Epidemiology and Health

COVID-19: Perspective

Magnifying the importance of collecting race, ethnicity, industry, and occupation data during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sai Krishna Gudi, Sophia M. George, Komal Krishna Tiwari; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021095. Published online November 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021095

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Abstract

The contagiousness of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) led to the imposition of historical lockdowns in various countries. No scientific mind could have made accurate projections of the tremendous impact that COVID-19 would have on nations, communities, and the global-wide economy. Meanwhile, millions of workers have lost their jobs, while healthcare workers are overwhelmed and are reaching a state of mental and physical exhaustion. With the uncontrollable spread, researchers have been working to identify factors associated with COVID-19. In this regard, race, ethnicity, industry, and occupation have been found to be predominant factors of interest. However, unfortunately, the unavailability of such information has been a difficult reality. Since race, ethnicity, and employment are essential social determinants of health and could serve as potential risk-factors for COVID-19, collecting such information may offer important context for prioritising vulnerable groups. Thus, this perspective aims to highlight the importance and need for collecting race, ethnicity, and occupation-related data to track and treat the racial/ethnic groups that have been most strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Collecting such data will provide valuable insights and help public health officials recognise workplace-related outbreaks and evaluate the odds of various ethnic groups and professions contracting COVID-19.

Summary

Key Message
As essential social determinants of health, collecting and recording the race/ethnicity, occupation and industry information will provide valuable insights and help public health officials identify workplace-related outbreaks and evaluate the odds of various ethnic groups and professions contracting COVID-19.

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Evaluating COVID-19 Risk to Essential Workers by Occupational Group: A Case Study in Massachusetts
Beth M. Haley, Prasad Patil, Jonathan I. Levy, Keith R. Spangler, Koen F. Tieskens, Fei Carnes, Xiaojing Peng, R. Monina Klevens, T. Scott Troppy, M. Patricia Fabian, Kevin J. Lane, Jessica H. Leibler
Journal of Community Health.2024; 49(1): 91. CrossRef

Original Articles

Misconceptions and stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey: Desi Suantari; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021094. Published online November 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021094

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Data are not available in Indonesia to measure the main indicators of zero new infections, zero acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths and zero discrimination. This study aimed to determine factors related to misconceptions about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and the stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Indonesia

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample was women and men aged 17-45 years and married (n=3,023).

RESULTS

Education and wealth index quintile were significantly related to misconceptions about HIV transmission. Respondents with low levels of education were more likely to have misconceptions about HIV transmission. Respondents who were in the poorest, poorer, middle, and richer quintiles of the wealth index were more likely to have misconceptions about HIV transmission than those in the richest quintile. Educational level, employment status, and wealth index quintile were predictors of stigma against PLWHA.

CONCLUSIONS

There are still many Indonesian people with misconceptions about HIV transmission and stigma against PLWHA. Future studies should focus on educational programs or interventions aimed at increasing public knowledge and awareness, promoting compassion towards PLWHA, and emphasizing respect for the rights of PLWHA. These interventions are particularly important for populations who are uneducated and living in poverty.

Summary

Key Message
Many Indonesians still experience misconceptions about HIV transmission and stigmatize PLWHA. Educational programs or interventions are needed to increase public knowledge and awareness, promoting compassion towards PLWHA, and emphasizing respect for the rights of PLWHA, particularly among the poor and uneducated.

Citations

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Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of public stigma towards people with HIV and its impact on HIV testing uptake: A cross‐sectional study in 64 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Ana Mendez‐Lopez, Trenton M. White, María José Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca, Jeffrey V. Lazarus
HIV Medicine.2024; 25(1): 83. CrossRef
The Pandemics of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Analysis of HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Robert Kajiita, Simon Kang'ethe
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 889. CrossRef
The Unheard Stories: Experiences of Young People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Dealing with Discrimination in the Philippines
Donna Sombrea, Sofia Liane Santarin, Trixie Gayle Verde, Andrea Tidalgo, Coleen Tolosa
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care.2024; Volume 16: 33. CrossRef
Stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among general adult population: the results from the 6th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES VI)
Sineenart Chautrakarn, Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Aksara Thongprachum, Jukkrit Wungrath, Suwat Chariyalertsak, Scott Stonington, Surasak Taneepanichskul, Sawitri Assanangkornchai, Pattapong Kessomboon, Nareemarn Neelapaichit, Wichai Aekpl
Journal of Global Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factor Associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among males: Findings from 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey
Jamal Abdul Nasir, Muhammad Danish Khan, Syed Arif Ahmed Zaidi
Journal of Biosocial Science.2023; 55(6): 1169. CrossRef
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its determinants in India: Findings from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019– 2021)
Mansi Malik, Siaa Girotra, Debolina Roy, Saurav Basu
Population Medicine.2023; 5(May): 1. CrossRef

Effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer: evidence from Korean National Health Insurance Database Cohort: Kwanghyun Kim, Chang Woo Kim, Aesun Shin, Hyunseok Kang, Sun Jae Jung; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021093. Published online November 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021093

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the risk of chemotherapy-related and radiotherapy-related cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients.

