Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Impact of water fluoridation on dental caries decline across racial and income subgroups of Brazilian adolescents: Rafael Aiello Bomfim, Paulo Frazão; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022007. Published online January 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022007

6,713 View
414 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of community water fluoridation (CWF) on differences in dental caries decline across racial and socioeconomic subgroups of Brazilian adolescents.
METHODS
Two nationwide Brazilian population-based oral health surveys were used (Brazilian Oral Health Survey 2003 and 2010). In total, 7,198 adolescents from 15 years to 19 years old living in 50 cities investigated in both surveys were included. The mean numbers of untreated decayed teeth (DT) according to racial (Whites vs. Browns/Blacks) and socioeconomic subgroups (at or above the minimum wage per capita vs. under) were analysed. Difference-in-differences negative binomial regressions were adjusted by schooling, age, and sex. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth and DT prevalence, calculated as a categorical variable, were used in sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
The adjusted difference of reduction in DT was similar across socioeconomic subgroups (β=-0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.45 to 0.35) and favoured, but not to a significant degree, Whites (β=-0.34; 95% CI, -0.74 to 0.04) compared to Brown/Blacks in fluoridated areas. In non-fluoridated areas, significant differences were observed in the mean number of DT, favouring the higher socioeconomic subgroup (β=-0.26; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.01) and Whites (β=-0.40; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.11) in relation to their counterparts. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the findings.
CONCLUSIONS
The similar reduction in DT across income subgroups suggests that CWF has had a beneficial effect on tackling income inequalities in dental caries within a 7-year timeframe.; Summary

Key Message
Community Water Fluoridation tackled income and racial inequalities in dental caries in adolescents aged 15-19 years between 2003 and 2010 in Brazil.

Evidence of the importance of contact tracing in fighting COVID-19: Okyu Kwon; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022006. Published online January 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022006

7,690 View
503 Download
1 Citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We analyzed data to determine whether there are distinguishing characteristics depending on the success or failure of control for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by country in the trend of the daily number of confirmed cases and the number of tests.

METHODS

We obtained the number of confirmed cases and tests per day for almost every country in the world from Our World in Data. The Pearson correlation between the two time series was calculated according to the time delay to analyze the relationship between the number of tests and the number of cases with a lag.

RESULTS

For each country, we obtained the time lag that makes the maximum correlation between the number of confirmed cases and the number of tests for COVID-19. It can be seen that countries whose time lag making maximum correlation lies in a special section between about 15 days and 20 days are generally been successful in controlling COVID-19. That section looks like a trench on the battlefield.

CONCLUSIONS

We have seen the possibility that the success in mitigating COVID-19 can be expressed as a simple indicator of the time lag of the correlation between confirmed cases and tests. This time lag indicator is presumably reflected by efforts to actively trace the infected persons.

Summary

Korean summary
일일 신규 확진자 수와 검사자 수 시계열의 상관관계에서의 시간지연 값은 방역의 성공을 평가할 수 있는 지표가 될 수 있음을 여러 국가의 실제 데이터로부터 확인할 수 있었다. 이 시간 지연은 역학 조사에 따른 감염자 발굴의 노력의 결과로 이해할 수 있을 것이다.

Key Message
It was confirmed from actual data from several countries that the time delay value in the correlation between the number of daily new confirmed cases and the number of tests can be an indicator to evaluate the success of quarantine. This time delay can be understood as a result of efforts to discover infected persons according to epidemiological investigations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Global transmission of COVID-19 — A gravity model approach
Hyungsoo Woo, Okyu Kwon, Jae-Suk Yang
International Journal of Modern Physics C.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Association of participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 with mental disorders and suicidal behaviour: Martta Kerkelä, Mika Gissler, Juha Veijola; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022005. Published online January 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022005

7,898 View
418 Download
2 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In prospective follow-up studies, participants are normally contacted during the follow-up period. Even though the idea is not to intervene, the studies conducted during follow-up may affect the target population. Our hypotheses were that participation in the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study (NFBC 1986) increased the use of mental health services and reduced suicidal behaviour due to participation in follow-up studies.

METHODS

The NFBC 1986 study covered people with an expected date of birth between July 1985 and June 1986 in northern Finland (n=9,396). The participants of the NFBC 1986 were followed since the antenatal period with follow-ups including clinical examinations. The comparison cohort comprised people born in the same area in 1987 (n=8,959), who were not contacted. Registry data on psychiatric treatment, suicide attempts, and suicides were available. Crude risk ratios (RRs) and adjusted (for marital status and education) Mantel-Haenszel RRs were reported.

RESULTS

No increase in mental disorders were found in NFBC 1986 compared to comparison cohort. In the crude RR analysis of female participants, a lower risk for suicide attempts was found (RR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.92; p=0.011).

