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Effect of the human papillomavirus vaccine on the risk of genital warts: a nationwide cohort study of Korean adolescent girls
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Jaeyoung Cho, Eun Mi Kim, Jihye Kim, Ju-Young Shin, Eui Hyeok Kim, Jong Heon Park, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Geun-Yong Kwon, Soon-Ae Shin, Jaiyong Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024040. Published online March 18, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024040
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 Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination administered to adolescent girls through Korea’s National Immunization Program.
METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients who were 12-13 years old, whether vaccinated or unvaccinated, between July 2016 and December 2017. The incidence of genital warts (GWs) was monitored through 2021. Time-stratified hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated, adjusting for birth year, socioeconomic status, and the level of urbanization of the region, and were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data were sourced from the Immunization Registry Integration System, linked with the National Health Information Database.
RESULTS The study included 332,062 adolescent girls, with an average follow-up period of approximately 4.6 years. Except for the first year, the HRs for the vaccinated group were lower than those for the unvaccinated group. The HRs for specific cut-off years were as follows: year 2, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.31 to 1.13); year 3, 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.96); and year 4 and beyond, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.52).
CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HPV vaccination was associated with a reduction in the risk of GWs among adolescent girls. Notably, this reduction became significant as the incidence of GWs increased with age.
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Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 후향적 코호트 연구로써, HPV 예방접종이 한국의 여자 청소년에서 생식기사마귀 질환의 위험을 감소시키는 것과 연관성이 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 단기적으로 한국의 국가예방접종 사업은 생식기사마귀 질환에 있어 효과가 있었다고 볼 수 있다. 향후에는 전암성 병변 또는 암 등과 같은 심각한 질환에 대한 백신의 영향을 확인할 필요가 있다.
Key Message
In this retrospective cohort study, our results demonstrated that HPV vaccination is associated with a reduction in the risk of GWs among adolescent girls. In the short term, the NIP of Korea can be considered effective in providing protection against GWs. Future studies need to analyze the impact of vaccines on more serious diseases such as precancerous lesions or cancer.
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Data resource profile: the Korean Workers’ Compensation-National Health Insurance Service (KoWorC-NHIS) cohort
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Jeehee Min, Eun Mi Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Jungwon Jang, Youngjin Choi, Inah Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;e2024071. Published online August 19, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024071
[Accepted]
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The KoWorC-NHIS cohort was established to investigate the longitudinal health outcomes of Korean workers who have been compensated for occupational injuries or diseases. This cohort study, which utilized data spanning from 2004 to 2015, merged workers' compensation insurance claim data with the National Health Insurance Database (NHID), encompassing 858,793 participants. The data included sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, income, address, insurance type, and disability grade. It also covered the types of occupational accidents, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes for diseases or accidents, work tenure, industry, occupation code, and company size. Additional details such as the occupational hire date, date of claim, date of recognition, and affected body parts were recorded. The cohort predominantly consisted of male workers (80%), with the majority experiencing their first occupational accident in their 40s (27.6%) or 50s (25.3%). Notably, 93.1% of the cases were classified as occupational injuries. By integrating this data with that from the NHID, updates on health utilization, employment status, and income changes were made annually. The follow-up period for this study is set to conclude in 2045.
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