METHODS

Medical use data of colorectal cancer patients were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Database from 2004 to 2018. We randomly selected 40% of all colorectal cancer patients (n=148,848). Cognitive impairment was defined as having 1 or more International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision diagnostic codes for dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Patients aged 18 years or younger, patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment before colorectal cancer diagnosis (n=8,225), and patients who did not receive primary resection (n=45,320) were excluded. The effects of individual chemotherapy regimens on cognitive impairment were estimated. We additionally estimated the effect of radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Time-dependent competing risk Cox regression was conducted to estimate the overall and age-specific hazard ratios (HR) separately for colon and rectal cancer. Landmark analyses with different lag times were conducted as sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS

Chemotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients (colon cancer: HR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.03; rectal cancer: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.04), while radiotherapy was negatively associated with cognitive impairment in rectal cancer patients (HR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99). Varying directions of the associations between regimens and cognitive impairment were detected. The adverse effect of certain chemotherapy regimens on cognition was more prominent in older adults.

CONCLUSIONS

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Older patients with low cognitive reserve could be affected by the adverse cognitive effects of chemotherapy.

Summary

Korean summary
- 대장암 환자를 대상으로 한 항암화학요법 및 방사선요법은 인지기능저하의 위험을 높이지 않았다 - 일부 항암화학요법의 경우 고령의 대장암 환자에서 인지기능저하의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있다

Key Message
Results from nationwide cohort of Korea showed that chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients.

Citations

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Predictors of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis
Jing Xu, Yuelan Yang, Die Hu
PeerJ.2023; 11: e15405. CrossRef
Soluble HSPG and HS relaying neuroinflammation contribute to behavioral comorbidities associated with cancer located outside the central nervous system
Yue-peng Liu, Yan-jun Yang
Medical Hypotheses.2023; 177: 111113. CrossRef
Chemotherapy-induced functional brain abnormality in colorectal cancer patients: a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Siwen Liu, Yesong Guo, Jie Ni, Na Yin, Chenchen Li, Xuan Pan, Rong Ma, Jianzhong Wu, Shengwei Li, Xiaoyou Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between multimorbidity status and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 245,483 participants
He-Ying Hu, Ya-Ru Zhang, Qiaolifan Aerqin, Ya-Nan Ou, Zuo-Teng Wang, Wei Cheng, Jian-Feng Feng, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Translational Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Association between early antenatal care and antenatal care contacts across low-and middle-income countries: effect modification by place of residence: Paschal Awingura Apanga, Maxwell Tii Kumbeni; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021092. Published online November 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021092

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The relationship between receiving early antenatal care (ANC) and 8 or more antenatal contacts (ANC8+) has not been well characterised across low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is also unclear whether the association between early ANC and ANC8+ is modified by a woman’s place of residence. Our primary aim was to assess the relationship between early ANC and ANC8+ and to investigate whether this relationship was modified by place of residence. We also estimated the coverage of ANC8+ across LMICs.

METHODS

We analysed data on 207,388 mothers with a recent live birth using multiple indicator cluster surveys conducted between 2017 and 2020 in 30 LMICS. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance was used to evaluate the relationship between early ANC and ANC8+, whilst adjusting for country, clustering, stratification, and sampling weights. Effect modification by place of residence was assessed on additive and multiplicative scales. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool prevalence estimates of ANC8+ across all countries.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of ANC8+ was 35.6%, ranging from 1.7% in Madagascar to 99.4% in Belarus. Early ANC was positively associated with ANC8+ (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 3.74). There was evidence of positive effect modification on additive (relative excess risk due to interaction, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.44) and multiplicative (aPR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.95) scales.

CONCLUSIONS

Many LMICs may not have adopted the 2016 World Health Organization guidelines on ANC8+. Receiving early ANC was associated with a higher likelihood of ANC8+, particularly for women in rural areas.

Summary

Key Message
Our findings suggest that early antenatal care (ANC) was associated with the likelihood of receiving eight or more ANC contacts (ANC8+) among all mothers across low-and middle-income countries. This association was modified by a woman’s place of residence such that mothers living in rural areas who received early ANC had a higher prevalence of ANC8+. Public health programs, which focus on increasing the coverage of ANC8+ should encourage all pregnant women to receive early ANC, particularly those living rural areas.

