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Associations of depression and anxiety with cardiovascular risk among people living with HIV/AIDS in Korea
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Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang, Bo Youl Choi, June Kim, Sang Il Kim, Woo-Joo Kim, Chun Kang
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021002. Published online December 24, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021002
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 Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
As HIV/AIDS is becoming a chronic disease, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people living with HIV/AIDS is rising. Anxiety and depression, which are common among people living with HIV/AIDS, have been linked with CVD. This study investigated the risk of CVD in people living with HIV/AIDS and explored the effects of depression and anxiety on CVD risk.
METHODS Data were collected for 457 people enrolled in the Korea Cohort HIV/AIDS study after 2010. Framingham risk scores were calculated to quantify the 10-year risk of developing CVD. Depression and anxiety variables were re-coded as a single combined variable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity after entry into the cohort, and depression/anxiety.
RESULTS Participants with both depression and anxiety were 2.28 times more likely than those with neither depression nor anxiety to have moderate/high-risk CVD risk. The 10-year risk of developing CVD was affected by LDL cholesterol, TG, age, and duration of HIV infection. LDL cholesterol and TG levels change according to the duration of HIV infection, and metabolic disorders affect the risk of CVD. Thus, a longer duration of HIV infection is associated with a higher risk of developing CVD.
CONCLUSIONS Screenings for depression and anxiety need to be provided regularly to assess the severity of those symptoms. To help decrease their risk of developing CVD, people living with HIV/AIDS should be offered behavioral modification interventions aimed at developing healthy lifestyle habits.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구를 통해 우울과 불안이 심혈관질환 발생위험을 증가시키는 영향요인임을 확인하였다. 따라서, HIV 감염자의 우울과 불안에 대한 정기적인 검사 및 상담이 필요하며, 우울 또는 불안한 환자의 심혈관질환의 발병 위험을 줄이기위해 좋은 생활 습관을 위한 행동 수정 및 동기 부여 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.
Key Message
healthcare providers need to provide motivational education for behavioral modifications to decrease patients’ risk of developing CVD, especially among those with depression or anxiety symptoms.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Depressive Symptoms and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Men and Women with HIV
Claudia Martinez, Nel Jason Haw, Violeta J. Rodriguez, Jorge R. Kizer, Wendy S. Post, Katherine C. Wu, Joao A. C. Lima, Jenni M. Wise, Maria L. Alcaide, Michael Plankey, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Sofia Kozlova, Margaret A. Fischl, Adaora A. Adimora, Matthew
EMJ Cardiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Cardiovascular health (“Life’s Essential 8”), risk of depression and anxiety: a prospective cohort study
Shuzhen Liu, Xiangju Hu, Meijie Jiang, Ninghao Huang, Hailun Liang, Ruimao Zheng, Shuyan Wang, Jian Qin, Zhiyong Zhang, Tao Huang, Xu Gao
npj Cardiovascular Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Comorbidities among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Florida: a network analysis
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AIDS Care.2023; 35(7): 1055. CrossRef - Elevated frequency and everyday functioning implications of vascular depression in persons with HIV disease
Ilex Beltran-Najera, Andrea Mustafa, Desmond Warren, Zach Salling, Maria Misiura, Steven Paul Woods, Vonetta M. Dotson
Journal of Psychiatric Research.2023; 160: 78. CrossRef - MENTE X CORAÇÃO: AS DOENÇAS PSIQUICAS E AS CONSENQUÊNCIAS CARDIOVASCULARES: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Beatriz da Silva Araújo, Morgana Gonçalves da Silva
Revista interdisciplinar em saúde.2021; 8(Único): 292. CrossRef
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