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A meta-analysis of the association between adolescent pregnancy and the risk of gynecological cancers
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Bita Azmi-Naei, Fatemeh Shahbazi, Nazanin Azmi-Naei, Jalal Poorolajal
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024094. Published online November 26, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024094
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite several investigations, the association between adolescent pregnancy and gynecological cancers has yet to be conclusively established. To further explore this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies.
METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies investigating the link between adolescent pregnancy and gynecologic cancers. This search continued until February 20, 2023. To assess the heterogeneity among the studies, we used the I2-statistics. We also explored the potential presence of publication bias using the Begg and Egger tests. The overall effect sizes were reported as either risk ratio or odds ratio, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model.
RESULTS From an initial pool of 25,436 studies, a total of 76 studies involving 13,991,683 participants met the predefined eligibility criteria. The analysis indicated that the overall effect size for individuals having their first pregnancy at age 20 or older, compared to those having it before age 20, was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.59) for cervical cancer, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.88) for ovarian cancer, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.04) for uterine cancer.
CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that experiencing one’s initial pregnancy at the age of 20 or above is associated with a significantly reduced risk of cervical and ovarian cancer. However, no significant association was found between first pregnancy at this age and uterine cancer.
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Summary
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National trends and projection of chronic kidney disease incidence according to etiology from 1990 to 2030 in Iran: a Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling study
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Fatemeh Shahbazi, Amin Doosti-Irani, Alireza Soltanian, Jalal Poorolajal
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Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023027. Published online February 17, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023027
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Abstract
Summary
PDF Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Predicting CKD incidence rates and case numbers at the national and global levels is vital for planning CKD prevention programs.
METHODS Data on CKD incidence rates and case numbers in Iran from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease online database. The average annual percentage change was computed to determine the temporal trends in CKD age-standardized incidence rates from 1990 to 2019. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the CKD incidence rate and case numbers through 2030.
RESULTS Nationally, CKD cases increased from 97,300 in 1990 to 315,500 in 2019. The age-specific CKD incidence rate increased from 168.52 per 100,000 to 382.98 per 100,000 during the same period. Between 2020 and 2030, the number of CKD cases is projected to rise to 423,300. The age-specific CKD incidence rate is projected to increase to 469.04 in 2030 (95% credible interval, 399.20 to 538.87). In all age groups and etiological categories, the CKD incidence rate is forecasted to increase by 2030.
CONCLUSIONS CKD case numbers and incidence rates are anticipated to increase in Iran through 2030. The high level of CKD incidence in people with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, as well as in older people, suggests a deficiency of attention to these populations in current prevention plans and highlights their importance in future programs for the national control of CKD.
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Summary
Key Message
Based on our findings, it is predicted that the number of chronic kidney patients in Iran will reach 423,300 people by 2030. Additionally, the age-specific incidence rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is projected to increase to 469.04 in the same year. The CKD incidence rate is forecasted to increase by 2030 in all age groups and etiological categories, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and other causes.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
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