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The practice of polygyny on the utilisation of reproductive health services among married women in Ghana
Maxwell Tii Kumbeni, John Ndebugri Alem, Florence Assibi Ziba, Agani Afaya, Paschal Awingura Apanga
Journal of Biosocial Science.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Determinants of Focused Antenatal Care Utilization Among Women in Simiyu Region Tanzania
Agatha F. Ngowi, Serafina Mkuwa, Laura Shirima, Frida Ngalesoni, Gasto Frumence
SAGE Open Nursing.2023; 9: 237796082311707. CrossRef
Contents of antenatal care services in Afghanistan: findings from the national health survey 2018
Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Essa Tawfiq, Massoma Jafari, Abdul Wahed Wasiq, Mohammad Khaled Seddiq, Sheena Currie, Hadia Sayam, Ahmad Haroon Baray, Sayed Ataullah Saeedzai
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The moderating role of partners’ education on early antenatal care in northern Ghana
Paschal Awingura Apanga, Maxwell Tii Kumbeni, James Kotuah Sakeah, Ayokunle A. Olagoke, Olufemi Ajumobi
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

A comprehensive study of deaths due to exposure to humidifier disinfectant in Korea: focusing on medical records, assessment of exposure to humidifier disinfectants, and causes of death: Yeong Jun Ju, Seungho Lee, Seungsoo Sheen, Dong-Woo Choi, Jong-Han Leem, Soon Young Lee; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021091. Published online November 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021091

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to determine the characteristics of the deceased victims of deaths caused by exposure to humidifier disinfectants, and present the distribution of the victims’ data submitted for damage application, demographic characteristics, imaging findings, characteristics of humidifier disinfectant exposure, and distribution of the causes of death.

METHODS

An integrated database of victims was established using the medical records data of 1,413 victims submitted during the application for death damage caused by exposure to humidifier disinfectants, and the demographic characteristics, medical records, imaging findings, exposure characteristics, and cause of death were examined.

RESULTS

The average numbers of data submissions of each applicant for death damage were 3.0 medical use records. A total of 608 (43.0%) victims had more than one finding of acute, subacute, or chronic interstitial lung diseases. The average daily and cumulative use times of the victims were 14.40 and 24,645.81 hours, respectively, indicating greater exposure in this group than in the survivors. The humidifier disinfectants’ components comprised polyhexamethylene guanidine (72.8%), chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (10.5%), other components (15.0%), and oligo-[2-(2-ethoxy)-ethoxyethyl] guanidine chloride (1.5%). The components’ distribution was 67.8% for single-component use, which was higher than that in the survivors (59.8%). The distribution of the causes of death were: respiratory diseases (54.4%), neoplasms (16.8%), and circulatory diseases (6.3%). Other interstitial lung diseases (65.5%) were the most common cause of death among those who died due to respiratory diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

Careful discussions of appropriate remedies should be conducted based on a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the deceased victims, considering their specificities and limitations.

Summary

Korean summary
가습기 살균제 사망 피해 신청자 들 중 건강피해를 인정받지 못한 신청자들이 여전히 많이 남아있으며 (약 40%), 피해판정의 복잡성과 다양한 이슈들이 산적해 있어 사망 피해 신청자들의 적정 구제를 위해 종합적인 특성파악을 바탕으로 세심한 관점에서의 검토가 필요하다. 특히, 가습기 살균제 사망 피해 신청자의 특수성과 피해구제의 제한점을 고려하여야 하며, 기계적인 건강피해 판정을 지양하고 사망 피해 신청자 중심의 세밀한 특성 파악을 바탕으로 다양한 전문가집단이 참여하는 종합적인 논의를 통해 적정구제를 이루어 나가야 함을 제안한다.

Key Message
Careful discussions of appropriate remedies should be conducted based on a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the deceased victims, considering their specificities and limitations.

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Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Enhanced Procoagulant Activity through Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Phosphatidylserine Exposure in Platelets
Ju Hee Choi, Keunyoung Kim
Toxics.2024; 12(1): 50. CrossRef
Gene expression related to lung cancer altered by PHMG-p treatment in PBTE cells
Yoon Hee Park, Sang Hoon Jeong, Hyejin Lee, Cherry Kim, Yoon Jeong Nam, Ja Young Kang, Jin Young Choi, Yu-Seon Lee, Su A. Park, Jaeyoung Kim, Eun-Kee Park, Yong-Wook Baek, Hong Lee, Ju-Han Lee
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology.2023; 19(1): 205. CrossRef
Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration
Ji-Hun Song, Joonho Ahn, Min Young Park, Jaeyoung Park, Yu Min Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Jung-Wan Koo, Jongin Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Systematic Review

Quality of biosafety guidelines for dental clinical practice throughout the world in the early COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review: Renata Cristina Soares, Juliana Schaia Rocha, Saulo Vinicius da Rosa, Jéssica Rodrigues da Silva Noll Gonçalves, Priscilla Lesly Perlas Condori, Ana Elisa Ribeiro, Samuel Jorge Moysés, Márcia Helena Baldani; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021089. Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021089

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To conduct a systematic review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related biosafety guidelines for dental clinical practice in the early stage of the pandemic, focusing on quality assessment.