CONCLUSIONS

The results did not support our first hypothesis regarding the increased use of mental health services in the NFBC 1986 cohort. However, our second hypothesis gained some support as female participants of the NFBC 1986 had a lower risk of suicide attempts, although it was not due to a higher number of participants receiving psychiatric treatment.

Summary

Key Message
Female members of the longitudinal Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study did have less psychiatric diagnosis in several diagnosis classes than comparison cohort, which may indicate that different follow-up studies conducted in the prospective birth cohort studies may affect to the study population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study and use of psychiatric care services
Martta Kerkelä, Mika Gissler, Tanja Nordström, Juha Veijola, Silva Ibrahimi
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(3): e0282714. CrossRef
Association between participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts and cardiometabolic disorders
Martta Kerkelä, Mika Gissler, Tanja Nordström, Olavi Ukkola, Juha Veijola
Annals of Medicine.2023; 55(1): 1123. CrossRef

Does having various types of fear related to COVID-19 disrupt individuals’ daily life?: Findings from a nationwide survey in Korea: Woorim Kim, Yeong Jun Ju, Soon Young Lee; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022004. Published online January 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022004

7,714 View
483 Download
3 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Unexpected changes in daily routines caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may affect psychological health. This study investigated the association between various types of COVID-19-related fear and the subjective level of disturbance in daily activities experienced by individuals.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used the Korea Community Health Survey conducted from August through November 2020. COVID-19-related fear included fear of infection, death, public criticism, family members getting infected, and economic loss. The subjective level of disruption in daily activities was measured using a 0-100 numeric rating scale developed by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the associations between the independent and dependent variables. A subgroup analysis was performed based on income level.

RESULTS

Participants who reported fear of infection (β=-3.37, p<0.001), death (β=-0.33, p=0.030), public criticism (β=-1.63, p<0.001), a family member getting infected (β=-1.03, p<0.001), and economic loss (β=-3.52, p<0.001) experienced more disturbances in daily activities. The magnitude of this association was most significant in the lowest-income group.

CONCLUSIONS

Individuals reporting COVID-19-related fear experienced higher levels of subjective disruption in daily activities.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 COVID-19 팬데믹과 관련된 심리적염려가 일상생활 활동에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 관찰하였다. COVID-19 감염으로 인한 감염, 사망, 대중의 비판, 가족 중 건강취약자의 감염, 경제적 손실에 대해 염려하는 사람은 그렇지 않은 사람에 비해 일상생활에 더 부정적인 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 특히 다양한 유형의 감염염려를 동시에 경험하고 있을수록 일상생활 지장 정도가 더 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었으며 소득수준이 낮을수록 부정적인 영향정도가 더 두드러졌다.

Key Message
Our results revealed that fear related to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased levels of subjective disruptions in daily activities. Compared to individuals without fear, those with fears of COVID-19 infection, dying from infection, public criticism, a family member getting infected, and economic loss reported higher levels of disruption in daily activities. Those who reported fear of COVID-19 infection and economic loss due to infection had particularly higher levels of disturbances. Considering the various types of fear concurrently, the level of disruption experienced tended to increase with the number of reported fears.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Is fear of COVID-19 higher in individuals residing in more deprived areas? A nationwide study
Woorim Kim, Soon Young Lee, Yeong Jun Ju
Journal of Public Health.2023; 45(2): 402. CrossRef
Association Between Changes in Family Life Due to COVID-19 and Depressive Mood and Stress Perception
Min-Su Kim, Mi Ah Han, Jong Park, So Yeon Ryu
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2023; 35(1): 14. CrossRef
Public perception of the appropriateness of COVID-19 management strategies and level of disturbances in daily activities: A focus on educational level
Yeong Jun Ju, Woorim Kim, Soon Young Lee, Jordi Gumà
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(6): e0287143. CrossRef

Age-specific effects of ozone on pneumonia in Korean children and adolescents: a nationwide time-series study: Kyoung-Nam Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Sanghyuk Bae, In Gyu Song, Soontae Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022002. Published online December 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022002

8,117 View
467 Download
1 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate the age-specific effects of 8-hour maximum ozone levels on pneumonia in children and adolescents.

METHODS

We performed quasi-Poisson regression analyses for individuals of 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years of age using nationwide time-series data from the Korea (2011-2015). We constructed distributed lag linear models employing a generalized difference-in-differences method and controlling for other air pollutants.

RESULTS

A 10.0-parts per billion increase in 8-hour maximum ozone levels was associated with a higher risk of hospital admissions due to pneumonia at 0-4 (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.03) and 5-9 years of age (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08), but not at 10-14 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04) or 15-19 years of age (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.06). The association between ozone and hospital admissions due to pneumonia was stronger in cool seasons (from November to April) than in warm seasons (from May to October), but was similar between boys and girls.

CONCLUSIONS

Short-term exposure to ozone was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia at 0-4 years and 5-9 years of age, but not at 10-14 years or 15-19 years of age. Our findings can help identify vulnerable periods, determine the target populations for public health interventions, and establish air pollution standards.

