KSE
Search
- Page Path
- HOME > Search
Original Article
- Associations between socioeconomic status and blood cadmium levels in Korea
- Yongho Jee, Sung-il Cho
- Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019018. Published online May 15, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019018
- 10,909 View
- 213 Download
- 5 Web of Science
- 5 Crossref
-
Abstract
Summary
PDF -
AbstractOBJECTIVES
Although smoking is associated with both low socioeconomic status and blood cadmium (Cd) levels, the association between socioeconomic status and Cd levels remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to examine this association and to clarify whether smoking is a confounding or mediating variable in this relationship.METHODSData (n=7,734) were drawn from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008- 2011), including years that contained data on blood Cd and urinary cotinine levels. We investigated the associations of income, education, and occupation with blood Cd levels. Smoking was investigated by categorizing participants by smoking status (never, former, and current) and pack-years into quartiles. The weekly frequency of rice and barley intake was analyzed to gain insights into participants’ dietary patterns. Additionally, urinary cotinine levels were used to ensure the validity of the smoking variables.RESULTSParticipants earning a low income and with less formal education had higher blood Cd levels. After controlling for smoking, the association between income and Cd levels substantially weakened. Further controlling for education, the association between income and Cd levels disappeared. However, there was a strong negative association between education and Cd levels, even after controlling for smoking history, pack-years, and urinary cotinine levels.CONCLUSIONSIn cross-sectional data from the KNHANES, blood Cd levels were significantly higher among those with a low income and less formal education. Smoking history contributed to, but did not fully explain, these associations. -
SummaryKorean summary
흡연은 낮은 사회경제적 상태와, 높은 혈중 카드뮴 상태 등과 관련이 있다고 보고가 되어 왔지만, 사회경제적 상태와 혈중 카드뮴 상태의 연관성은 불분명하다. 따라서, 본 연구는 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 사회경제적 상태와의 관련성을 분석하고, 흡연이라는 변수가 이 관련성에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 보고자 하였다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study
Shuduo Zhou, Mintao Su, Peng Shen, Zongming Yang, Pengfei Chai, Shengzhi Sun, Hongbo Lin, Liming Shui, Na Zhang, Ming Xu, Zhi-Jie Zheng, Jianbing Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, Kun Chen
BMC Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Cross-level interaction between individual education and regional chemical fertilizer consumption on the risk of hypertension: evidence from the China hypertension survey
Jiajia Li, Zengwu Wang, Shiqi Lin, Lijun Pei, Linfeng Zhang, Xin Wang, Zuo Chen, Congyi Zheng, Yuting Kang, Lu Chen, Haoqi Zhou, Runlin Gao
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(3): 6390. CrossRef - The effect of blood cadmium levels on hypertension in male firefighters in a metropolitan city
Ye-eun Jeon, Min Ji Kim, Insung Chung, Jea Chul Ha
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Interactions between Environmental Factors and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Genes with Respect to Detectable Blood Aluminum Concentrations in Jamaican Children
Mohammad H. Rahbar, Maureen Samms-Vaughan, Yuansong Zhao, Sepideh Saroukhani, Jan Bressler, Manouchehr Hessabi, Megan L. Grove, Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington, Katherine A. Loveland
Genes.2022; 13(10): 1907. CrossRef - Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Urinary Cadmium in Women from Northern Mexico
Ángel Mérida-Ortega, Lizbeth López-Carrillo, Karla Rangel-Moreno, Natalia Ramirez, Stephen J. Rothenberg
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(23): 12581. CrossRef
- Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study
First
Prev