METHODS

Electronic (via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, and Cochrane Library) and gray literature searches were performed for documents published up to May 12, 2020. Guidelines updated until April 17, 2021 were identified. Documents were included as guidelines if they (1) consisted of a set of statements, directions, or principles presenting current or future rules or policy; (2) were developed by government agencies, institutions, organizations, or expert panels; and (3) were related to the general conduct of healthcare activities rather a particular condition. Two researchers, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II, independently extracted the recommendations and evaluated the quality of the guidelines.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven documents from 19 countries were included in the review. These documents presented 122 recommendations related to (1) professional biosafety; (2) patients’/companions’ safety; (3) the organization and biosafety of the physical dental facility environment; and (4) the work process in dental care. Overall, the scientific quality of the guidelines was considered low. Some recommendations presented in these guidelines would require further research to establish their effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

We found a wide variety of biosafety guidelines for dental practice regarding COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic, but their quality was low. Biosafety recommendations should be frequently updated.

Summary

Key Message
Despite the wide variety of biosafety guidelines for dental practice regarding COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic, their quality was low. These findings demonstrate the need for more guidelines for dental practice with more high-quality evidence, focusing on clarification of the strictness of development, financing, conflicts of interest, and applicability. Guidelines with high scientific quality are essential for the formation of a robust scientific consensus facilitating the ability to offer safer and more reliable procedures in the pandemic context.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Practices in El Salvador and Mexico: A Comprehensive Survey Analysis
Nuria Patiño-Marín, Wendy Yesenia Escobar de González, Katleen Argentina Aguirre de Rodríguez, Miguel Angel Casillas Santana, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, Guillermo Alfonso Aguirre Escobar, Gabriel Alejandro Martínez-Castañón, Marco Salas
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Correspondence

Letter to the Editor: Financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: Hyuncheol Bryant Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021088. Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021088

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Abstract

Summary

Citations

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Unravelling COVID-19 vaccination attributes worldwide: an extensive review regarding uptake, hesitancy, and future implication
Hossam T. Ali, Yara Ashour, Mohammed A. Rais, Mostafa Barakat, Tasnim A. Rezeq, Mohamed M. Sharkawy, Mina Lapic, Ziad A. Soliman, Ahmed Abdullah, Abdulrahman Allahham, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Samar A. Amer, Ranjana Rohilla, Aroop Mohanty, Ranjit Sah
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Sangkwon Kim, Youngjin Hwang, Chaeyoung Lee, Soobin Kwak, Junseok Kim
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Giulio Grossi
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Systematic Review

The effect of peer support in diabetes self-management education on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Akhmad Azmiardi, Bhisma Murti, Ratih Puspita Febrinasari, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021090. Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021090

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs are a strategy to maintain healthy behaviors. Nevertheless, limited evidence has been reported from systematic evaluations of the effects of DSME integrated with peer support on glycemic control. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of DSME interventions integrated with peer support on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

A systematic search was carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar, for English-language articles published from 2005 until 2020. The effect size was estimated as the standard mean difference (SMD). The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool was employed to assess the risk of bias.

RESULTS

Twelve studies were included in this study. DSME integrated with peer support effectively reduced glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, with a statistically significant effect (SMD, -0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.69 to -0.13; p<0.001). Programs with a sample size <100 (SMD, -0.45; 95% CI, -0.79 to -0.11; p=0.009), duration of intervention ≤6 months (SMD, -0.52; 95% CI, -0.96 to -0.07; p=0.020), baseline HbA1c <8.5% (SMD, -0.42; 95% CI, -0.77 to -0.07; p=0.020), delivery by group (SMD, -0.28; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.06; p=0.010), and high frequency of contact (SMD, -0.29; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.10; p=0.003) had statistically significant effects on reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

DSME integrated with peer support effectively enhances glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Programs with smaller participants groups, shorter interventions, weekly meetings, and closer group sessions improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Summary

Key Message
We reviewed and assessed the quality of the twelve articles included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings of this review show that peer support integrated with diabetes self-management education programs can significantly enhance glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Peer support is a critical component of a successful diabetes self-management programme in patients with type 2 diabetes. interventions programme with smaller groups, shorter durations, lower HbA1c baseline levels, group sessions, and high frequencies of sessions significantly enhanced glycemic control.