Summary

Korean summary
-어린이와 청소년에서 대기오염물질인 오존에 단기 노출되었을 때 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하는지를 건강보험공단 청구자료를 이용하여 구축한 시계열자료로 분석하였다. -0-4세, 5-9세 군에서는 오존 단기 노출 시 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하였으나 10-14세, 15-19세 군에서는 입원 위험 증가가 관찰되지 않았다.

Key Message
• The effects of ozone levels on hospital admissions for pneumonia were evaluated. • We used quasi-Poisson time-series models and a difference-in-differences method. • Ozone levels increased hospital admissions for pneumonia at ages 0–4 and 5–9 years. • Evidence for the effects of ozone levels on pneumonia was not found at older ages.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Intraday exposure to ambient ozone and emergency department visits among children: a case-crossover study in southern China
Jiahong Ren, Lifeng Zhu, Yachen Li, Haiyi Li, Qian Hu, Jian Zhu, Qingyan Zhang, Yunquan Zhang
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(30): 74853. CrossRef

Effects of early medication treatment and metformin use for cancer prevention in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study in Korea using extended landmark time analysis: Hwa Jeong Seo, Hyun Sook Oh; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021103. Published online December 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021103

5,531 View
172 Download
2 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the effectiveness of early medication treatment and metformin use for cancer prevention in type 2 diabetes patients.

METHODS

Population-based cohort data were used from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database (KNHIS-NSC) for 2002-2013. Patient-specific medication prescription status was defined by the landmark time (LMT; a fixed time after cohort entry), considering both pre- and post-LMT prescriptions to control methodological biases in observational research. The LMT was set to 2 years. Logistic regression analysis with multivariable adjustment was conducted to analyze cancer incidence by patient-specific medication prescription status.

RESULTS

Only 33.4% of the subjects were prescribed medication early (before the LMT) with compliance. Cancer incidence in individuals with early prescription and compliance was 25% lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.84) than in those without. As early-prescribed medications, metformin monotherapy and metformin combination therapy were associated with 34% (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.83) and 25% (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88) lower cancer risk than non-use, respectively. Patients who were prescribed late (post-LMT) but did not comply with the prescription had a 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.58) higher cancer incidence than non-users. Among patients who started monotherapy early without changes throughout the entire follow-up period, those who started on metformin had a 37% (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.99) lower risk of cancer than non-metformin users.

CONCLUSIONS

Doctors must prescribe antidiabetic medication early, and patient compliance is required, regardless of the prescription time, to prevent cancer. Metformin monotherapy or combination therapy is recommended as an early prescription.

Summary

Korean summary
당뇨 환자는 암 발병 위험이 높으며 암은 주요 사망 원인이다. 당뇨환자의 암발생 예방을 위한 관리로서, 당뇨병 진단 후 약물 치료 시기에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 또한, 전 세계적으로 가장 흔히 처방되는 당뇨병 치료제인 메트포민은 암 예방 효과가 있다고 알려져 왔으나 관측연구에서 발생하는 선택 편향의 문제가 제기되었고, 최근 일부 연구에서 기존의 암 예방 효과와 상충되는 결과가 나오고 있어 논쟁이 이어지고 있다. 본 연구는 선택 편향을 통제한 코호트 연구에서 조기 약물 치료와 메트포민 사용이 당뇨환자의 암 예방에 효과적임을 밝혔다. 따라서 의사들은 처음 당뇨 진단을 받은 환자에게 조기에 약물 처방을 하고, 환자들은 처방에 잘 따라야 한다. 조기 처방 약물로서 메트포민이 권장된다.

Key Message
Diabetic patients have a high risk of developing cancer, and cancer is the leading cause of death. There are few studies on the timing of medication treatment after diagnosis of diabetes. In addition, metformin, the most commonly prescribed diabetes treatment worldwide, is known to have cancer-preventive effects, but the problem of selection bias that occurs in observational studies has been raised, and some studies have recently been contradicting the existing cancer-preventing effects of metformin. This study, in a cohort study controlled for selection bias, demonstrated that early medication treatment and metformin use were effective in preventing cancer in diabetic patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Metformin and HER2-positive breast cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Sara S Bashraheel, Hadeel Kheraldine, Sarah Khalaf, Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2023; 162: 114676. CrossRef
Effects of millimeter-wave for preventing joint stiffness in the immobilized knee rat model
Xiao-ping Shui, Feng Ye, Chun-ying Li, Xin Zhang, Min-jia Wang, Bin Li, Ke Chen, Ying-ying Liao
The Knee.2023; 42: 236. CrossRef

Late eating, blood pressure control, and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults with hypertension: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2018: Jee-Seon Shim, Hyeon Chang Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021101. Published online November 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021101

6,129 View
140 Download
1 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Despite growing concerns regarding the timing of eating, little is known about the association between late eating and health. This study aimed to investigate whether late eating is associated with blood pressure (BP) control and cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults with hypertension.

