Epidemiology and Health

Original Article

Interaction between vitamin E intake and a COMT gene variant on colorectal cancer risk among Korean adults: a case-control study: Shinyoung Jun, Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeonghee Lee, Jae Hwan Oh, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Kyung Sohn, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023100. Published online November 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023100

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Previous human trials have not supported the anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin E despite biological plausibility and considerable epidemiological evidence. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is the interactive effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and supplemental vitamin E on cancer. We examined whether a COMT gene variant modulates the effect of dietary vitamin E intake on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.
METHODS
In this case-control study of Korean adults (975 cases and 975 age- and sex-matched controls), dietary vitamin E density (mg/1,000 kcal) was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, COMT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs740603 (A>G) was genotyped, and CRC was verified histologically. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression models with adjustments for potential confounders.
RESULTS
Higher vitamin E density was associated with a lower risk of CRC (highest vs. lowest quartiles: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.96; p-for-trend=0.002). When stratified by COMT SNP rs740603 genotype, the inverse association between vitamin E density and CRC risk was confined to those with at least 1 A allele (≥median vs. <median: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.78). The interaction between rs740603 and vitamin E density was significant (p-for-interaction=0.020). No direct association was observed between COMT SNP rs740603 and CRC risk (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.41).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support a role for a genetic polymorphism in COMT in modifying the association between dietary vitamin E intake and CRC.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 국립암센터에서 수집한 대장암 환자-대조군 자료를 활용하여, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) 유전자의 단일염기다형성(SNP)에 따라 비타민 E 섭취와 대장암 위험 간의 연관성이 달라지는지 파악하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, COMT SNP rs740603의 유전자형에 따라 식이를 통한 비타민 E 섭취 밀도와 대장암 위험 간의 연관성이 다르게 나타나 COMT 유전자와 비타민 E 섭취 간의 상호작용이 대장암 발생 위험에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있음을 제시하였다.

Key Message
In this case-control study of Korean adults, we examined whether a polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene modulates the effect of dietary vitamin E intake on colorectal cancer risk. Our results suggest that the inverse association between vitamin E density and colorectal cancer risk is confined to carriers of the COMT rs740603 A allele. The findings of our study support the interactive effect of the COMT gene and vitamin E intake on colorectal cancer risk.

Methods

Meta-analysis for genome-wide association studies using case-control design: application and practice: Sungryul Shim, Jiyoung Kim, Wonguen Jung, In-Soo Shin, Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016058. Published online December 18, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016058

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Abstract

This review aimed to arrange the process of a systematic review of genome-wide association studies in order to practice and apply a genome-wide meta-analysis (GWMA). The process has a series of five steps: searching and selection, extraction of related information, evaluation of validity, meta-analysis by type of genetic model, and evaluation of heterogeneity. In contrast to intervention meta-analyses, GWMA has to evaluate the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the third step and conduct meta-analyses by five potential genetic models, including dominant, recessive, homozygote contrast, heterozygote contrast, and allelic contrast in the fourth step. The ‘genhwcci’ and ‘metan’ commands of STATA software evaluate the HWE and calculate a summary effect size, respectively. A meta-regression using the ‘metareg’ command of STATA should be conducted to evaluate related factors of heterogeneities.

Summary

Korean summary
오늘날 활발히 수행되고 있는 유전체역학연구는 재현성의 문제, 대상자 크기의 한계 등으로 유전체 메타분석 연구가 요구되고 있다. 유전체 메타분석의 전반적인 수행 단계는 약물, 수술 등의 중개연구의 메타분석처럼 5 단계를 밟아 수행된다. 그러나, 유전체 메타분석은 3번째 과정에서 Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) 검정과 4번째 과정에서 5가지 가능한 유전형 모델에 따라 메타분석이 이루어진다는 점에서 중개연구의 메타분석과 차이가 있다.

Citations

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Recommendations for Statistical Reporting in Cardiovascular Medicine: A Special Report From the American Heart Association
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Circulation.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Original Articles

Impaired fasting glucose, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and risk for colorectal cancer in Koreans: Keum Ji Jung, Miyong To Kim, Sun Ha Jee; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016002. Published online January 6, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016002

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Numerous studies have demonstrated that fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels and certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, their combined effects are still unclear.