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Mark E. Kunik, Tracy L. Evans, Israel C. Christie, Gala True, Andrea Bradford, Madhuri M. Vasudevan, Natalie E. Hundt
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A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a community leader-driven kit-based diabetes self-management education approach in improving diabetes control and care: study protocol for the DElhi Diabetes INTervention Trial (DED
Jitender Nagpal, Swapnil Rawat, Lovely Gupta, Avantika Negi, Divya Shashi Oraon
Trials.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Family doctors’ attitudes toward peer support programs for type 2 diabetes and/or coronary artery disease: an exploratory survey among German practitioners
K. Majjouti, L. Küppers, A. Thielmann, M. Redaélli, F. Vitinius, C. Funke, I. van der Arend, L. Pilic, M. Hessbrügge, S. Stock, B. Weltermann, D. Wild
BMC Primary Care.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
From clinic to community: A randomized controlled trial of a peer support model for adults with type 2 diabetes from specialty care settings in British Columbia
Tricia S. Tang, Rowshanak Afshar, Thomas Elliott, Jason Kong, Sabrina Gill
Diabetic Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Correspondence

Letter to the Editor: Enhancing COVID-19 vaccination coverage using financial incentives: arguments to help health providers counterbalance erroneous claims: Yong-jun Choi; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021087. Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021087

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Abstract

Summary

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Authors’ Reply: Vaccination, payment, and COVID-19
Jelena Dotlic, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Paul Cummins, Marija Milic, Tatjana Gazibara
Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021100. CrossRef

Original Articles

The BRAIN-Q, a tool for assessing self-reported sport-related concussions for epidemiological studies: Laura James, Madeline Davies, Saba Mian, Giulia Seghezzo, Elizabeth Williamson, Simon Kemp, Nigel Arden, Damien McElvenny, Neil Pearce, Valentina Gallo; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021086. Published online October 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021086

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The BRAIN-Q is a tool aimed at maximising the accuracy and minimising measurement error for retrospectively assessing concussions. This paper reports the agreement of the BRAIN-Q tool when compared to extant questionnaire questions, and its reproducibility when compared with its telephonic version (tBRAIN-Q).

METHODS

The BRAIN-Q entails a 3-stage process: defining a concussion, creating a visual timeline with life events, and establishing detailed characteristics for each reported concussion. It was designed to be administered in-person by trained personnel, and was used in the BRAIN study. Its performance was compared with the MSK study, which previously collected a few questions in a broader self-administered questionnaire, and with the tBRAIN-Q Recall, its telephonic version.

RESULTS

In total, 101 participants were included, of whom 9 were re-assessed with the tBRAIN-Q. The agreement of the BRAIN-Q with the muscle skeletal-questionnaire for rugby-related concussion was 86.7% (κ=0.6). Rugby-related concussion with loss of consciousness showed lower agreement (82.0%; κ=0.6). The comparison between the BRAIN-Q and the tBRAIN-Q showed good reproducibility.

CONCLUSIONS

The BRAIN-Q is a relatively easy tool to administer in face-to-face assessments, and it showed optimal reproducibility. It includes a well-established definition of concussion, and is used to collect detailed information on each concussion, allowing for a number of subgroup analyses (e.g., by severity, age, or context). The BRAIN-Q is easily adaptable to other sporting settings.

Summary

Key Message
The BRAIN-Q is a new tool for assessing self-reported sport-related concussion in epidemiological studies. It is relatively easy to administer, it showed optimal reproducibility, and can be used by phone.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Exposure assessment for repeated sub-concussive head impacts in soccer: The HEalth and Ageing Data IN the Game of football (HEADING) study
Ioannis Basinas, Damien M. McElvenny, Finley Brooker, Steven Robertson, Yvonne van Hoecke, Simon Kemp, Neil Pearce, Valentina Gallo, John W. Cherrie
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2023; 253: 114235. CrossRef
Prior exposure to concussions in patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
Mónica Roig-Uribe, Mònica Serradell, Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi, Carles Gaig, Alex Iranzo
Sleep Medicine.2023; 110: 254. CrossRef
eHealth tools to assess the neurological function for research, in absence of the neurologist – a systematic review, part I (software)
Vasco Ribeiro Ferreira, Esther Metting, Joshua Schauble, Hamed Seddighi, Lise Beumeler, Valentina Gallo
Journal of Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Concussion and long‐term cognitive function among rugby players—The BRAIN Study
Valentina Gallo, Damien M. McElvenny, Giulia Seghezzo, Simon Kemp, Elizabeth Williamson, Kirsty Lu, Saba Mian, Laura James, Catherine Hobbs, Donna Davoren, Nigel Arden, Madeline Davies, Andrea Malaspina, Michael Loosemore, Keith Stokes, Matthew Cross, Seb
Alzheimer's & Dementia.2022; 18(6): 1164. CrossRef

The effects of information-seeking behaviours on prevention behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating effects of anxiety and fear in Korea: Kwanghyun Kim, Jisu Yang, Ye Jin Jeon, Yu Jin Lee, Youngrong Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Karestan Koenen, Yong-Chan Kim, Sun Jae Jung; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021085. Published online October 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021085

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Identifying determinants of prevention behaviours during the emergence of a new infectious disease is important. We investigated the associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mediating effects of psychiatric factors.

METHODS

In total, 1,970 participants from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Etiology Research Center cohort participated in an online survey 55 days after the first COVID-19 case in Korea was diagnosed. Time spent seeking information related to COVID-19; information sources; psychiatric factors, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and the fear of COVID-19; and prevention behaviours were examined. The mediating effect of psychiatric factors was estimated using mediation analysis.