METHODS

Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2018 were used. Adults with hypertension aged 30-79 years (n=13,361) were included in this study. Dietary intake and information on meal timing were assessed using 1-day 24-hour recall. Late eating was defined as after the median midpoint between the times of the first and the last eating episode during the recall day. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of late eating with BP control and cardiometabolic risk factors.

RESULTS

Among late eaters, there were more men than women. Compared to early eaters, late eaters were younger, had a higher body mass index (BMI) and unhealthier habits, and their overall dietary quality score was lower. A negative association between late eating and BP control was found in a univariate model (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.12), but this association disappeared after adjustment for confounders (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.12). Late eating was independently associated with higher BMI (p=0.03) and blood triglyceride concentration (p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results do not support a link between late eating and BP control among adults with hypertension, but suggest that late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Summary

Korean summary
식사시간이 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있지만, 이에 대한 근거는 많지 않다. 이 연구는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 고혈압이 있는 성인의 늦은 식사와 혈압 조절, 심장대사 위험인자의 연관성을 분석하였다. 늦은 식사와 혈압 조절의 독립적 연관성은 찾지 못했지만, 늦은 식사는 높은 체질량지수, 혈중 지질 농도와 연관성을 보여 식사 시간 조정이 고혈압 환자의 예후 개선을 위한 유용한 대책이 될 수 있으리라는 근거를 지지한다.

Key Message
This study investigated whether late eating is associated with blood pressure (BP) control and cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults with hypertension using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2018. We did not find an independent association between late eating and BP control among Korean adults with hypertension, but found that late eating was significantly associated with higher BMI and a higher blood concentration of triglycerides, independent of potential confounders. Our findings support the suggestion that a time-based dietary approach can be used as a useful strategy to improve the prognosis of adults with hypertension.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Relationship between omitting breakfast and late eating with obesity and metabolic disorders: a review focusing on chrononutrition
Gabriel da Silva Almeida, Manoela Oliveira De Souza, Leonardo Matthew Ribeiro Nunes Pereira
Journal Archives of Health.2023; 4(2): 466. CrossRef

Gender differences in under-reporting hiring discrimination in Korea: a machine learning approach: Jaehong Yoon, Ji-Hwan Kim, Yeonseung Chung, Jinsu Park, Glorian Sorensen, Seung-Sup Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021099. Published online November 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021099

5,729 View
176 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to examine gender differences in under-reporting hiring discrimination by building a prediction model for workers who responded “not applicable (NA)” to a question about hiring discrimination despite being eligible to answer.
METHODS
Using data from 3,576 wage workers in the seventh wave (2004) of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, we trained and tested 9 machine learning algorithms using “yes” or “no” responses regarding the lifetime experience of hiring discrimination. We then applied the best-performing model to estimate the prevalence of experiencing hiring discrimination among those who answered “NA.” Under-reporting of hiring discrimination was calculated by comparing the prevalence of hiring discrimination between the “yes” or “no” group and the “NA” group.
RESULTS
Based on the predictions from the random forest model, we found that 58.8% of the “NA” group were predicted to have experienced hiring discrimination, while 19.7% of the “yes” or “no” group reported hiring discrimination. Among the “NA” group, the predicted prevalence of hiring discrimination for men and women was 45.3% and 84.8%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This study introduces a methodological strategy for epidemiologic studies to address the under-reporting of discrimination by applying machine learning algorithms.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 한국노동패널조사(7차년도)에 포함된 3576명의 임금근로자의 자료를 이용해 성별에 따른 구직 과정 경험한 차별에 대한 과소보고의 규모를 확인하고자 하였다. 질문에 “예” 또는 “아니요”라고 응답한 임금근로자 3479명 데이터를 이용하여 고용 시 차별경험을 예측하는 머신러닝 모형을 구축하였고, 이를 활용해 이미 직장에서 일하고 있는 상태임에도 “해당사항 없음”이라고 응답한 임금근로자 97명이 차별을 경험했는지 여부를 예측하였다. 분석결과, “해당사항 없음”이라고 답한남성 근로자 64명 중 29명(45.3%), 여성 근로자 33명 중 28명(84.8%)가 실제로 차별을 경험한 것으로 추정되었다.

Key Message
We examined gender differences in under-reporting hiring discrimination for wage workers who responded “not applicable(NA)” to a question about hiring discrimination despite being eligible to answer “yes” or “no.” Using data from 3,576 wage workers of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, we estimated the prevalence of hiring discrimination among those who answered “NA,” based on the best-performing machine learning prediction model for “yes” or “no” group. Among the “NA” group, the predicted prevalence of hiring discrimination for men and women was 45.3% and 84.8%, respectively.

