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Dairy product consumption and type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: a prospective cohort study based on the Health Examinees (HEXA) study
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Jiaqi Zhang, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022019. Published online February 4, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022019
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been suggested that the consumption of dairy products helps lower the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association between the consumption of dairy products and T2D events in middle-aged Korean adults.
METHODS We followed up 53,288 participants (16,895 male and 36,393 female) in the Health Examinees (HEXA) study. The consumption of dairy products was assessed using the self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and T2D was defined according to the 2015 treatment guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders. Spline regression was used to better represent the association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D.
RESULTS Among male, those with higher consumption of dairy products had a significantly lower risk of T2D than those who consumed essentially no dairy products (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.91). In particular, consumption of yogurt (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.93; p<sub>trend</sub>=0.035) and cheese (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.89; p<sub>trend</sub>=0.005) was negatively associated with the incidence of T2D in male. In female, daily consumption of 1 serving of yogurt decreased the risk of T2D by 11%.
CONCLUSIONS The association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D differed by sex and dairy product type. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국인유전체역학조사사업의 도시코호트 기반조사와 추적조사에 참여한 40-69세 한국 성인 53 288명의 유제품 섭취와 제2형 당뇨병 발생 위험도를 분석하였다. 요거트와 치즈를 포함한 유제품 섭취가 많을수록 남성의 제2형 당뇨병 위험도가 낮아졌다. 요거트 섭취량을 하루에 한번 증가하면 여성의 제2형 당뇨병 위험도가 감소하다. 유제품 소비와 제2형 당뇨병의 위험도의 연관성은 성별과 유제품에 따라 다르다. 이를 확인하기 위해서는 추가 연구가 필요하다.
Key Message
The study aimed to assess the association between the consumption of dairy products and type 2 diabetes events in Korean adults. Data was from the Health Examinees Study among 53 288 participants. Higher consumption of dairy products including yogurt and cheese was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in men. Increasing yogurt intake by one serving/day reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. The association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes differed by gender and dairy product type. Further studies are needed to confirm this.
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Citations
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- Usual intake of dairy products and the chance of pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up
Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi Nutrition & Diabetes.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Age-specific association between meal-skipping patterns and the risk of hyperglycemia in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study using the KNHANES data
Yeonji Kang, Minji Kang, Hyunjung Lim BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Real-time continuous glucose monitoring vs. self-monitoring of blood glucose: cost-utility in South Korean type 2 diabetes patients on intensive insulin
Ji Yoon Kim, Sabrina Ilham, Hamza Alshannaq, Richard F. Pollock, Waqas Ahmed, Gregory J. Norman, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim Journal of Medical Economics.2024; 27(1): 1245. CrossRef - Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies
Mingjie Zhang, Xiaocong Dong, Zihui Huang, Xue Li, Yue Zhao, Yingyao Wang, Huilian Zhu, Aiping Fang, Edward L. Giovannucci Advances in Nutrition.2023; 14(5): 1170. CrossRef - Effect of Milk and Cultured Milk Products on Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Viswanathan Mohan, Kuzhandhaivelu Abirami, Valangaiman Sriram Manasa, Anandakumar Amutha, Balaji Bhavadharini, Rinky Rajput, Nagarajan Lakshmipriya, Chowdary Sruthi, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Vasudevan Sudha, Kamala Krishnaswamy Journal of the Indian Institute of Science.2023; 103(1): 167. CrossRef - Probiotic potential of fermented foods and their role in non-communicable diseases management: An understanding through recent clinical evidences
A. Nithya, Sourav Misra, Chirasmita Panigrahi, Chandrakant Genu Dalbhagat, Hari Niwas Mishra Food Chemistry Advances.2023; 3: 100381. CrossRef - Dairy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results of a large prospective cohort
Shunming Zhang, Ge Meng, Qing Zhang, Li Liu, Hongmei Wu, Yeqing Gu, Xuena Wang, Juanjuan Zhang, Shaomei Sun, Xing Wang, Ming Zhou, Qiyu Jia, Kun Song, Yan Borné, Emily Sonestedt, Le Ma, Lu Qi, Kaijun Niu Food & Function.2023; 14(21): 9695. CrossRef - Association of milk consumption with management and incidence of hypertension among South Korean adults: A prospective analysis of the health examinees study cohort
Hyein Jung, Geongu Lee, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2022; 32(11): 2515. CrossRef - Association between dairy consumption and the risk of diabetes: A prospective cohort study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Yucheng Yang, Xiaona Na, Yuandi Xi, Menglu Xi, Haibing Yang, Zhihui Li, Ai Zhao Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of dairy consumption patterns with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project
Emad Yuzbashian, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Jennifer Vena, Catherine B. Chan Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2022; 32(12): 2760. CrossRef
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The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: does multivitamin use matter?
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Jihae Kim, Li-Juan Tan, Hyein Jung, Yumi Roh, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022039. Published online April 19, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022039
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12,180
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Abstract
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PDFSupplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with dietary intake; however, few studies have investigated whether the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use affect MetS in the Korean population. This study aimed to examine these effects in Korean adults.
METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 89,548 participants aged between 40 years and 69 years selected from the baseline data of the Health Examinees study conducted in Korea. Fresh vegetable and fruit consumption was assessed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS and its components were defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations of fresh vegetable, fruit, and fresh vegetable+fruit consumption and multivitamin use with the prevalence of MetS.
RESULTS Female in the highest quartile of fresh vegetable, fruit, and fresh vegetable + fruit consumption exhibited a lower prevalence of MetS than those in the lowest quartile. An inverse association with the prevalence of MetS was observed among male with only fresh vegetable consumption. The interaction between the 3 categories and multivitamin intake on the prevalence of MetS was not significant (all p<sub>interaction</sub>>0.05), regardless of sex.
CONCLUSIONS Multivitamin use and consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits had no significant synergistic effects. Although fresh vegetable and fruit consumption showed an inverse association with the prevalence of MetS, this relationship was not altered by multivitamin use.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국인 유전체역학조사사업의 도시코호트 조사에 참여한 40-69세 한국 성인 89 548명의 과일과 채소의 섭취와 종합비타민 섭취가 대사증후군에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 매일 다양한 과일과 채소를 섭취하면, 종합비타민의 섭취와 상관없이 대사증후군 유병 위험도를 낮추는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 대사증후군 예방을 위해서는 일상적인 식사에서 충분한 과일과 채소를 섭취하는 것이 권장된다.
Key Message
This study aimed to examine whether the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use affect MetS among Korean middle-aged adults. Data was from the Health Examinees Study among 89 548 subjects. Results suggested that fruits and vegetables consumption was related with a decreased prevalence of MetS. However, there was no significant synergistic effect between the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use in further reducing MetS prevalence.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006
Xun Pei, Junjie Yao, Simiao Ran, Haifei Lu, Shuo Yang, Yini Zhang, Miyuan Wang, Heyuan Shi, Aihua Tan Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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