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Original Articles
Association of work-time control with burnout and turnover intention: a cross-sectional analysis of a general working population in Korea
Hye-Eun Lee, Seong-Sik Cho, Mo-Yeol Kang
Epidemiol Health. 2026;48:e2026011.   Published online February 21, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2026011
  • 5,484 View
  • 154 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
For employees, work-time control (WTC) may protect against burnout and turnover. However, evidence from Korean workplaces is limited. This study aimed to examine whether WTC is associated with burnout and turnover intention and to test whether burnout mediates this relationship.
METHODS
We analyzed data from 4,745 wage workers in the 2024 wave of the Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study. WTC was assessed across 6 domains, burnout was measured using the Korean Burnout Syndrome Scale, and turnover intention was assessed using a validated 4-item scale. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of WTC quartile with burnout and turnover intention, and mediation analysis was used to decompose the association between WTC and turnover intention through burnout.
RESULTS
Among 4,745 workers, the prevalence of burnout was 3.9% and turnover intention was 34.5%; both increased stepwise across lower WTC quartiles. In adjusted models, workers in the lowest WTC quartile had higher odds of burnout (odds ratio [OR], 3.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41 to 6.47) and turnover intention (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.85 to 2.71) than those in the highest quartile. Mediation analysis showed that burnout explained 36.6% (95% CI, 22.3 to 51.0) of the association between WTC and turnover intention.
CONCLUSIONS
Lower WTC was linked to higher burnout and turnover intention, with burnout explaining more than one-third of this relationship.
Summary
Korean summary
근로시간 통제(work-time control, WTC)가 낮을수록 한국 노동자에서 번아웃과 이직 의도가 더 높게 나타났다. WTC가 가장 낮은 집단은 가장 높은 집단에 비해 번아웃 위험이 약 4배, 이직 의도는 약 2배 이상 높았다. 번아웃은 WTC와 이직 의도 사이 연관성의 약 36.6%를 매개하여, 근로시간 자율성을 높이는 것이 번아웃을 줄이고 이직 의도를 낮추는 데 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다.
Key Message
Lower work-time control (WTC) was associated with higher burnout and greater turnover intention among Korean workers. Workers in the lowest WTC quartile had nearly four times higher odds of burnout and more than twice the odds of turnover intention compared with those in the highest quartile. Burnout mediated about 36.6% of the association between WTC and turnover intention, suggesting that improving schedule control may reduce turnover partly by preventing burnout.
Predictors of job satisfaction and burnout among tuberculosis management nurses and physicians
Hae-Suk Seo, Hyunjoong Kim, Se-Min Hwang, Soo Hyun Hong, In-Young Lee
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016008.   Published online March 9, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016008
  • 36,197 View
  • 322 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study examined job satisfaction, empowerment, job stress, and burnout among tuberculosis management nurses and physicians in public healthcare institutions.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study analyzing survey data collected from 249 nurses and 57 physicians in 105 public health centers, three public tuberculosis hospitals, and one tertiary hospital. The survey questionnaire comprised general characteristics, work-related characteristics, and four index scales (job satisfaction, empowerment, job stress, and burnout). The two-sample t-test was used to estimate the mean differences in the four index scales. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether general and work-related characteristics affected the four index scales.
RESULTS
The job satisfaction and empowerment scores of the nurses were lower than those of the physicians. Except for the tuberculosis-specialized hospitals alone, the average job satisfaction scores of nurses were higher than those of physicians. Moreover, the nurses reported more job stress and burnout than did the physicians in tuberculosis departments in public healthcare institutions in Korea; in particular, the burnout reported by nurses was significantly higher than that reported by physicians at the National Medical Center. Marital status, nursing position, number of coworkers, the average number of days of overtime work per month, self-rated health, and hospital type were associated with the four index scales.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, nurses were more vulnerable to job stress and burnout than physicians. Reducing the workload of nurses by ensuring the presence of sufficient nursing staff and equipment, as well as by equipping facilities to prevent tuberculosis infections, should be considered priorities.
Summary
Korean summary
"본 연구에서는 직무만족도, 임파워먼트, 직무스트레스와 업무소진을 결핵관리 의사와 간호사에서 살펴 보았다. 전반적으로 결핵관리 간호사들의 업무관련 심리적 지표가 의사들에 비해 안좋았으나 결핵전문병원 간호사들의 직무만족도가 예외적으로 의사보다 좋았다. 이러한 간호사들의 업무관련 심리적 지표는 결혼상태, 간호사들의 서열, 동료간호사들의 수, 월별 평균초과근무일수, 주관적 건강상태와 근무하는 병원형태에 따라 영향을 받았고, 향후 이에 대한 심층연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.”

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • An Emotion-Based Perspective on Risk Assessment: The SOR Model for Operators
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    Ramazan Sami Aktaş, Sevdegul Bilvanisi, Ayşe Ertekin, Gizem Gizli, Faruk Kurhan
    Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi.2025; 26(2): 133.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Impact of Work Passion, Emotional Labor, and Psychological Capital on Burnout Syndrome: A Path Analysis Approach
    Ayşe Bostan, Yavuz Selim Balcıoğlu, Meral Elçi
    Sage Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    International Nursing Review.2024; 71(4): 1130.     CrossRef
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    Geng Wang, Quan Yuan, Xinyu Feng, Ting Zhang, Qingya Wang, Qingning Huang, Shili Liu, Yong Chen, Jiani Zhou, Wen Zhang, Ying Li
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    Maria H. Kim, Alick C. Mazenga, Xiaoying Yu, Katie Simon, Phoebe Nyasulu, Peter N. Kazembe, Thokozani Kalua, Elaine Abrams, Saeed Ahmed, Andrew Carl Miller
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    Jialin Wang, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Huijuan He, Fen Feng, Junwen Li, Linli Zhuang, Min Lin
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