METHODS

Of a total of 144,527 men and women free of cancer at baseline, 317 developed CRC during 5.3 years of follow-up. A case-cohort study (n=1,691) was used, consisting of participants with a DNA sample available. Three well-known SNPs (rs3802842, rs6983267, rs10795668) were genotyped. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CRC, colon and rectal cancer were calculated, with the Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS

The crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 41.1 overall, 48.4 for men, and 29.3 for women. Among participants with dysglycemia, SNPs rs3802842 and rs6983267 were both associated with an increased risk of CRC (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.5 and HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1, respectively) and rectal cancer (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.6 and HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.1, respectively). The interaction effect of dysglycemia and SNPs was positive, that is, resulted in an elevated risk of CRC, but was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates that both high FSG and certain SNPs are major risk factors for CRC and rectal cancer but that they did not interact synergistically. The difference in effect size of the SNPs according to CRC subtype (i.e., colon or rectal cancer) and presence of dysglycemia merits further research.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 공복혈당농도와 대장암과 관련된 단일염기다형성(SNP)과의 관련성을 살펴 보았다. 높은 공복혈당농도와 단일염기다형성(SNP_rs3802842, rs6983267)은 대장암의 주요한 위험요인이었으나, 두 가지 요인의 상호작용으로 인한 시너지 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 대장암의 아형에 따른 다른 효과 크기와 이상혈당증 유무에 따른 향후 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Citations

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Glycemic traits and colorectal cancer survival in a cohort of South Korean patients: A Mendelian randomization analysis
So Yon Jun, Sooyoung Cho, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung‐Bum Ryoo, Seung Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Aesun Shin
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Shan Li, Xiaohong Zhu, Lihua Zhang, Cui Huang, Dan Li
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So-Young Kwak, Clara Yongjoo Park, Garam Jo, Oh Yoen Kim, Min-Jeong Shin
Endocrine Journal.2018; 65(9): 881. CrossRef
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ADIPOQ Gene Variants Associated with Susceptibility to Obesity and Low Serum Adiponectin Levels in Healthy Koreans: Ji Wan Park, Jungyong Park, Sun Ha Jee; Epidemiol Health. 2011;33:e2011003. Published online April 25, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2011003

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title>This study aimed to measure the association between the adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain-containing (<italic>ADIPOQ</italic>) gene variants and obesity in Koreans.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>Three single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the <italic>ADIPOQ</italic> gene were genotyped in a population-based cross-sectional study of 986 healthy Koreans. Three different case-control groups (i.e. G1, G2, and G3) were defined according to body mass index (BMI) and serum adiponectin levels. Allelic and genotypic associations of this gene with obesity were measured using multivariate logistic regression analyses in each group.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>The G allele of -11377C>G, a polymorphism located in the promoter region of the <italic>ADIPOQ</italic> gene (odds ratio (OR), 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.94) and most haplotypes including this allele significantly increased the risk for obesity. However, the OR decreased from 3.98 (G1 group) to 2.90 (G2 group) and 2.30 (G3 group) when a less strict definition of obesity was used. Most haplotypes, including this allele, significantly increased the risk of obesity. The statistical evidence from the GG genotype of -11377C>G (OR, 3.98) and the GT/GT diplotype composed of -11377G>C and +45T>G (OR, 5.20) confirmed the contribution of the G allele toward a predisposition for obesity.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>These results suggest the contribution of the <italic>ADIPOQ</italic> gene toward susceptibility to obesity in healthy Koreans. The high-risk genotypes and haplotypes identified here may provide more information for identifying individuals who are at risk of obesity.</sec>

Summary

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No Association Between Functional Polymorphisms in COMT and MTHFR and Schizophrenia Risk in Korean Population: Ho Jin Kang, Byeong Moo Choe, Seong Hwan Kim, Seung-Rak Son, Kyoung-Mu Lee, Byoung Gwon Kim, Young-Seoub Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2010;32:e2010011. Published online December 24, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2010011

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title>Common genetic SNPs in two genes, encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which are interconnected with COMT gene regulation, have been reported to contribute to schizophrenia risk. In this study, we evaluated the association between functional polymorphisms in COMT and MTHFR and schizophrenia risk with a case-control study in a Korean population.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We performed a case-control study by genotyping analysis using 360 cases and 348 controls in Korean subjects to determine the association between functional polymorphisms in COMT and MTHFR and schizophrenia risk.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>Four functional SNPs in COMT (Val158Met and rs165599) and MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) were genotyped by primer extension assay. None of the genotype distributions for the four SNPs was significantly different between cases and controls. Stratified analysis did not show any significant gender difference for any polymorphism. In addition, we found no evidence of a gene-gene interaction in the analysis of combined genotypes.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>Our results suggest no significant association between the selected functional polymorphisms of COMT or MTHFR in Korean schizophrenia subjects. However, further studies are required to confirm our findings in a larger number of subjects.</sec>

