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Homelessness and mortality: gender, age, and housing status inequity in South Korea
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Gum-Ryeong Park, Dawoon Jeong, Seung-Won Lee, Hojoon Sohn, Young Ae Kang, Hongjo Choi
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;e2024076. Published online September 12, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024076
[Accepted]
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 Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We compared mortality rates among various housing statuses within the homeless population and investigated factors contributing to their deaths, including housing status, gender, and age.
METHODS Using a comprehensive multi-year dataset (n=15,445) curated by the National Tuberculosis (TB) Screening and Case Management Programs, matched with the 2019-2021 Vital Statistics Death Database and National Health Insurance claims data, we calculated age-standardized mortality rates and conducted survival analysis to estimate differences in mortality rates based on housing status.
RESULTS The mortality rate among the homeless population was twice as high as that of the general population, at 1159.6 per 100,000 compared to 645.8 per 100,000, respectively. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases were the primary causes of death. Furthermore, individuals residing in shelter facilities faced a significantly higher risk of death than those who were rough sleeping, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.702 (95% CI, 1.369-2.115). This increased risk was especially pronounced in older adults and women.
CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions, as the homeless population faces significantly higher mortality rates. Older adults and women in shelter facilities are at the highest risk.
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Summary
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