RESULTS

Time spent seeking information and information sources affected several behavioural responses. In men, anxiety mediated associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours, including purchasing sanitary supplies (effect size [ES], 0.038; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002 to 0.095) and hoarding (ES, 0.029; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.068). The fear of COVID-19 also mediated associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours including refraining from going out (men: ES, 0.034; 95% CI, 0.009 to 0.068; women: ES, 0.052; 95% CI, 0.030 to 0.080), wearing face masks (men: ES, 0.085; 95% CI, 0.031 to 0.184), avoiding public transportation (men: ES, 0.020; 95% CI, 0.000 to 0.044; women: ES, 0.031; 95% CI, 0.015 to 0.051), hoarding (women: ES, 0.051; 95% CI, 0.029 to 0.792), and trying alternative remedies (men: ES, 0.024; 95% CI, 0.004 to 0.053). Depressive symptoms and PTSS did not have any mediating effects.

CONCLUSIONS

While the availability of information related to COVID-19 can help prevent infections, it can also promote anxiety and fear, leading to negative behaviours such as hoarding and trying unverified alternative treatments.

Summary

Korean summary
-본 연구는 한국인에서 코로나-19 관련 정보탐색이 예방 행동과 상관관계가 있는지를 확인하고 불안, 공포, 우울을 비롯한 심리 상태가 이 상관관계를 매개하는 메커니즘으로 작용하는지를 확인하고자 하였다. - 본 코호트 연구에서 정보 탐색 시간이 길어질수록 예방 행동을 취하는 빈도가 증가하였으며 불안 및 코로나-19에 대한 공포가 이 둘 사이의 상관관계를 일부 매개하였다. - 정보탐색이 증가할수록 외출 자제, 마스크 착용, 대중교통 이용 자제와 같은 권장되는 예방 행동을 취할 가능성도 증가하였지만 사재기를 하거나 검증되지 않은 대체요법에 의지하는 등 권장되지 않는 예방 행동을 취할 가능성 또한 같이 증가하였다.

Key Message
In this study, we tried to test the association between information-seeking behavior and preventive measures during COVID-19 pandemic. We also tried to understand whether psychologic factors such as anxiety, fear against COVID-19 and depression mediate the association. We found that time used for searching COVID-19-related information is positively associated with preventive behaviors, and that anxiety and fear mediate the association. Information seeking increased the probability of utilizing recommended prevention strategy such as wearing facial masks and refraining from going out, but also promoted prevention behavior not recommended by government officials such as hoarding and trying alternative remedies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Protective behaviors against COVID-19 and their association with psychological factors in China and South Korea during the Omicron wave: a comparative study
J. Deng, M. Lee, C. Qin, Y. Lee, M. You, J. Liu
Public Health.2024; 229: 116. CrossRef
Coronavirus disease 2019 information-seeking behavior globally: a systematic review
Tadele Fentabil Anagaw, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie
SAGE Open Medicine.2023; 11: 205031212311535. CrossRef
“It Bothered Me”: The Mental Burden of COVID-19 Media Reports on Community-Dwelling Elderly People
Natasa Maksimovic, Tatjana Gazibara, Jelena Dotlic, Marija Milic, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Smiljana Cvjetkovic, Gordana Markovic
Medicina.2023; 59(11): 2011. CrossRef
Assessing Knowledge, Preventive Practices, and Depression Among Chinese International Students and Local Korean Students in South Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Cross-Sectional Study
Xiaoxu Jiang, Bo Zhao, Eun Woo Nam, Fanlei Kong
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of mental health status
Ye Zhao, Yang Yu, Ruofan Zhao, Yiming Cai, Shuai Gao, Ye Liu, Sheng Wang, Huifeng Zhang, Haiying Chen, Youdong Li, Haishui Shi
Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Fear of COVID-19 and Prevention Behaviors: Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
Katherine M Anderson, Jamila K Stockman
JMIR Formative Research.2022; 6(11): e35730. CrossRef

Prevalence and factors associated with non-use of health services in the Peruvian population with COVID-19 symptomatology: a secondary analysis of the 2020 National Household Survey: Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Fabriccio J. Visconti-Lopez, Diego Azañedo; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021084. Published online October 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021084

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of non-use of health services (NUHS) and its associated factors in Peruvians with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS

A secondary analysis of the 2020 National Household Survey (ENAHO) was carried out. Participants over 18 years of age with any COVID-19 symptom (fever, cough, sensation of shortness of breath) in the last 4 weeks who did not visit health services were defined as exhibiting NUHS. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated to determine the factors associated with NUHS.

RESULTS

Data from 1,856 participants were analyzed; the prevalence of NUHS was 52.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.0 to 56.5). Living in urban areas of the jungle (aPR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.98; p<0.001) and rural areas of the jungle (aPR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.90; p=0.002) was associated with a higher probability of NUHS than living in urban coastal areas. The factors associated with a lower probability of NUHS were being 50-59 years old (aPR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90) and 60 years and over (aPR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.95), having a secondary educational level (aPR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.93) or superior educational level (aPR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.92).