Summary

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Association between MTHFR (677C>T and 1298A>C) polymorphisms and psychiatric disorder: A meta-analysis
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Association between variants of MTHFR genes and psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis
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Effort-related decision making in humanized COMT mice: Effects of Val158Met polymorphisms and possible implications for negative symptoms in humans
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Shusuke Numata, Makoto Kinoshita, Atsushi Tajima, Akira Nishi, Issei Imoto, Tetsuro Ohmori
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The Role of Genetic Polymorphism of Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Bladder Cancer in Korea.: Jiyeob Choi, Seungjoon Lee, Kyoungmu Lee, Inmi Choi, Youngju Lee, Hyungjune Im, Sang Yun Lee, Kijung Yoon, Sooung Kim, Moonsoo Park, Hanyong Choi, Whang Choi, Keunyoung Yoo, Soohun Cho, Daehee Kang; Korean J Epidemiol. 2000;22(1):59-67.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
Although the association of genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase(GST) and N-acetyltransferase(NAT) with bladder cancer has been reported, limited numbers of studies have been indicated the association of CYP2E1 with bladder cancer, particularly in Asian population. A hospital based case-control study was conducted in South Korean, consisting of 232 histologically confirmed prevalent bladder cancer cases and 165 controls to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1(RsaI) and development of bladder cancer. The frequency of CYP2E1(RsaI) c1/c1 genotype in bladder cancer cases was higher than in controls; 114 of 201(56.7%) vs. 62 of 146(42.5%). Men with CYP2E1(RsaI) c1/c1 genotype had increased risk of development of bladder cancer compared to men with at least one c2 allele(OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.7). The bladder cancer risk increased as the number of c1 allele increased(p for trend=0.005). The risk increased as the amount of smoking increased(p for trend=0.009). When data were analyzed for the interaction between smoking and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms, smokers with c1/c1 genotype have 2.5 greater risk in development of bladder cancer(95% CI=1.0-6.2) compared to nonsmokers with c2 allele(p for interaction=0.008). Our findings suggest that the interaction between genetic polymorphisms of CYP 2E1 (RsaI, c1/c1) and smoking may play an important role for development of bladder cancer among Koreans.; Summary

Glutathione S-transferase(GST) M1 and T1 Genetic Polymorphism in Benign Breast Disorders of Korean Women.: Sue Kyung Park, Mina Ha, Sook Un Kim, Daehee Kang, Keun Young Yoo; Korean J Epidemiol. 2000;22(1):52-58.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
PURPOSE
A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of glutathione-S-transferase(GST)M1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphism for developing benign breast disorders(fibrocystic diseases and fibroadenoma) in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histologically confirmed incident cases of benign breast disorder(n=56) were selected from inpatients at the Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital since 1994. Women with free of self-reporting past history of any malignancies were regarded as controls who were selected from the inpatients at the same department at three hospitals during 1994 to 1998(n=180). Information on life-styles including reproductive factors were obtained by direct interview using questionnaire. Age and menopausal status were matched and 51 cases and 102 controls were finally selected. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were estimated by multiple logistic regression after adjusting for age, education, body mass index, smoking history, drinking history, menstrual regularity, age at menarch, age at first pregnancy, frequency of fullterm pregnancy, breast feeding history, duration of breast feeding, and family history of breast cancer.
RESULTS
GSTM1-null type showed no significance related to the risk of benign breast disorder(adjusted OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.38-1.83) and GSTT1-null type was also not significant(adjusted OR=1.4, 95% CI=0.63-3.29). Increasing tendency of disease risk by the number of GSTs null type was not observed (ptrend>0.1) after adjusting for all other variables.
DISCUSSIONS
Further investigation with larger sample size should be needed to provide more concrete information on the role of GST genetic polymorphism in benign breast cancer and a lots of studies relation in normal level of GST genetic polymorphism in general population should be performed.; Summary

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