Spatiotemporal trends in diabetes-related mortality by school district in the state of Michigan, United States: Nurjannah Nurjannah, Kathleen M. Baker, Duduzile Phindi Mashinini; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021098. Published online November 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021098

6,270 View
105 Download
1 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the spatiotemporal epidemiological status of diabetes-related death in relation to school district boundaries in the state of Michigan, United States.

METHODS

A retrospective observational study was conducted using death records spanning the years 2007-2014 in Michigan, with school districts as the geographic unit of analysis. Geocoding was performed for each death record. Cluster analysis used spatial autocorrelation with local Moran’s I, and spatiotemporal analysis used the Space Time Pattern Mining tool in ArcGIS Pro 2.1.

RESULTS

The study revealed spatial clusters of high-high locations of diabetes-related mortality rate by school district in Michigan from 2007 to 2014. Spatiotemporal analysis showed grids with intensifying, consecutive, sporadic, and persistent hotspots of diabetes-related death in the Lansing, Royal Oak, Flint City, Berkley, Detroit City, East Lansing, South Lake, and Holt public school districts. These school districts should be prioritized for school-based diabetes prevention programs

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrated the presence of various hotspots of diabetes-related deaths within the state of Michigan across the 8-year period of analysis. Understanding spatial and temporal hotspots could further improve our ability to evaluate diabetes burden across both time and space.

Summary

Key Message
Using existing secondary data with spatio-temporal analysis, the study identified diabetes-related death varies across space and time within the state of Michigan, USA at the school district level. This approach provided policy-relevant information to target high-risk school-district when having limited resources to prevent diabetes at schools.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Spatiotemporal analyses of the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus
Sang Youl Rhee
Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021102. CrossRef

Real-world incidence of endopthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in Korea: findings from the Common Data Model in ophthalmology: Yongseok Mun, Seng Chan You, Da Yun Lee, Seok Kim, Yoo-Ri Chung, Kihwang Lee, Ji Hun Song, Young Gun Park, Young Hoon Park, Young-Jung Roh, Se Joon Woo, Kyu Hyung Park, Rae Woong Park, Sooyoung Yoo, Dong-Jin Chang, Sang Jun Park; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021097. Published online November 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021097

6,088 View
225 Download
5 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections using data from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM).

METHODS

Patients with endophthalmitis that developed within 6 weeks after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were identified in 3 large OMOP CDM databases.

RESULTS

We identified 23,490 patients who received 128,123 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. The incidence rates of endophthalmitis were 15.75 per 10,000 patients and 2.97 per 10,000 injections. The incidence rates of endophthalmitis for bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept (per 10,000 injections) were 3.64, 1.39, and 0.76, respectively. The annual incidence has remained below 5.00 per 10,000 injections since 2011 despite the increasing number of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Bevacizumab presented a higher incidence rate for endophthalmitis than ranibizumab and aflibercept (incidence rate ratio, 3.17; p=0.021).

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections has stabilized since 2011 despite the explosive increase in anti-VEGF injections. The off-label use of bevacizumab accounted for its disproportionately high incidence of endophthalmitis. The OMOP CDM, which includes off-label uses, laboratory data, and a scalable standardized database, could provide a novel strategy to reveal real-world evidence, especially in ophthalmology.

Summary

Korean summary
- 공통데이터모델 (Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model, OMOP CDM)을 통해 유리체강내 항혈관내피성장인자 주입술 후 발생한 안내염의 실세계 발생률 (Real-world incidence)은 1만명 당 15.75명, 주사 1만회 당 2.97회였음을 알 수 있었다. - 베바시주맙에서 다른 항혈관내피성장인자에 비해 유리체강내 주사 후 안내염 발생 비율이 높았으며, 이는 약제의 분주로 인한 오염과 관련이 있을 것이다. - 공통데이터모델은 건강보험 청구자료가 포함하지 않는 유리체강내 베바시주맙 사용과 같은 오프라벨 의약품 사용 자료까지 포함하기 때문에, 유리체강내 항혈관내피성장인자 주입 후 발생한 안내염의 인구기반 발생률 추정을 가능케 했다.

