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Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-COV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART): findings from national representative sample
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Jina Han, Hye Jin Baek, Eunbi Noh, Kyuhyun Yoon, Jung Ae Kim, Sukhyun Ryu, Kay O Lee, No Yai Park, Eunok Jung, Sangil Kim, Hyukmin Lee, Yoo-Sung Hwang, Jaehun Jung, Hun Jae Lee, Sung-il Cho, Sangcheol Oh, Migyeong Kim, Chang-Mo Oh, Byengchul Yu, Young-Seoub Hong, Keonyeop Kim, Sun Jae Jung, Mi Ah Han, Moo-Sik Lee, Jung-Jeung Lee, Young Hwangbo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Yu-Mi Kim, Joongyub Lee, Weon-Young Lee, Jae-Hyun Park, Sungsoo Oh, Heui Sug Jo, Hyeongsu Kim, Gilwon Kang, Hae-Sung Nam, Ju-Hyung Lee, Gyung-Jae Oh, Min-Ho Shin, Soyeon Ryu, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Soon-Woo Park, Sang Kyu Kim, Roma Seol, Ki-Soo Park, Su Young Kim, Jun-wook Kwon, Sung Soon Kim, Byoungguk Kim, June-Woo Lee, Eun Young Jang, Ah-Ra Kim, Jeonghyun Nam, The Korea Community Health Survey Group, Soon Young Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023075. Published online August 17, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023075
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 Abstract
Summary
 PDF Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including unreported infections, through a Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART) in 258 communities throughout Korea.
METHODS In August 2022, a survey was conducted among 10,000 household members aged 5 years and older, in households selected through two stage probability random sampling. During face-to-face household interviews, participants self-reported their health status, COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination history, and general characteristics. Subsequently, participants visited a community health center or medical clinic for blood sampling. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to spike proteins (anti-S) and antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. To estimate the population prevalence, the PROC SURVEYMEANS statistical procedure was employed, with weighting to reflect demographic data from July 2022.
RESULTS In total, 9,945 individuals from 5,041 households were surveyed across 258 communities, representing all basic local governments in Korea. The overall population-adjusted prevalence rates of anti-S and anti-N were 97.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Since the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has reported a cumulative incidence of confirmed cases of 37.8% through July 31, 2022, the proportion of unreported infections among all COVID-19 infection was suggested to be 33.9%.
CONCLUSIONS The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19, confirming that most individuals possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and that a significant number of unreported cases existed. Furthermore, this study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.
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Summary
Korean summary
인구집단을 기반으로 하여 대표성 있는 표본을 추출하여 COVID-19 항체유병률 조사를 전국적으로 수행함으로 지역사회 단위에서 지속적으로 모니터링할 수 있는 COVID-19 감시체계 구축의 기반을 마련하였다.
2022년 8월 우리나라 국민의 대부분이 COVID-19에 대한 항체를 보유하고 있었고 인구 3명 중 1명은 미확진 감염자로 추정되었다.
Key Message
The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19.
In August 2022, most of the Korean people had antibodies to COVID-19, and one in three people was estimated to have an unreported infection.
This study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Infection-mediated immune response in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and implications for next-generation COVID-19 vaccine development
Sho Miyamoto, Tadaki Suzuki
Vaccine.2024; 42(6): 1401. CrossRef - Changes in the intrinsic severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 according to the emerging variant: a nationwide study from February 2020 to June 2022, including comparison with vaccinated populations
Boyeong Ryu, Eunjeong Shin, Dong Hwi Kim, HyunJu Lee, So Young Choi, Seong-Sun Kim, Il-Hwan Kim, Eun-Jin Kim, Sangwon Lee, Jaehyun Jeon, Donghyok Kwon, Sungil Cho
BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Differences in agricultural activities related to incidence of scrub typhus between Korea and Japan
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Chang-Jin Ma, Gyung-Jae Oh, Gong-Unn Kang, Jeong Mi Lee, Da-Un Lee, Hae-Sung Nam, So Yeon Ryu, Young-Hoon Lee
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Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017051. Published online November 9, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017051
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14,065
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193
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12
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11
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Abstract
Summary
PDFSupplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to establish a basis for improving or strengthening the preventive strategy against scrub typhus in Korea by comparing and analyzing the difference of prevention behaviors contributing to the occurrence of scrub typhus in Japan and Korea.
METHODS The survey was carried out in Jeollabuk-do, which is a high risk and high incidence area, and Fukuoka Prefecture, which is a high risk and low incidence area. The study included 406 Korean farmers and 216 Japanese farmers. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys by interviewers who had completed standardized education.
