam S. Daneshpour, Abbas Shahsavani, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar, Amir abbas Momenan, Fereidoun Azizi
    Journal of Diabetes Research.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of CHD: Vegetable consumption and risk for CHD in Korean men.
Kyung Won Oh, Il Suh, Kang Hee lee, Chung Mo Nam, Suk Il Kim, Hyung Gon Kang, Sun Ha Jee, Seung Yun Cho, Won Heum Shim
Korean J Epidemiol. 1998;20(2):234-245.
  • 5,107 View
  • 19 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of vegetable consumption with the incidence of CHD in Korean men by a case-control study. The case group consisted of 108 patients with EKG-confirmed myocardial infarct or angiographically-confirmed(>or=50% stenosis) angina pectoris admitted to a university teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea. Controls were 142 age-matched patients admitted to the departments of ophthalmology and orthopedic surgery at the same hospital. Dietary intake was assessed by a nutritionist using a semiquantitative food frequency method, while body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, and past history of cardiovascular disease were determined during an interview and examination. The consumption of vegetables was classified by the average frequency of intake(less than 3 times/week, 3~4 times/week, 5~6 times/week, more than once/day). The percentage of subjects who consumed vegetables less than 3 times per week was 29.6% for cases and 17.6% for controls; while men who consumed vegetavle more than once per day were 16.7% for cases and 32.4% for controls. After the adjustment for age, body mass index, and tobacco use, the odds ratio of men who consumed vegetables at least once per day was 0.38(95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.85) compared with men who consumed vegetables less than three times per week. These results suggested that in a population with a relatively low fat intake, consumption of vegetables at least once per day may reduce the risk of CHD in men.
Summary
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