Key Message
- The real-world incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections was 15.75 per 10,000 patients and 2.97 per 10,000 injections based on data from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). - Patients treated with bevacizumab showed a significantly higher incidence rate of post-injection endophthalmitis, which might have resulted from contamination related to the division of bevacizumab. - OMOP CDM provides insights into the population-based incidence rate of endophthalmitis since it covers off-label prescriptions including intravitreal bevacizumab, which the national claims database does not cover.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Real-World Treatment Intensity and Patterns in Patients With Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization: Common Data Model in Ophthalmology
Manh-Hung Bui, Da Yun Lee, Sang Jun Park, Kyu Hyung Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Injection Interval Shortening in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration with Limited Response to Bimonthly Aflibercept
Min Chul Kim, Jae Hui Kim
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.2023; 64(8): 700. CrossRef
Real-world treatment intensities and pathways of macular edema following retinal vein occlusion in Korea from Common Data Model in ophthalmology
Yongseok Mun, ChulHyoung Park, Da Yun Lee, Tong Min Kim, Ki Won Jin, Seok Kim, Yoo-Ri Chung, Kihwang Lee, Ji Hun Song, Young-Jung Roh, Donghyun Jee, Jin-Woo Kwon, Se Joon Woo, Kyu Hyung Park, Rae Woong Park, Sooyoung Yoo, Dong-Jin Chang, Sang Jun Park
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Blueprint for harmonising unstandardised disease registries to allow federated data analysis: prepare for the future
Johannes A. Kroes, Aruna T. Bansal, Emmanuelle Berret, Nils Christian, Andreas Kremer, Anna Alloni, Matteo Gabetta, Chris Marshall, Scott Wagers, Ratko Djukanovic, Celeste Porsbjerg, Dominique Hamerlijnck, Olivia Fulton, Anneke ten Brinke, Elisabeth H. Be
ERJ Open Research.2022; 8(4): 00168-2022. CrossRef
Towards effective data sharing in ophthalmology: data standardization and data privacy
William Halfpenny, Sally L. Baxter
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology.2022; 33(5): 418. CrossRef

Joint association of aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening activities with metabolic syndrome : the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2015: Jungjun Lim, Soyoung Park, Joon-Sik Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021096. Published online November 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021096

6,431 View
140 Download
4 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to examine whether simultaneously meeting the combined guidelines of accelerometer-assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and self-reported muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) was associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than meeting neither or 1 of the guidelines among the Koreans.

METHODS

This cross-sectional analysis included 1,355 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2015). Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations across groups of MVPA-MSA guideline adherence (meeting neither [reference]; meeting MVPA only; meeting MSA only; meeting both MVPS and MSA) with MetS components (abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], hypertension, and hyperglycemia). The odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for covariates (e.g., sex, age, body mass index, and accelerometer wearing time).

RESULTS

MSA only significantly reduced the OR for abdominal obesity (OR, 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.91). Meeting both MVPA and MSA reduced the OR for hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.88) and low HDL-C (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.68). Compared to meeting neither, MVPA only (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.89) and both MVPA and MSA (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.76) significantly reduced the OR for MetS.

CONCLUSIONS

Combined MVPA-MSA was more beneficially associated with MetS prevalence than MVPA only and MSA only. Considering that more than 85% of Korean adults do not meet both the MVPA and MSA guidelines, public health actions to promote adherence should be supported.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2014-2015 국민건강영양조사 자료의 가속도계 자료와 신체활동 설문지를 활용하여 한국 성인의 유산소 신체활동과 근력강화운동 지침 충족 여부에 따른 대사증후군의 오즈비를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 유산소 신체활동과 근력강화운동 지침을 모두 충족한 한국 성인은 둘 중 하나의 지침만을 충족하거나, 모두 충족하지 않는 성인에 비해 더 낮은 오즈비를 나타내었다.

Key Message
In this study, the 2014-2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was confirmed according to the guidelines for aerobic physical activities and muscle-strengthening activities were met in Korean adults. As a result, Korean adults who met both the guidelines for aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening activities showed a lower odds ratio than adults who met only one of the guidelines or did not meet both guidelines.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students
Yining Lu, Huw D. Wiltshire, Julien Steven Baker, Qiaojun Wang, Shanshan Ying
Frontiers in Physiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Aerobic and Muscle-strengthening Activities with AIP in Korean Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019
Jungjun Lim, Yang Hei, Yeonsoo Kim
Journal of Korean Association of Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women.2022; 36(3): 245. CrossRef
Current status of health promotion in Korea
Soo Young Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776. CrossRef
Aerobic or Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity: Which Is Better for Health?
Angelique G. Brellenthin, Jason A. Bennie, Duck-chul Lee
Current Sports Medicine Reports.2022; 21(8): 272. CrossRef

Misconceptions and stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey: Desi Suantari; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021094. Published online November 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021094

5,774 View
126 Download
3 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Data are not available in Indonesia to measure the main indicators of zero new infections, zero acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths and zero discrimination. This study aimed to determine factors related to misconceptions about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and the stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Indonesia

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample was women and men aged 17-45 years and married (n=3,023).

RESULTS

Education and wealth index quintile were significantly related to misconceptions about HIV transmission. Respondents with low levels of education were more likely to have misconceptions about HIV transmission. Respondents who were in the poorest, poorer, middle, and richer quintiles of the wealth index were more likely to have misconceptions about HIV transmission than those in the richest quintile. Educational level, employment status, and wealth index quintile were predictors of stigma against PLWHA.

CONCLUSIONS

There are still many Indonesian people with misconceptions about HIV transmission and stigma against PLWHA. Future studies should focus on educational programs or interventions aimed at increasing public knowledge and awareness, promoting compassion towards PLWHA, and emphasizing respect for the rights of PLWHA. These interventions are particularly important for populations who are uneducated and living in poverty.