RESULTS Korean farmers have a higher percentage of agricultural working posture that involved contact with weeds than Japanese farmers (p<0.05). The frequency and proportion of weeding were lower in Korean farmers than in Japanese farmers (p<0.05). The level of knowledge about scrub typhus was significantly higher among Korean farmers than among Japanese farmers (p<0.05). Mostly, the behavior of agriculture work was more appropriate for Japanese farmers than for Korean farmers (p<0.05). The total average level of agricultural work was lower in Korea than in Japan, lower in men than women, and lower in part-time farmers than full-time farmers (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that it is reasonable to develop and provide a program that can improve the level of preventive behavior taking into consideration the characteristics of the subject in order to reduce the incidence of diseases in high-risk areas for scrub typhus.
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Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 쯔쯔가무시증 발생 위험은 공통으로 존재하나 발생률 및 발생 건수에서는 현저한 차이를 나타내는 한·일 농업인들의 털진드기 매개체에 대한 접촉과 관련된 행태나 환경 관리의 차이를 파악하였다. 연구결과 한국은 일본에 비해 환경관리 수준이 낮고, 풀숲과 접촉할 수 있는 농작업 자세를 더 취하고 있었으며, 쯔쯔가무시증에 대한 지식 수준은 높으나 예방행태 수행 수준은 낮았다. 이 연구는 한국의 농업인들의 쯔쯔가무시증 발생을 억제하기 위해서는 예방행태를 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발과 제공이 필요함을 제시하고 있다.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Exploring the influencing factors of scrub typhus in Gannan region, China, based on spatial regression modelling and geographical detector
Kailun Pan, Fen Lin, Hua Xue, Qingfeng Cai, Renfa Huang
Infectious Disease Modelling.2025; 10(1): 28. CrossRef - Climate influences scrub typhus occurrence in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India: analysis of a 15-year dataset
Solomon D’Cruz, Kotamreddy Sreedevi, Cheryl Lynette, Karthik Gunasekaran, John Antony Jude Prakash
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Exploring the effects and interactions of meteorological factors on the incidence of scrub typhus in Ganzhou City, 2008–2021
Kailun Pan, Renfa Huang, Lingui Xu, Fen Lin
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Community engagement around scrub typhus in northern Thailand: a pilot project
Carlo Perrone, Nipaphan Kanthawang, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Daranee Intralawan, Sue J Lee, Supalert Nedsuwan, Benjarat Fuwongsitt, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Rachel C Greer
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and complications of scrub typhus infection in Nepal: a systematic review
Pratik Lamichhane, Kailash M. Pokhrel, Baraa Alghalyini, Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi, Maied Z. Alshehery, Kapil Khanal, Madhur Bhattarai, Alisha Yadav
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(10): 5022. CrossRef - Epidemiological Aspects of Tsutsugamushi Disease (Scrub Typhus) Outbreaks in Republic of Korea and Japan
Myeong-Jin Lee, Bok Soon Han, Won-Chang Lee, Young Hwan Kwon
The Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2022; 32(2): 65. CrossRef - Ecological and behavioural risk factors of scrub typhus in central Vietnam: a case-control study
Hanh Thi Duc Tran, Jan Hattendorf, Hung Manh Do, Thanh Tien Hoang, Hang Thi Hai Hoang, Hoa Ngoc Lam, Mai Kim Huynh, Lan Thi Hoang Vu, Jakob Zinsstag, Daniel Henry Paris, Esther Schelling
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Orientia tsutsugamushi dynamics in vectors and hosts: ecology and risk factors for foci of scrub typhus transmission in northern Thailand
Ivo Elliott, Neeranuch Thangnimitchok, Kittipong Chaisiri, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Piangnet Jaiboon, Nicholas P. J. Day, Daniel H. Paris, Paul N. Newton, Serge Morand
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - The estimated burden of scrub typhus in Thailand from national surveillance data (2003-2018)
Tri Wangrangsimakul, Ivo Elliott, Supalert Nedsuwan, Rawadee Kumlert, Soawapak Hinjoy, Kittipong Chaisiri, Nicholas P. J. Day, Serge Morand, Husain Poonawala
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(4): e0008233. CrossRef - Deforestation Increases the Risk of Scrub Typhus in Korea
Kyung-Duk Min, Ju-Yeun Lee, Yeonghwa So, Sung-il Cho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(9): 1518. CrossRef - Scrub typhus ecology: a systematic review of Orientia in vectors and hosts
Ivo Elliott, Isabelle Pearson, Prabin Dahal, Nigel V. Thomas, Tamalee Roberts, Paul N. Newton
Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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