CONCLUSIONS

More than half of the participants with COVID-19 symptoms did not use health services, and NUHS was associated with the geographic and socio-demographic characteristics of the population. The formulation of health strategies and programs is required to increase the use of health services by people with COVID-19 symptoms.

Summary

Key Message
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of non-use of health services (NUHS) and its associated factors in Peruvians with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020. In the study, more than half of the participants with COVID-19 symptoms did not use health services, and NUHS was associated with the geographic and socio-demographic characteristics of the population. The formulation of health strategies and programs is required to increase the use of health services by people with COVID-19 symptoms, in the country with the highest mortality rate by this disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Staying in or out? COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance and associated socio-demographic factors in rural India
Michael Safo Oduro, Prince Peprah, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Williams Agyemang-Duah
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Chronic disease relapses: A cross-sectional study of the associated factors and socioeconomic inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru
Fabriccio J. Visconti-Lopez, Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Dustin M. Solorzano-Salazar, Diego Azañedo, Ramune Jacobsen
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(9): e0274697. CrossRef
COVID-19 and drivers of excess death rate in Peru: A longitudinal ecological study
Kim N. Cajachagua-Torres, Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo, Carlos A. Huayanay-Espinoza, Jordan A. Obeso-Manrique, Víctor A. Peña-Rodríguez, Elisa Vidal, Luis Huicho
Heliyon.2022; 8(12): e11948. CrossRef

COVID-19: Epidemiologic Investigation

Experience of a COVID-19 outbreak response in a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province, Korea: Chanhee Kim, Gawon Choi, Shin Young Park, Jieun Kim, Young Joon Park, Kyungnam Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021083. Published online October 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021083

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in general hospitals are particularly risky because they not only overburden the regional healthcare delivery system, but also increase the possibility of community transmission. This study shares an experience of a COVID-19 outbreak response in a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province, Korea.

METHODS

Since the first COVID-19 confirmed case was recognized in Hospital A on March 29, 2020, the Immediate Response Team of Gyeonggi Province and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency devised a plan to conduct an epidemiological investigation and minimize the paralysis of hospital functions. Apart from the epidemiological investigation, a risk assessment of the hospital and management of contacts, including patients and workers, were also undertaken.

RESULTS

In total, 72 confirmed cases were identified, including 26 hospitalized patients, 16 healthcare personnel, 7 visitors, and 22 cases identified externally. The majority of the confirmed cases were exposed in Ward B or were contacts of people exposed in Ward A (58.3% of 72 cases). Among healthcare personnel, caregivers were found to be the most vulnerable to COVID-19 in this outbreak.

CONCLUSIONS

Preparation for all possible situations in medical facilities is important because it is difficult to find alternative resources. The findings of this study provide information on controlling the further transmission of COVID-19 and furnish evidence of the importance of ordinary management skills to be prepared for COVID-19.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 2020년 경기도 소재 한 종합병원에서 발생한 코로나19 유행 대응 사례 경험을 공유한다. 병원 외 지역사회 전파 사례를 포함하여 총 72명의 확진자가 이 유행에서 확인되었다. 종합병원은 지역 의료전달체계에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있기 때문에 코로나19로 인해 그 기능이 마비되지 않도록 예방하는 것이 가장 바람직하며, 이를 위해서는 평상 시에 적절한 대비 체계를 갖추어 두어야 한다.

Key Message
This study shares the experience of responding to the COVID-19 outbreak at a general hospital in Gyeonggi-do, 2020. A total of 72 confirmed cases were identified, including cases of community based transmission outside the hospital. Since general hospitals play an important role in the medical delivery system, it is most desirable to prevent the function from being paralyzed by COVID-19 situation, and for this, and appropriate preparedness should be established.

Citations

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Vaccine effectiveness and the epidemiological characteristics of a COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary hospital in Republic of Korea
Seonhee Ahn, Tae Jong Son, Yoonsuk Jang, Jihyun Choi, Young Joon Park, Jiseon Seong, Hyun Hee Kwon, Muk Ju Kim, Donghyok Kwon
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(3): 188. CrossRef
Effect of changes in the hearing aid subsidy on the prevalence of hearing loss in South Korea
Chul Young Yoon, Junhun Lee, Tae Hoon Kong, Young Joon Seo
Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on pulmonary function impairment in Korea: the 2007-2017 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey: Soo Beom Choi, Sungha Yun, Sun-Ja Kim, Yong Bum Park, Kyungwon Oh; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021082. Published online October 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021082

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the association between pulmonary function and air pollution using 2007-2017 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional representative survey.