Summary

Key Message
Many Indonesians still experience misconceptions about HIV transmission and stigmatize PLWHA. Educational programs or interventions are needed to increase public knowledge and awareness, promoting compassion towards PLWHA, and emphasizing respect for the rights of PLWHA, particularly among the poor and uneducated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among general adult population: the results from the 6th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES VI)
Sineenart Chautrakarn, Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Aksara Thongprachum, Jukkrit Wungrath, Suwat Chariyalertsak, Scott Stonington, Surasak Taneepanichskul, Sawitri Assanangkornchai, Pattapong Kessomboon, Nareemarn Neelapaichit, Wichai Aekpl
Journal of Global Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factor Associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among males: Findings from 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey
Jamal Abdul Nasir, Muhammad Danish Khan, Syed Arif Ahmed Zaidi
Journal of Biosocial Science.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its determinants in India: Findings from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019– 2021)
Mansi Malik, Siaa Girotra, Debolina Roy, Saurav Basu
Population Medicine.2023; 5(May): 1. CrossRef

Effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer: evidence from Korean National Health Insurance Database Cohort: Kwanghyun Kim, Chang Woo Kim, Aesun Shin, Hyunseok Kang, Sun Jae Jung; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021093. Published online November 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021093

6,074 View
162 Download
4 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the risk of chemotherapy-related and radiotherapy-related cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients.

METHODS

Medical use data of colorectal cancer patients were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Database from 2004 to 2018. We randomly selected 40% of all colorectal cancer patients (n=148,848). Cognitive impairment was defined as having 1 or more International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision diagnostic codes for dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Patients aged 18 years or younger, patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment before colorectal cancer diagnosis (n=8,225), and patients who did not receive primary resection (n=45,320) were excluded. The effects of individual chemotherapy regimens on cognitive impairment were estimated. We additionally estimated the effect of radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Time-dependent competing risk Cox regression was conducted to estimate the overall and age-specific hazard ratios (HR) separately for colon and rectal cancer. Landmark analyses with different lag times were conducted as sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS

Chemotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients (colon cancer: HR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.03; rectal cancer: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.04), while radiotherapy was negatively associated with cognitive impairment in rectal cancer patients (HR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99). Varying directions of the associations between regimens and cognitive impairment were detected. The adverse effect of certain chemotherapy regimens on cognition was more prominent in older adults.

CONCLUSIONS

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Older patients with low cognitive reserve could be affected by the adverse cognitive effects of chemotherapy.

Summary

Korean summary
- 대장암 환자를 대상으로 한 항암화학요법 및 방사선요법은 인지기능저하의 위험을 높이지 않았다 - 일부 항암화학요법의 경우 고령의 대장암 환자에서 인지기능저하의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있다

Key Message
Results from nationwide cohort of Korea showed that chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Predictors of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis
Jing Xu, Yuelan Yang, Die Hu
PeerJ.2023; 11: e15405. CrossRef
Soluble HSPG and HS relaying neuroinflammation contribute to behavioral comorbidities associated with cancer located outside the central nervous system
Yue-peng Liu, Yan-jun Yang
Medical Hypotheses.2023; 177: 111113. CrossRef
Chemotherapy-induced functional brain abnormality in colorectal cancer patients: a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Siwen Liu, Yesong Guo, Jie Ni, Na Yin, Chenchen Li, Xuan Pan, Rong Ma, Jianzhong Wu, Shengwei Li, Xiaoyou Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between multimorbidity status and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 245,483 participants
He-Ying Hu, Ya-Ru Zhang, Qiaolifan Aerqin, Ya-Nan Ou, Zuo-Teng Wang, Wei Cheng, Jian-Feng Feng, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Translational Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Association between early antenatal care and antenatal care contacts across low-and middle-income countries: effect modification by place of residence: Paschal Awingura Apanga, Maxwell Tii Kumbeni; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021092. Published online November 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021092

5,454 View
137 Download
2 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The relationship between receiving early antenatal care (ANC) and 8 or more antenatal contacts (ANC8+) has not been well characterised across low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is also unclear whether the association between early ANC and ANC8+ is modified by a woman’s place of residence. Our primary aim was to assess the relationship between early ANC and ANC8+ and to investigate whether this relationship was modified by place of residence. We also estimated the coverage of ANC8+ across LMICs.

METHODS

We analysed data on 207,388 mothers with a recent live birth using multiple indicator cluster surveys conducted between 2017 and 2020 in 30 LMICS. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance was used to evaluate the relationship between early ANC and ANC8+, whilst adjusting for country, clustering, stratification, and sampling weights. Effect modification by place of residence was assessed on additive and multiplicative scales. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool prevalence estimates of ANC8+ across all countries.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of ANC8+ was 35.6%, ranging from 1.7% in Madagascar to 99.4% in Belarus. Early ANC was positively associated with ANC8+ (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 3.74). There was evidence of positive effect modification on additive (relative excess risk due to interaction, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.44) and multiplicative (aPR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.95) scales.

