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Original Articles
Impact of secondhand smoke exposure in former smokers on their subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: evidence from the population-based cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Masoumeh Sadeghi, Maryam S. Daneshpour, Soheila Khodakarim, Amir Abbas Momenan, Mahdi Akbarzadeh, Hamid Soori
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020009.   Published online March 8, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020009
  • 13,021 View
  • 154 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Cigarette smoking is an established, strong, and modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little research has investigated CHD risk in former smokers who continue to be exposed to others’ cigarette smoke (former & secondhand smokers).
METHODS
In the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a prospective population-based cohort (n=20,069) was followed up for a median period of 14.6 years. A subset of 8,050 participants of 30 years of age and older was analyzed, with first CHD events as the study outcome. Participants were categorized as never, former, current, secondhand, and former & secondhand smokers. Data on smoking intensity (cigarette/d) were also collected. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate the risk of CHD, taking into account the main potential confounders.
RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 46.10 ±11.38 years, and they experienced 1,118 first CHD events (with most CHD cases in former smokers) during the follow-up period. The risk of CHD was highest in current smokers, followed in order by former & secondhand, former, and secondhand smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 2.39; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.08; HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.72; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.51, respectively), compared to never smokers. The risk of CHD increased with smoking intensity, which has been proposed as a preferable measure of smoking, indicating a dose-response pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
The elevated risk of CHD in former & secondhand smokers was a noteworthy finding, with possible implications for health policy; however, further research is needed.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study
    Luisa S. Flor, Jason A. Anderson, Noah Ahmad, Aleksandr Aravkin, Sinclair Carr, Xiaochen Dai, Gabriela F. Gil, Simon I. Hay, Matthew J. Malloy, Susan A. McLaughlin, Erin C. Mullany, Christopher J. L. Murray, Erin M. O’Connell, Chukwuma Okereke, Reed J. D.
    Nature Medicine.2024; 30(1): 149.     CrossRef
  • Association of secondhand smoke exposure with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in patients with hypertension: Insights from NHANES
    Dikang Pan, Julong Guo, Sensen Wu, Hui Wang, Jingyu Wang, Cong Wang, Yongquan Gu
    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predictive Value of Cardiovascular Health Score for Health Outcomes in Patients with PCI: Comparison between Life’s Simple 7 and Life’s Essential 8
    Xueqin Gao, Xinrui Ma, Ping Lin, Yini Wang, Zhenjuan Zhao, Rui Zhang, Bo Yu, Yanhua Hao
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3084.     CrossRef
  • A gender specific risk assessment of coronary heart disease based on physical examination data
    Hui Yang, Ya-Mei Luo, Cai-Yi Ma, Tian-Yu Zhang, Tao Zhou, Xiao-Lei Ren, Xiao-Lin He, Ke-Jun Deng, Dan Yan, Hua Tang, Hao Lin
    npj Digital Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The predictive accuracy of coronary heart disease risk prediction models in rural Northwestern China
    Jiangwei Qiu, Zhenqi Chang, Kai Wang, Kexin Chen, Qingan Wang, Jiaxing Zhang, Juan Li, Chan Yang, Yi Zhao, Yuhong Zhang
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2023; 36: 102503.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for incident cardiovascular events among adults in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
    Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, Sojib Bin Zaman, Amanda G. Thrift, Roger G. Evans, Ayse Zengin
    Preventive Medicine.2022; 158: 107036.     CrossRef
  • Burden of current and past smoking across 28 European countries in 2017: A cross-sectional analysis
    Ayaka Teshima, Anthony Laverty, Filippos Filippidis
    Tobacco Induced Diseases.2022; 20(June): 1.     CrossRef
  • Role of Air Pollution and rs10830963 Polymorphism on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study
    Fatemeh Jabbari, Anoushiravan Mohseni Bandpei, Maryam S. Daneshpour, Abbas Shahsavani, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar, Amir abbas Momenan, Fereidoun Azizi
    Journal of Diabetes Research.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
Geographical distribution of at fault drivers involved in fatal traffic collisions in Tehran, Iran
Amir Kavousi, Ali Moradi, Khaled Rahmani, Salahdin Zeini, Pegah Ameri
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020002.   Published online January 13, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020002
  • 11,153 View
  • 177 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
According to Traffic Police, about 35% of deaths and more than 50% of injuries caused by traffic collision in the roads of Tehran are among drivers and car occupants. This study was conducted to determine areas with the highest number of traffic collisions and perform spatial analysis of traffic collisions involving drivers in Tehran during April 2014 to March 2017.
METHODS
The present study was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic research. In this study, all traffic collision that driver was accounted (100 percent or less) for crash occurrence which resulted in the death of at least one person (driver, pedestrian or passenger) were included in the analyses. Geographic information system software was used to show spatial distribution of events from zoning maps. Moran index was used in the mathematical analysis in order to determine the distribution pattern of the events from and Getis-Ord G statistics was applied to analyze the hot spots (high risk points).
RESULTS
A total number of 519 traffic collisions were investigated in this study. Moreover, 283 cases (54.5%) of the incidents took place in direct routes and 236 cases (45.5%) occurred at intersections. The most frequent events were in the region 4 (57 cases) and the least frequent events were reported in the region 10 (6 cases). Moran statistics show that the distribution of the studied events significantly follows the cluster pattern (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The northeastern and northwest margins of Tehran are the most prone areas for drivers involved with traffic collisions leading to death. Most traffic collisions leading to death take place at highways located at the entrance and exit points of Tehran and highways in regions 2 and 5.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Road Accident Hotspots on Jordan’s Highway Based on Geometric Designs Using Structural Equation Modeling
    Shatha Aser Aldala’in, Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor, Mohammed Taleb Obaidat, Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
    Applied Sciences.2023; 13(14): 8095.     CrossRef
  • GIS-based risk mapping of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a survey in an endemic area of Central Iran
    Mohammad Reza Maracy, Fariba Jaffary, Afshin Ebrahimi, Fatemeh Sokhanvari, Asieh Heidari, Hanieh Sharifian-Koupaiee, Reza Fadaei, Javad Ramazanpour, Malihe Moazeni
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2021; 28(41): 57470.     CrossRef
  • Identifying and prioritizing risk factors involved in motorcyclists' traffic accidents in Tehran
    Ali Moradi, Amir Kavousi, Pegah Ameri, Mohyeddin Amjadian, MohammadHossein Vaziri
    Archives of Trauma Research.2021; 10(3): 153.     CrossRef
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