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Prospective association between handgrip strength in childhood and the metabolic syndrome score and insulin resistance indices in adolescence: an analysis based on the Ewha Birth and Growth Study
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Seunghee Jun, Hyunjin Park, Hyelim Lee, Hye Ah Lee, Young Sun Hong, Hyesook Park
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Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025001. Published online January 2, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025001
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Abstract
Summary
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low handgrip strength (HGS) in children and adolescents might be associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. This study prospectively evaluated the association between HGS in childhood and MetS in adolescence.
METHODS Based on data from the Ewha Birth and Growth Study, this study analyzed HGS at ages 7 to 9 and metabolic indices at ages 13 to 15. In total, 219 participants were analyzed. The risk of MetS was evaluated using the continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS), and insulin resistance was assessed using fasting blood insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Relative HGS in childhood was determined by dividing HGS by body weight and categorized as sex-specific quartiles.
RESULTS This study found an inverse association between relative HGS levels in childhood and MetS and insulin resistance in adolescence. For each 1-group increase in relative HGS quartiles, cMetS (standarard [Std] β=-0.64, p<0.01), HOMA-IR (Std β=-0.21, p<0.01), and fasting blood insulin (Std β=-0.21, p<0.01) all decreased on average. These associations remained significant even after adjusting for confounding factors.
CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a prospective association between HGS in childhood and the risk of MetS and insulin resistance in adolescence. It provides significant epidemiological evidence, emphasizing the importance of efforts to increase muscle strength from a young age to mitigate the risk of MetS and insulin resistance in adolescence.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 소아기 악력 수준이 청소년기의 대사증후군 및 인슐린 저항성과 연관이 있음을 발견했음. 이러한 결과는 소아기 근력 향상이 향후 대사 위험을 완화하는데 중요함을 강조함.
Key Message
This study found that higher childhood relative handgrip strength was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adolescence. The findings emphasize the importance of enhancing muscle strength early in life to mitigate metabolic risks.
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