CONCLUSIONS

Many LMICs may not have adopted the 2016 World Health Organization guidelines on ANC8+. Receiving early ANC was associated with a higher likelihood of ANC8+, particularly for women in rural areas.

Summary

Key Message
Our findings suggest that early antenatal care (ANC) was associated with the likelihood of receiving eight or more ANC contacts (ANC8+) among all mothers across low-and middle-income countries. This association was modified by a woman’s place of residence such that mothers living in rural areas who received early ANC had a higher prevalence of ANC8+. Public health programs, which focus on increasing the coverage of ANC8+ should encourage all pregnant women to receive early ANC, particularly those living rural areas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Determinants of Focused Antenatal Care Utilization Among Women in Simiyu Region Tanzania
Agatha F. Ngowi, Serafina Mkuwa, Laura Shirima, Frida Ngalesoni, Gasto Frumence
SAGE Open Nursing.2023; 9: 237796082311707. CrossRef
The moderating role of partners’ education on early antenatal care in northern Ghana
Paschal Awingura Apanga, Maxwell Tii Kumbeni, James Kotuah Sakeah, Ayokunle A. Olagoke, Olufemi Ajumobi
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

A comprehensive study of deaths due to exposure to humidifier disinfectant in Korea: focusing on medical records, assessment of exposure to humidifier disinfectants, and causes of death: Yeong Jun Ju, Seungho Lee, Seungsoo Sheen, Dong-Woo Choi, Jong-Han Leem, Soon Young Lee; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021091. Published online November 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021091

7,399 View
276 Download
2 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to determine the characteristics of the deceased victims of deaths caused by exposure to humidifier disinfectants, and present the distribution of the victims’ data submitted for damage application, demographic characteristics, imaging findings, characteristics of humidifier disinfectant exposure, and distribution of the causes of death.

METHODS

An integrated database of victims was established using the medical records data of 1,413 victims submitted during the application for death damage caused by exposure to humidifier disinfectants, and the demographic characteristics, medical records, imaging findings, exposure characteristics, and cause of death were examined.

RESULTS

The average numbers of data submissions of each applicant for death damage were 3.0 medical use records. A total of 608 (43.0%) victims had more than one finding of acute, subacute, or chronic interstitial lung diseases. The average daily and cumulative use times of the victims were 14.40 and 24,645.81 hours, respectively, indicating greater exposure in this group than in the survivors. The humidifier disinfectants’ components comprised polyhexamethylene guanidine (72.8%), chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (10.5%), other components (15.0%), and oligo-[2-(2-ethoxy)-ethoxyethyl] guanidine chloride (1.5%). The components’ distribution was 67.8% for single-component use, which was higher than that in the survivors (59.8%). The distribution of the causes of death were: respiratory diseases (54.4%), neoplasms (16.8%), and circulatory diseases (6.3%). Other interstitial lung diseases (65.5%) were the most common cause of death among those who died due to respiratory diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

Careful discussions of appropriate remedies should be conducted based on a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the deceased victims, considering their specificities and limitations.

Summary

Korean summary
가습기 살균제 사망 피해 신청자 들 중 건강피해를 인정받지 못한 신청자들이 여전히 많이 남아있으며 (약 40%), 피해판정의 복잡성과 다양한 이슈들이 산적해 있어 사망 피해 신청자들의 적정 구제를 위해 종합적인 특성파악을 바탕으로 세심한 관점에서의 검토가 필요하다. 특히, 가습기 살균제 사망 피해 신청자의 특수성과 피해구제의 제한점을 고려하여야 하며, 기계적인 건강피해 판정을 지양하고 사망 피해 신청자 중심의 세밀한 특성 파악을 바탕으로 다양한 전문가집단이 참여하는 종합적인 논의를 통해 적정구제를 이루어 나가야 함을 제안한다.

Key Message
Careful discussions of appropriate remedies should be conducted based on a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the deceased victims, considering their specificities and limitations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Gene expression related to lung cancer altered by PHMG-p treatment in PBTE cells
Yoon Hee Park, Sang Hoon Jeong, Hyejin Lee, Cherry Kim, Yoon Jeong Nam, Ja Young Kang, Jin Young Choi, Yu-Seon Lee, Su A. Park, Jaeyoung Kim, Eun-Kee Park, Yong-Wook Baek, Hong Lee, Ju-Han Lee
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology.2023; 19(1): 205. CrossRef
Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration
Ji-Hun Song, Joonho Ahn, Min Young Park, Jaeyoung Park, Yu Min Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Jung-Wan Koo, Jongin Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 62
Next
Last