METHODS

A total of 27,378 participants that had sampling weights from a complex sample survey were included in this study. Using the data for forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity, the participants with pulmonary function impairment were classified according to the criteria of restrictive lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exposure to ambient air pollution was estimated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses with complex samples were used to determine the associations between pulmonary function and air pollution after adjusting for covariates.

RESULTS

In total, 13.2% of the participants aged >40 years had COPD, and 10.7% were classified as being in the restrictive lung disease group. According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the odds ratios for the fourth quartiles of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) with a 2-year lag period were 1.203 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036 to 1.396), 1.283 (95% CI, 1.101 to1.495), and 1.292 (95% CI, 1.110 to 1.504), respectively, using the restrictive lung disease group as an event after adjusting for covariates in the complex sample.

CONCLUSIONS

Long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, and CO was significantly associated with pulmonary function, especially restrictive lung disease.

Summary

Korean summary
대기오염이 폐기능에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 2007년부터 2017년까지 국민건강영양조사자료와 대기질 자료를 연계하여 참여자 27,378명의 대기오염 노출량을 추정하여 분석하였다. 나이, 성별, 거주지 동/읍면 구분, 교육수준, 소득수준, 흡연, 비만, 기온, 상대습도 변수들을 보정 후 PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3의 2년평균 노출량을 각각 로지스틱회귀모형으로 분석한 결과 PM₁₀, PM_2.5, CO 와 제한성 환기장애가 연관성을 보였다. 대기오염의 노출은 만성폐쇄성폐질환보다는 제한성 환기장애와 연관이 있었으며 제한성 환기장애는 사망원인과도 연관이 있었다.

Key Message
This study aimed to investigate the association between pulmonary function and air pollution using 2007-2017 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Long-term exposure to PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and CO was significantly associated with pulmonary function, especially restrictive lung disease. Although the COPD criteria do not include the restrictive lung disease group, restrictive lung disease needs to be controlled and managed based on its mortality risk. Reducing air pollution is also necessary to enhance pulmonary function.

Citations

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Airborne Exposure of the Cornea to PM10 Induces Oxidative Stress and Disrupts Nrf2 Mediated Anti-Oxidant Defenses
Mallika Somayajulu, Sharon A. McClellan, Robert Wright, Ahalya Pitchaikannu, Bridget Croniger, Kezhong Zhang, Linda D. Hazlett
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(4): 3911. CrossRef

Associations between grip strength and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis of data from the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Harim Choe, Hoyong Sung, Geon Hui Kim, On Lee, Hyo Youl Moon, Yeon Soo Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021080. Published online October 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021080

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Glycemic control is essential for preventing severe complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the association between grip strength and glycemic control in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2,498 participants aged over 19 years that patients with diabetes mellitus who did not have a history of cardiovascular disease or cancer were selected for analysis. Grip strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer and was represented as age-specific and sex-specific tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of glycemic control according to the grip strength tertiles.

RESULTS

A significantly lower probability (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.97) for glycemic control was found in the lowest tertile of grip strength compared to the highest tertile. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis by sex only found significant associations between grip strength and glycemic control in males.

CONCLUSIONS

Lower grip strength was associated with poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus, especially in males. However, further studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship between grip strength and glycemic control.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2014-2019년도 국민건강영양조사의 자료를 활용하여 당뇨병 유병자의 악력과 혈당 조절률 간의 연관성을 확인하였다. 당뇨병 유병자의 악력이 낮을수록 혈당 조절과의 연관성이 낮아졌으며, 이러한 연관성은 특히 남성에게 유의하게 나타났다.

Key Message
Grip strength is an inexpensive and straightforward method for measuring upper extremities strength and could represent the overall strength. After adjusting for confounders, lower grip strength with diabetic patients was associated with poor glycemic control. Specifically, this association was more prominent in Korean male.

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Handgrip strength and upper limb functional performance measures in people over 18 years old: Analysis of relationships and influencing factors
Julio Ernesto Pérez-Parra, Claudia Patricia Henao-Lema, Anyi Vanesa Arcos-Rodríguez, Natalia López-Ocampo, Carolina Castaño-García, Olga Patricia Pérez-Gamboa
Journal of Hand Therapy.2024; 37(1): 101. CrossRef
Physio-cognitive decline syndrome among middle-aged diabetes patients: Handgrip strength significantly correlates with glycaemic control and cognitive score
Purwita Wijaya Laksmi, Dyah Purnamasari, Naldo Sofian, Nina Kemala Sari, Mohammad Kurniawan, Lugyanti Sukrisman, Dicky Levenus Tahapary, Noto Dwimartutie, Ikhwan Rinaldi
Heliyon.2024; 10(2): e24018. CrossRef
Low relative hand grip strength is associated with a higher risk for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among the Korean population
Min Jin Lee, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi, Yang Ho Kang, Giacomo Pucci
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(10): e0275746. CrossRef
Frailty and risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study
Yuanjue Wu, Ting Xiong, Xiao Tan, Liangkai Chen
BMC Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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